Kawirikawiri, ogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chipangizo chimodzi chosungidwa mu kompyuta yawo. Mukangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, yaphatikizidwa kukhala magawo enaake. Buku lililonse lomveka liri ndi udindo wosungira zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, izo zikhoza kupangidwira mu machitidwe osiyanasiyana a mafayilo ndi kukhala chimodzi mwa zigawo ziwiri. Chotsatira, tikufuna kufotokozera dongosolo la disk hard disk momwe angathere.
Zokhudzana ndi thupi - HDD ili ndi zigawo zingapo kuphatikizidwa kukhala imodzi. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri pa mutuwu, tikukupemphani kuti muwone zosiyana zathu pazotsatira zotsatirazi, ndipo tipitanso kusanthula pulogalamuyi.
Onaninso: Kodi disk yovuta ndi yotani?
Malembo ovomerezeka
Mukagawaniza diski yowonjezera, kalata yosasinthika yayikidwira dongosolo la voliyumu. C, ndi yachiwiri - D. Makalata A ndi B akudumpha, chifukwa floppy disks za mawonekedwe osiyana amasonyezedwa mwanjira iyi. Pomwe palibe buku lachiwiri la kalata yovuta D Dalaivala ya DVD idzawonetsedwa.
Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amathyola HDD kukhala magawo, kuwagawira makalata aliwonse omwe alipo. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire kusokonekera koteroko, werengani nkhani yathu ina pazotsatira zotsatirazi.
Zambiri:
Njira 3 zogawa gawo la disk
Njira zochotsera magawo a hard disk
Nyumba za MBR ndi GPT
Chilichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri ndi ma volumes ndi magawo, koma palinso zochitika. Chitsanzo choyambirira chimatchedwa MBR (Master Boot Record), ndipo chinalowetsedwa ndi GPT yowonjezera (GUID Partition Table). Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazomwe timapanga ndikuziganizira mwatsatanetsatane.
MBR
Ma CD MBR pang'onopang'ono akuthandizidwa ndi GPT, koma adakali wotchuka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makompyuta ambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Master Boot Record ndilo gawo loyamba la HDD lokhala ndi mphamvu 512 bytes, ilo liri losungidwa ndipo silinayambe kulembedwa. Tsambali ili ndi udindo woyendetsa OS. Kapangidwe kawo kamakhala kosavuta chifukwa amalola kugawaniza chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito kuzinthu popanda mavuto. Mfundo yoyambitsa disk ndi MBR ndi iyi:
- Pamene dongosolo likuyambira, BIOS imalowa gawo loyambalo ndikupatsani ulamuliro wambiri. Chigawo ichi chili ndi code
0000: 7C00h. - Zolemba zinayi zotsatirazi ndizofunika kudziwa daki.
- Chotsatira chimabwera cholakwika
01BEh- magome a voliyumu ya HDD. Mu chithunzi pansipa mungathe kuona kufotokozera momveka bwino za kuwerenga kwa gawo loyamba.
Tsopano kuti magawo a disk afikira, m'pofunika kudziwa malo ogwira ntchito omwe OS adzamangirire. Chotsatira choyamba mu chitsanzo chowerenga ichi chimatanthawuza gawolo kuti liyambe. Zotsatirazi sungani nambala ya mutu kuti ayambe kuwongolera, nambala yachitsulo ndi chiwerengero cha gawo, ndi chiwerengero cha magawo mu volume. Lamulo lowerenga likuwonetsedwa pa chithunzichi.
Kwa makonzedwe a malo omwe amalembedwa kwambiri pa gawo la teknoloji yomwe ilipo, teknoloji CHS (Cylinder Head Sector) ili ndi udindo. Imawerengera chiwerengero chosungira, mitu ndi magawo. Kuwerengera kwa zigawo zomwe zafotokozedwa kumayambira 0ndi magawo omwe ali nawo 1. Ndikuwerenga zonsezi kuti gawo lovomerezeka la disk hard determinate.
Zopweteka za dongosolo ngatilo ndizolembera zochepa za voti ya deta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa nthawi yoyamba ya CHS, chigawocho chikhoza kukhala ndi 8 GB kukumbukira, zomwe posachedwa sizinali zokwanira. Malowa anali LBA (Logical Block Addressing) aderesi, momwe chiwerengero cha chiwerengero chinakonzanso. Tsopano imathandizira kuyendetsa mpaka 2 TB. LBA idakonzedwanso, koma kusintha kunakhudza GPT yekha.
Tinachita bwino ndi makampani oyambirira ndi otsatila. Ponena za kumapeto kwake, imasungidwanso, yotchedwaAA55ndipo ali ndi udindo woyang'ana MBR kwa umphumphu ndi kupezeka kwa chidziwitso chofunikira.
GPT
Tekesi yamakono ya MBR ili ndi zofooka ndi zoperewera zambiri zomwe sizikanakhoza kupereka ntchito ndi deta yochuluka. Kulikonza kapena kusintha sikunali kopanda phindu, kotero pamodzi ndi kumasulidwa kwa UEFI, ogwiritsa ntchito anaphunzira za dongosolo latsopano la GPT. Linalengedwa ndikuganizira kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa ma drive ndi kusintha kwa PC, kotero tsopano ndi njira yowonjezereka kwambiri. Zimasiyana ndi MBR muzigawo izi:
- Kusakhala kwa makonzedwe a CHS, kumangogwira ntchito yokha ndi kusintha kwa LBA;
- GPT amasunga makope ake awiri pa galimoto - imodzi kumayambiriro kwa diski ndi ina kumapeto. Njirayi idzabwezeretsanso gawoli kudzera mukopi yosungidwa ngati padzawonongeka;
- Mapangidwe apamwamba a chipangizo, chomwe tikambirane mopitirira;
- Kufufuza kwa mutu kumayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito UEFI pogwiritsa ntchito checksum.
Onaninso: Kukonza vuto lolimba la CRC
Tsopano ndikufuna ndikuuzeni zambiri za momwe ntchitoyi ikugwirira ntchito. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, teknoloji ya LBA imagwiritsidwa ntchito apa, yomwe ingathandize kugwira ntchito ndi diski za kukula kwake popanda mavuto, ndipo m'tsogolomu kuonjezera zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Onaninso: Kodi West Digital yovuta magalimoto mitundu imatanthauza chiyani?
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti gawo la MBR likupezeka ku GPT, ndilo loyambirira ndipo liri ndi kukula kwa kamodzi. Ndikofunika kuti HDD ichite bwino ndi zigawo zakale, komanso salola mapulogalamu omwe sakudziwa GPT kuti awononge kapangidwe kawo. Choncho, gawoli amatchedwa chitetezo. Chotsatira ndi chigawo cha 32, 48, kapena 64 bits, chomwe chimayambitsa magawano, amatchedwa mutu woyamba wa GPT. Pambuyo pa magulu awiriwa, nkhaniyi ikuwerengedwa, ndondomeko yachiwiri yavumbulutsi, ndipo buku la GPT limatseka zonsezo. Chiwonetsero chonse chikuwonetsedwa mu skiritsi pansipa.
Izi zimatsiriza zambiri zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, izi ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito za gawo lirilonse, ndipo deta izi sizikhudzana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Ponena za kusankha GPT kapena MBR - mukhoza kuwerenga nkhani yathu ina, yomwe ikukambirana zosankha zomwe zili pansi pa Windows 7.
Onaninso: Sankhani dongosolo la disk la GPT kapena MBR kugwira ntchito ndi Windows 7
Ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti GPT ndi yabwino, ndipo m'tsogolomu, mulimonsemo, tidzasintha kuti tigwire ntchito ndi ogwira ntchitoyi.
Onaninso: Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa maginito disks ndi ma disks olimba?
Fanizani ZOKHUDZA NDI ZOKHALA
Kulankhula za zomangamanga za HDD, osatchula machitidwe a mafayilo omwe alipo. Inde, pali zambiri mwa iwo, koma tikufuna kukhala ndi mavoti a machitidwe awiri, omwe ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ngati makompyuta sangathe kudziwa mafayilo, foni yowonjezera imapeza mawonekedwe a RAW ndipo imasonyezedwa mu OS. Buku lokonzekera pa nkhaniyi likupezeka. Tikukupatsani kuti muwerenge zambiri za ntchitoyi pansipa.
Onaninso:
Njira zothetsera RAW mawonekedwe a HDD
Chifukwa chake makompyuta sakuwona diski yovuta
Mawindo
- FAT32. Microsoft yatsegula fayilo dongosolo ndi FAT, m'tsogolomu teknoloji iyi yakhala ikusintha zambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe atsopano tsopano ali FAT32. Chidziwikiritso chake chimakhala kuti sichikonzekera kusunga ndi kusunga mafayela akuluakulu, ndipo zidzakhalanso zovuta kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu aakulu. Komabe, FAT32 ndi chilengedwe chonse, ndipo popanga galimoto yowongoka, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kotero kuti maofesi osungidwa akhoza kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku TV iliyonse kapena osewera.
- NTFS. Microsoft inayambitsa NTFS kuti idzalowe m'malo mwa FAT32. Tsopano fayiloyi yothandizidwa ndi mawindo onse a Windows, kuyambira ndi XP, imagwiranso ntchito pa Linux, koma pa Mac OS mukhoza kuwerenga nkhaniyo, osalemba kanthu nkuchitika. NTFS imasiyanitsidwa ndi mfundo yakuti ilibe malire pa kukula kwa ma fayilo olembedwa, yakhala ikuthandizira kuthandizira machitidwe osiyanasiyana, kuthekera kwa kupanikizana magawo osamveka ndi kubwezeretsedwa mosavuta ndi zovulaza zosiyanasiyana. Maofesi ena onsewa ndi abwino kwambiri kwa mauthenga ang'onoang'ono ochotsedwera ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza m'mabwalo ovuta, kotero sitidzakambirana nawo m'nkhaniyi.
Linux
Tinachita nawo mawonekedwe a mafaili a Windows. Ndikufunanso kutchula mitundu yothandizira pa Linux OS, chifukwa imatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito. Linux imathandizira kugwira ntchito ndi mawindo onse a Windows, koma OS mwiniwake akulimbikitsidwa kuikidwa pazomwe zapangidwa kuti zitheke. Taonani mitundu yotsatirayi:
- Kupitiriza inakhala yoyamba mafayilo a Linux. Lili ndi zolephera zake, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa fayilo sikungapitirire 2 GB, ndipo dzina lake liyenera kukhala loyambira kuyambira 1 mpaka 255 zilembo.
- Ext3 ndi Ext4. Tinaphonya maulosi awiri apitali a Ext, chifukwa tsopano sali oyenera. Tidzangolankhula zamasinthidwe amasiku ano. Mbali ya mawonekedwe a fayiloyi ndi kuthandiza zinthu kumtunda umodzi wamtambo kukula, ngakhale kuti, pogwira ntchito pachiyambi chakale, Ext3 sichichirikiza zinthu zazikulu kuposa 2 GB. Chinthu chinanso ndi chithandizo chowerenga mapulogalamu olembedwa pa Windows. Kenaka panafika FS Ext4 yatsopano, yomwe inaloleza kusunga mafayilo mpaka 16 TB.
- Mpikisano waukulu wa Ext4 amaonedwa Xfs. Zopindulitsa zake ziri muzithunzithunzi zapadera zojambula, izo zimatchedwa "Kugawidwa kwa malo". Pamene deta imatumizidwa kuti ilembere, imayikidwa mu RAM ndipo imadikirira tsamba kuti lisungidwe mu disk space. Kusamukira ku HDD kumachitika pokhapokha pamene RAM ikutha kapena ikugwira ntchito zina. Zotsatira zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti agwirizanitse ntchito zing'onozing'ono muzinthu zazikulu ndikuchepetsa kugawidwa kwazitsulo.
Ponena za kusankha kwa fayilo ya maofesi a OS, munthu wamba amagwiritsa bwino ntchito kusankha njira yoyenera panthawi yokonza. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala Etx4 kapena XFS. Ogwiritsa ntchito kale kwambiri amagwiritsa ntchito FS pa zosowa zawo, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yake kuti achite ntchito.
Fayiloyi imasintha pambuyo pakuyendetsa galimotoyo, choncho izi ndizofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimangowonongetsa mafayilo, komanso kukonza mavuto alionse omwe amawoneka kapena kuwerenga. Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge nkhani yapadera yomwe ndondomeko yoyenera yojambula HDD ikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane.
Werengani zambiri: Kodi kupanga ma disk ndi momwe mungachitire molondola
Kuwonjezera apo, mawonekedwe a mafayilo amalumikizanitsa magulu a magawo m'magulu. Mtundu uliwonse umachita mosiyana ndipo umatha kugwira ntchito ndi ziwerengero zina zazomwe mukudziwa. Magulu amasiyana ndi kukula, ang'onoang'ono ali oyenerera kugwira ntchito ndi mafayilo ofunika, ndipo zazikulu zimakhala zopindulitsa kuti zisakhale zochepa.
Kugawikana kumachitika chifukwa cha kulembedwa kwina kwa deta. Pakapita nthawi, mafayilo ogawikana amakhala osungidwa m'zinthu zosiyana siyana za disk komanso kusokoneza mwatsatanetsatane amafunika kugawira malo awo ndikuwonjezeranso liwiro la HDD.
Werengani zambiri: Zonse zomwe mukufunikira kudziwa zokhudza vuto la disk
Pano pali zambiri zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pangani maofesi omwe ali ndi mafayilo ndikulemba nawo mbali. Komabe, lero tinayesera kuti tizingolankhula za zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito PC yemwe akufuna kufufuza dziko la zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Onaninso:
Kuvuta kwa disk kuchira. Kuyenda
Zotsatira zoopsa pa HDD
