Mu phukusi la Microsoft Office, pali pulogalamu yapadera yolenga database ndikugwira nawo ntchito - Kufikira. Ngakhale zili choncho, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito pazinthu izi ntchito yodziwika bwino - Excel. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pulogalamuyi ili ndi zida zonse zogwiritsira ntchito databases (DB). Tiyeni tipeze momwe tingachitire izi.
Chilengedwe
Ndalama ya Excel ndi ndondomeko ya chidziwitso chogawidwa m'mizere ndi mizere ya pepala.
Malinga ndi mawu otanthauzira apadera, maina a deta awo amatchulidwa "zolemba". Cholowa chirichonse chiri ndi chidziwitso chokhudza chinthu chimodzi.
Mizati imatchedwa "minda". Munda uliwonse uli ndi gawo losiyana la zolemba.
Izi ndizo, ndondomeko ya deta iliyonse ku Excel ndi tebulo nthawi zonse.
Kulengedwa kwazithunzi
Choncho, choyamba tiyenera kupanga tebulo.
- Lowetsani mutu wa masamba (zipilala) za deta.
- Ife timadzaza dzina la deta zolemba (mizera).
- Ife tikudzaza kudzaza deta.
- Pambuyo pazomwe deta ikudza, timapanga mauthenga omwe ali mmenemo mwa kuzindikira kwathu (mazenera, malire, kudzaza, kusankha, malemba pambali pa selo, etc.).
Izi zimatsiriza kulengedwa kwadongosolo.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire spreadsheet mu Excel
Kuika zida zachinsinsi
Kuti Excel azindikire tebulo osati monga maselo angapo, monga database, ayenera kupereka ziyeneretso zoyenera.
- Pitani ku tabu "Deta".
- Sankhani lonse la tebulo. Dinani botani lamanja la mouse. Mu menyu yachidule, dinani pa batani "Lembani dzina ...".
- Mu graph "Dzina" tchulani dzina limene tikufuna kutchula deta. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti dzina liyambe ndi kalata, ndipo pasakhale malo. Mu graph "Mtundu" Mukhoza kusintha adiresi ya dera, koma ngati mwasankha bwino, simukusowa kusintha pano. Mwasankha, mungathe kufotokozera zolemba pamtundu wina, koma izi ndizosankha. Zonse zitasintha, dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".
- Dinani pa batani Sungani " pamwamba pawindo kapena sungani njira yachinsinsi Ctrl + S, kuti muteteze deta yanu pa diski yovuta kapena mauthenga ochotsamo ogwirizana ndi PC.
Titha kunena kuti titatha kale tili ndi deta yolumikizidwa. N'zotheka kugwira nawo ntchito ngakhale momwe zilili tsopano, koma mwayi wambiri udzadulidwa. Pansipa tikufotokozera momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mazikowa kukhala ogwira ntchito.
Sakanizani ndi fyuluta
Kugwira ntchito ndi zolemba, poyamba, zimapereka mwayi wokonzekera, kusankha ndi kukonza zolemba. Tiyeni tigwirizane ntchitozi ku deta yathu.
- Sankhani zambiri za m'munda womwe tidzakonza. Dinani pa batani "Fufuzani" yomwe ili pamabatani mu tabu "Deta" mu chigawo cha zipangizo "Sankhani ndi kusefera".
Mitundu ingakhoze kuchitidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi parameter iliyonse:
- dzina lachilembo;
- tsiku;
- nambala, ndi zina zotero.
- Window yotsatira idzawoneka ngati ikufunsira ngati mungagwiritse ntchito malo omwe mwasankha kuti musankhe kapena mukulitsa. Sankhani kuwonjezereka kwapadera ndi dinani pa batani. "Sungani ...".
- Fayilo lamasinthidwe la mtundu limatsegulidwa. Kumunda "Sankhani" tchulani dzina la munda umene udzachitikire.
- Kumunda "Sungani" limafotokoza ndendende momwe zidzakhalire. Kuti mupeze database, njira yabwino ndiyo kusankha "Makhalidwe".
- Kumunda "Dongosolo" tchulani dongosolo lomwe mtunduwu udzasankhidwe. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidziwitso, malingaliro osiyana akuwonetsedwa pawindo ili. Mwachitsanzo, pa deta zamtundu, izi ndizofunika "Kuyambira A mpaka Z" kapena "Z kwa A", ndi kwa nambala - "Akukwera" kapena "Akukwera".
- Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti "Deta yanga ili ndi mutu" panali chongani. Ngati simukutero, ndiye kuti muyenera kuika.
Pambuyo pazigawo zonse zofunika, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
Pambuyo pake, zidziwitso zomwe zili mu deta zidzasankhidwa molingana ndi zolembazo. Pankhaniyi, tinasankha ndi mayina a antchito a malonda.
- Chimodzi mwa zida zabwino kwambiri pamene mukugwira ntchito mu mndandanda wa Excel ndi magalimoto osungira. Sankhani lonse lonse la deta ndikusungidwa "Sankhani ndi kusefera" dinani pa batani "Fyuluta".
- Monga mukuonera, zitatha izi, zithunzi zimapezeka m'ma maselo omwe ali ndi minda ngati mawonekedwe a katatu. Dinani pa chithunzi cha ndime yomwe mtengo umene tidzasakaniza. Muwindo lotseguka timachotsa zizindikiro zazitsulo kuchokera pazofunika, zomwe timabisala. Pambuyo pasankhidwayo, dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".
Monga mukuonera, patatha izi, mizere yomwe ili ndi mfundo zomwe tachotsa zizindikirozo zinabisika kuchokera patebulo.
- Pofuna kubwezeretsa deta yonse pulogalamuyo, dinani pazithunzi za ndime yomwe mudasankhidwa, ndipo muwindo lotseguka, yang'anani makalata onse kutsogolo kwa zinthu zonse. Kenaka dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Kuti muchotsere chosefera, dinani pa batani. "Fyuluta" pa tepi.
Phunziro: Sakanizani ndi kusinkhira deta mu Excel
Sakani
Ngati pali deta yayikulu, ndi yabwino kufufulira ndi thandizo la chida chapadera.
- Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku tabu "Kunyumba" ndi pa tepi mu chida cha zipangizo Kusintha pressani batani "Pezani ndi kuonetsa".
- Fulogalamu imatsegula momwe muyenera kufotokozera mtengo wofunikila. Pambuyo pake, dinani pa batani "Pezani zotsatira" kapena "Pezani Zonse".
- Pachiyambi choyamba, selo yoyamba yomwe ili ndi mtengo wapadera imakhala yogwira ntchito.
Pachifukwa chachiwiri, mndandanda wa maselo omwe ali ndi mtengo uwu umatsegulidwa.
Phunziro: Mungachite bwanji kufufuza mu Excel
Kulemba malo
Zokoma pamene mukupanga deta yolumikiza selo ndi dzina la zolemba ndi minda. Pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi maziko akuluakulu - ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri. Kupanda kutero, nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi nthawi yopitilira pepala kuti muwone mzere kapena ndime yomwe ikufanana ndi mtengo wapadera.
- Sankhani selo, dera limene lili pamwamba ndi lamanzere limene mukufuna kukonza. Adzakhala pansi pamunsi pamutu ndi kumanja kwa mayina olowera.
- Kukhala mu tab "Onani" dinani pa batani "Dinani m'dera"yomwe ili mu gulu la zida "Window". M'ndandanda wotsika pansi, sankhani mtengo "Dinani m'dera".
Tsopano maina a ma minda ndi ma rekodi adzakhala nthawi zonse patsogolo pa maso anu, ziribe kanthu kutalika kwake komwe mukupyola mu pepala la deta.
Phunziro: Kodi mungakonze bwanji malowa mu Excel
Lembetsani mndandanda
Kwazinthu zina za tebulo, zidzakhala zabwino kulumikiza mndandanda wotsika pansi kotero kuti ogwiritsa ntchito, powonjezera mauthenga atsopano, akhoza kufotokoza zigawo zina zokha. Izi ndi zoona, mwachitsanzo, pa munda "Paulo". Pambuyo pake, pangakhale zinthu ziwiri zokha: mwamuna ndi mkazi.
- Pangani mndandanda wowonjezera. Zosangalatsa kwambiri zidzaikidwa pa pepala lina. Mmenemo timafotokozera mndandanda wa zikhalidwe zomwe zidzawoneka mndandanda wotsika.
- Sankhani mndandandawu ndikusindikiza ndi batani lakumanja. Mu menyu imene ikuwonekera, sankhani chinthucho "Lembani dzina ...".
- Zenera zomwe tidziwa kale zimatsegula. Mu malo oyenerera, perekani dzina lathu, malinga ndi zomwe takambirana kale.
- Timabwerera ku pepala ndi deta. Sankhani mndandanda umene mndandanda wotsikawu udzagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pitani ku tabu "Deta". Timakanikiza batani "Verification Data"yomwe ili pa tepiyi mu zida za zipangizo "Kugwira ntchito ndi deta".
- Foni yowunika yowoneka bwino ikuwonekera. Kumunda Mtundu wa Deta " ikani kasinthasintha kuti muyime "Lembani". Kumunda "Gwero" ikani chizindikiro "=" ndipo mwamsanga pambuyo pake, popanda malo, lembani dzina la mndandanda wotsika pansi, umene tapatsidwa pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
Tsopano, pamene muyesa kulemba deta pamtanda momwe chiletsocho chinayikidwira, mndandanda udzawonekera momwe mungasankhe pakati pa machitidwe abwino.
Ngati mutayesa kulemba malemba osasinthasintha m'maselo awa, uthenga wolakwika udzawoneka. Muyenera kubweranso ndikulowa molondola.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire mndandanda wotsika pansi mu Excel
N'zoona kuti Excel ndi yochepa pamapangidwe ake apadera popanga zida. Komabe, ili ndi bukhu lothandizira lomwe nthawi zambiri limakhutiritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akufuna kupanga deta. Popeza kuti zochitika za Excel, poyerekezera ndi zofuna zapadera, zimadziwika ndi ogwiritsira ntchito bwino, ndiye pankhaniyi, chitukuko cha Microsoft chili ndi ubwino wina.
