Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mungapangire chinsinsi chokhazikika, ndi mfundo ziti zomwe muyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito pozikonza, momwe mungasunge puloseti ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wolowa mauthenga anu ndi ma akaunti.
Nkhaniyi ndi kupitiriza kwa mutu wakuti "Zomwe mungatumizire nambala yanu yachinsinsi" ndikutanthauza kuti mumadziŵa bwino nkhani zomwe zikufotokozedwa pamenepo, ndipo popanda izo, mukudziwa njira zonse zomwe mawu achinsinsi angawonongeke.
Pangani mapepala achinsinsi
Masiku ano, pamene mukulembetsa akaunti iliyonse ya intaneti, mukupanga neno lachinsinsi, nthawi zambiri mumawona chizindikiro cha mphamvu yachinsinsi. Pafupifupi kulikonse komwe kumagwira ntchito pamaziko a zifukwa ziwiri zotsatira: kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi; kukhalapo kwa anthu apadera, makalata akuluakulu ndi manambala mu mawu achinsinsi.
Ngakhale kuti izi ndizofunika kwambiri zokhudzana ndi mawu osokoneza bongo ndi mphamvu zopanda pake, mawu achinsinsi omwe amawoneka kuti ndi odalirika nthawi zonse sakhala odalirika. Mwachitsanzo, mawu achinsinsi monga "Pa $$ w0rd" (ndipo apa pali maina apadera ndi manambala) angakhale atasweka mofulumira - chifukwa chakuti (monga tafotokozera m'nkhani yapitayi) anthu samazipanga mapepala apadera (osachepera 50% yapasiwedi ndi apadera) ndipo njirayi ndiyomwe ilipo kale m'mabuku okhudzidwa omwe ali nawo.
Momwe mungakhalire? Njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito jenereta yachinsinsi (yomwe ilipo pa intaneti monga maofesi a intaneti, komanso maofesi ambiri a pakompyuta), kupanga mapepala achinsinsi osagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera. Kawirikawiri, mawu achinsinsi a anthu 10 kapena oposawo sangakhale okhudzidwa ndi owononga (mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu ake sangakonzedwenso kuti asankhe zosankha zotere) chifukwa choti ndalama sizilipira. Posachedwapa, jenereta yowonjezera yowonjezera yawonekera mu Google Chrome.
Mwa njira iyi, main drawback ndi yakuti mawu achinsinsiwa ndi ovuta kukumbukira. Ngati pali chofunikira kuti mutseke mawu achinsinsi pamutu mwanu, pali njira ina, motengera kuti mawu achinsinsi a malemba 10, omwe ali ndi zilembo zazikulu ndi zida zapadera, akuphwanyidwa ndi zikwi zikwi kapena zambiri (nambala yapadera imadalira khalidwe lololedwa), kuposa mawu achinsinsi a malembo 20, omwe ali ndi zilembo zachilatini zokhazokha (ngakhale ngati wotsutsa akudziwa za izi).
Choncho, mawu achinsinsi omwe ali ndi mawu osachepera 3-5 osasinthasintha a Chingerezi adzakhala ovuta kukumbukira komanso osatheka kuwombera. Ndipo titatha kulemba liwu lirilonse ndi kalata yaikulu, timapereka chiwerengero cha zosankhazo ku deti yachiwiri. Ngati izi ndi 3-5 mawu a Chirasha (kachiwiri, osasintha, koma osati maina ndi masiku) olembedwa mu Chingerezi machitidwe, lingaliro lopangidwira la njira zopambana zogwiritsira ntchito madikishonala posankha neno lachinsinsi likuchotsedwanso.
Palibenso njira yabwino yopangira mapepala achinsinsi: pali ubwino ndi zovuta m'njira zosiyanasiyana (zokhudzana ndi kutha kuzikumbukira, kudalirika ndi zina), koma mfundo zoyambirira ndi izi:
- Mawu achinsinsi ayenera kukhala ndi ziwerengero zowerengeka. Kuletsedwa kwachizolowezi lero ndi malemba 8. Ndipo izi si zokwanira ngati mukufuna chinsinsi chokhala ndi chinsinsi.
- Ngati n'kotheka, lembani anthu apadera, makalata apamwamba ndi apamwamba, manambala muphasiwedi.
- Musati muphatikize deta yanu yanu muphasiwedi yanu, ngakhale italembedwa m'njira zowoneka ngati zamzeru. Palibe masiku, mayina oyambirira ndi mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, kuswa mawu achinsinsi oimira tsiku lililonse la kalendala yamakono ya Julian kuyambira chaka cha 0 mpaka lero (monga 07/18/2015 kapena 18072015, ndi zina zotero) zimatenga masekondi mpaka maola (ndipo nthawi idzapezeka chifukwa cha kuchedwa pakati pa kuyesedwa kwa zifukwa zina).
Mukhoza kuona momwe mawu anu achinsinsi alili otetezeka pa webusaitiyi (ngakhale mutsegula mauthenga ena pa malo ena, makamaka opanda https, sizitetezeka kwambiri) //rumkin.com/tools/password/passchk.php. Ngati simukufuna kufufuza mawu anu achinsinsi, lowetsani zofanana (kuchokera ku chiwerengero chomwecho ndi anthu omwewo) kuti mupeze lingaliro la kudalirika kwake.
Pakutha kulowa malembawo, ntchitoyi ikulinganiza entropy (mwachidule, chiwerengero cha zosankha, kwa entropy ndi 10 bits, chiwerengero cha zosankha ndi 2 mpaka khumi mphamvu) kwachinsinsi chopatsidwa ndikupereka chidziwitso cha kudalirika kwa zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Ma passwords ndi entropy oposa 60 ndi osatheka kupasula ngakhale nthawi yosankhidwa.
Musagwiritse ntchito mapepala achinsinsi pa akaunti zosiyanasiyana.
Ngati muli ndi mawu achinsinsi ovuta, koma mumagwiritsa ntchito ngati kuli kotheka, zimakhala zosakhulupirika. Mukangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osungirako, mungakhale otsimikiza kuti ayesedwa nthawi yomweyo (mwachindunji, pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera) pa imelo ina yonse yotchuka, masewera, maubwenzi, komanso mwinamwake ngakhale mabanki a pa Intaneti (Njira zowonezera kuti mawu anu achinsinsi atchulidwa kale kumapeto kwa nkhani yapitayi).
Pulogalamu yapadera pa akaunti iliyonse ndi yovuta, ndizovuta, koma ndizofunika ngati nkhanizi zili zofunika kwa inu. Ngakhale, chifukwa cha zolembera zina zomwe zilibe phindu kwa inu (ndiko kuti, mwakonzeka kutaya nazo ndipo simungadandaule) ndipo mulibe zidziwitso zanu, simungadzipangitse ndi mapepala achinsinsi.
Zovomerezeka ziwiri
Ngakhale mawu achinsinsi amphamvu samatsimikizira kuti palibe amene angalowe mu akaunti yanu. Mungathe kuba mawu achinsinsi mwa njira imodzi (chinyengo, mwachitsanzo, monga mwachinthu chomwe mumakonda) kapena chichotseni.
Pafupifupi makampani onse ovuta pa intaneti kuphatikizapo Google, Yandex, Mail.ru, Facebook, Vkontakte, Microsoft, Dropbox, LastPass, Steam ndi ena posachedwapa adapatsa mphamvu zowonjezera mauthenga awo awiri (kapena awiri). Ndipo, ngati chitetezo chili chofunikira kwa inu, ndikukulimbikitsani kwambiri kuikidwa kwake.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zovomerezeka ziwiri ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi mautumiki osiyanasiyana, koma mfundo yayikulu ndi iyi:
- Pamene mutalowa mkati kuchokera ku chipangizo chosadziwika, mutalowa mawu oyenera, mukufunsidwa kuti muyesedwe.
- Kutsimikizira kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi khodi ya SMS, ntchito yapadera pa smartphone, pogwiritsira ntchito zida zosindikizidwa kale, uthenga wa E-mail, makina a zipangizo (njira yotsiriza ikuwonekera ku Google, kampaniyi ndi yabwino kwambiri pazinthu ziwiri).
Choncho, ngakhale kuti wotsutsayo aphunzira mawu anu achinsinsi, sangathe kulowetsa ku akaunti yanu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zanu, foni, kapena imelo.
Ngati simukumvetsa bwino momwe ziwonetsero ziwiri zimagwirira ntchito, ndikupangira kuwerenga nkhani pa intaneti yomwe yaperekedwa pa mutuwu kapena ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zoyenera kuchita pa malo omwe akugwiritsiridwa ntchito (Sindingathe kufotokoza mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino).
Kusungirako kwachinsinsi
Mauthenga apadera osiyana pa siteti iliyonse - zabwino, koma momwe angawasunge? N'zosatheka kuti mauthenga onsewa asungidwe m'maganizo. Kusunga mawu osungika mu osatsegula ndi ntchito yoopsa: iwo samangowonjezereka mosavuta, koma akhoza kutayika pokhapokha ngati pulogalamu ikuwonongeka komanso pamene kusinthika kukulephereka.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vutoli imakhala ngati oyang'anira mauthenga, makamaka kuimira mapulogalamu omwe amasungira deta yanu yonse yosungiramo chivundikiro (mwachinsinsi ndi pa intaneti), yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito chinsinsi chimodzi (mukhoza kutsimikizira mfundo ziwiri). Ndiponso, ambiri mwa mapulogalamuwa ali ndi zipangizo zowonjezera ndikuwonetsa kudalirika kwapasiwedi.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, ndalemba nkhani yapadera yonena za Best Password Managers (ndizofunika kulemba, koma inu mukhoza kudziwa zomwe ziri ndi mapulogalamu otchuka kuchokera mu nkhani). Ena amakonda njira zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, monga KeePass kapena 1Password, zomwe zimasunga mapepala onse pa chipangizo chanu, zina - zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu (LastPass, Dashlane).
Oyang'anira achinsinsi omwe amadziwika bwino amawoneka ngati njira yotetezeka komanso yodalirika yosunga. Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira zinthu zina:
- Kuti mupeze ma passwords anu onse muyenera kudziwa chimodzi chokha chinsinsi.
- Pankhani yowonongeka pa intaneti (mwinamwake mwezi wapitawo, ntchito yotchuka kwambiri yothandizira mawu, LastPass, inagwedezeka), muyenera kusintha ma passwords anu onse.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji zina mwachinsinsi zamapasiwedi? Nazi njira zingapo:
- Pamapepala muli otetezeka, mwayi womwe inu ndi achibale anu mudzakhala nawo (osati oyenera pa ma pwediwedi omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri).
- Mndandanda wachinsinsi wachinsinsi (mwachitsanzo, KeePass) yosungidwa pa chipangizo chosungiramo chosungiramo deta komanso chophatikizidwa kwinakwake ngati mutayika.
Malingaliro anga, kuphatikiza kopambana kwa zonse zomwe tatchula pamwambapa ndi njira yotsatirayi: mauthenga apamwamba kwambiri (makalata akuluakulu, omwe mungathe kuwombola ma akaunti ena, mabanki, ndi zina zotero) amasungidwa pamutu ndi (kapena) pamapepala pamalo otetezeka. Zopanda phindu ndipo, panthawi imodzimodzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ziyenera kupatsidwa kwa oyang'anira achinsinsi.
Zowonjezera
Ndikuyembekeza kuti kuphatikiza ziganizo ziwiri zapasiwedi kwa ena mwawathandiza kuzindikira mbali zina za chitetezo chomwe simunaganize. Zoonadi, sindinaganizire zonse zomwe mungathe kuchita, koma malingaliro osavuta komanso kumvetsetsa kwa mfundozi kudzandithandiza kudziŵa momwe mukuchitira panthawi inayake. Apanso, ena amatchulidwa ndi mfundo zina zoonjezera:
- Gwiritsani mapepala osiyana pa malo osiyana.
- Mauthenga achinsinsi ayenera kukhala ovuta, chovuta kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera zovuta powonjezera kutalika kwa mawu achinsinsi.
- Musagwiritse ntchito deta yanu (yomwe mungathe kupeza) pamene mukupanga mawu achinsinsi, malemba ake, mafunso oyesa kuti apeze.
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira zowonjezera ziwiri ngati n'kotheka.
- Pezani njira yabwino yosunga mapasipoti anu otetezeka.
- Samalani ndi phishing (onetsetsani maadiresi a malo, kupezeka kwa encryption) ndi mapulogalamu aukazitape. Kulikonse kumene akufunsidwa kuti alowemo mawu achinsinsi, onetsetsani ngati mukulowera pa malo abwino. Onetsetsani kuti palibe pulogalamu yaumbanda pa kompyuta.
- Ngati n'kotheka, musagwiritse ntchito mapepala anu pa makompyuta a munthu wina (ngati kuli kotheka, chitani muzithunzithunzi za osatsegula, kapena bwino, gwiritsani ntchito makina owonetsera), pamakonde otsegula a Wi-Fi, makamaka ngati mulibe https encryption pamene mutsegula pa tsamba .
- Mwina simungagwiritse ntchito mapepala achinsinsi pa intaneti kapena pa intaneti.
Chinachake chonga icho. Ndikuganiza kuti ndatha kukweza digiri ya paranoia. Ndikumvetsa kuti zambiri mwazomwezi zikuwoneka zosokoneza, ndikuganiza kuti, "bwino, zidzandipitirira", koma chifukwa chokhalira waulesi mukamatsatira malamulo osavuta oteteza kusungidwa kwachinsinsi kungakhale kusowa kwake komanso kukonzekera kwanu kuti ilo lidzakhala katundu wa magawo atatu.
