Debian ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito ndi imodzi mwa magawo oyambirira omwe amachokera ku kernel ya Linux. Chifukwa chaichi, njira yowonjezera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri omwe asankha kudzidziwitsa okha ndi dongosolo lino zingawoneke zovuta. Pofuna kupewa mavuto alionse, ndibwino kutsatira ndondomeko yomwe idzaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Onaninso: Maofesi ambiri a Linux
Sakani Debian 9
Musanayambe kuika Debian 9 molunjika, ndibwino kuti musakonzekere. Choyamba, onetsetsani zofunikira za dongosolo lino. Ngakhale sichikufuna mphamvu za makompyuta, kuti tipewe kusagwirizana, ndi bwino kuyendera webusaitiyi, pamene zonse zifotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Konzani 4GB flash drive, chifukwa popanda izo simungathe kuika OS pa kompyuta.
Onaninso: Kupititsa patsogolo Debian 8 mpaka tsamba 9
Gawo 1: Sungani kufalitsa
Koperani Debian 9 ndizofunikira kuchokera pa webusaitiyi ya webusaitiyi, izi zidzakuthandizani kuti musatengere kompyuta yanu ndi kachilombo ndi zolakwika pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito OS.
Sungani tsamba laposachedwa la Debian 9 OS pa tsamba lovomerezeka.
- Pitani ku tsamba lojambula zithunzi la OS pazilumikizidwe pamwamba.
- Dinani pa chiyanjano "Zithunzi Zovomerezeka za Stable Release CD / DVD".
- Kuchokera pa mndandanda wa zithunzi za CD, sankhani machitidwe omwe akukugwirani.
Dziwani: pa makompyuta okhala ndi mapulogalamu 64-bit, tsatirani chiyanjano "amd64", ndi 32-bit - "i386".
- Patsamba lotsatira, pindani pansi ndikudumpha pazowonjezera ndizowonjezereka ISO.
Izi ziyamba kuyambanso chithunzi cha kufalitsa kwa Debian 9. Pambuyo pomaliza, pitirizani kuntchito yotsatirayi.
Gawo 2: Yambani chithunzichi kuzinthu zofalitsa
Pokhala ndi chithunzi chololedwa pa kompyuta yanu, muyenera kupanga galimoto yotsegula ya USB yojambulidwa ndi iyo kuti muyambe kompyuta nayo. Kukonzekera kwake kungayambitse mavuto ambiri kwa munthu wamba, kotero ndibwino kuti tifike ku malangizo pa webusaiti yathu.
Werengani zambiri: Kuwotcha Chithunzi cha OS ku USB Flash Drive
Khwerero 3: Kuyambira kompyuta kuchokera pa galimoto yowonetsa
Mukakhala ndi galimoto yojambulidwa ndi chithunzi cha Debian 9 chomwe chili pa izo, muyenera kuziyika pa doko la kompyuta ndi kuyamba pomwepo. Kuti muchite izi, lowetsani BIOS ndikupanga zina. Mwamwayi, malangizo a chilengedwe chonse, koma pa webusaiti yathuyi mukhoza kudziwa zonse zofunika.
Zambiri:
Kukonzekera BIOS kuthamanga kuchokera pa galimoto yopanga
Pezani ndondomeko ya BIOS
Khwerero 4: Yambani Kuyika
Kuika Debian 9 kumayambira kuchokera ku menyu akuluakulu a fanolo, pamene mwangoyenera kumatula pa chinthucho "Zithunzi zojambula".
Pambuyo pake padzachitika dongosolo la tsogolo lomwelo, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Sankhani chinenero choyikira. M'ndandanda, fufuzani chinenero chanu ndi kudinkhani "Pitirizani". Nkhaniyi idzasankha Chirasha, inu mumachita mwanzeru.
- Lowani malo anu. Mwachibadwidwe, mumapatsidwa chisankho kuchokera kumayiko amodzi kapena ochuluka (malingana ndi chinenero chosankhidwa kale). Ngati chinthu chofunika sichilembedwa, dinani pa chinthucho. "zina" ndipo sankhani kuchokera pandandanda, kenako dinani "Pitirizani".
- Fotokozerani makanemawo. Kuchokera pa mndandanda, sankhani chinenero chimene chidzagwirizana ndi chosasintha, ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
- Sankhani kuwotcha, pambuyo polimbikitsako, chilankhulo chidzasintha. Zonse zimadalira zofuna zanu - zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndikuzisankha.
- Yembekezani kuti muzitsatira ndi kukhazikitsa zigawo zina zowonjezera. Mukhoza kutsata chitukuko mwa kuyang'ana chizindikiro chofanana.
- Lowani dzina la kompyuta yanu. Ngati mungagwiritse ntchito PC yanu panyumba, sankhani dzina lililonse ndipo dinani batani. "Pitirizani".
- Lowani dzina la mayina. Mukhoza kungosiyiratu opaleshoniyi mwa kukanikiza batani. "Pitirizani"ngati kompyuta idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.
- Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi, ndipo kenako tsimikizani. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mawu achinsinsi angakhale ndi khalidwe limodzi lokha, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kuti anthu osaloledwa asagwirizane ndi zinthu zanu. Mutatha kulowa makina "Pitirizani".
Chofunika: musachoke m'minda mulibe kanthu, mwinamwake inu nokha simungathe kugwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zimafuna ufulu wopambana.
- Lowani dzina lanu.
- Lowani dzina la akaunti yanu. Onetsetsani kuti mukukumbukira izi, chifukwa nthawi zina zidzakhala ngati kulowa polojekiti yomwe ikufuna ufulu woposa.
- Lowani mawu achinsinsi ndi kutsimikizira izo, kenako dinani "Pitirizani". Adzafunikanso kulowa pakompyuta.
- Sankhani nthawi yamakono.
Pambuyo pazimenezi, kukonzekera koyambirira kwa kachitidwe kameneko kungakhale koyenera. Wowonjezerayo adzakonza pulogalamu ya disk kugawa mbali ndikuiwonetsera pazenera.
Zotsatirazi ndi ntchito yapadera ndi diski ndi magawo ake, omwe amafuna kufufuza zambiri.
Khwerero 5: Kuika Disk
Pulogalamu ya kulemba ma disks mudzapatsidwa moni ndi menyu omwe muyenera kusankha njira yopezera. Pa zonse, mungathe kusankha awiri okha: "Gwiritsani ntchito mogwiritsa ntchito disk zonse" ndi "Buku". Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe mwatsatanetsatane aliyense payekha.
Chokhazikika disk partitioning
Njirayi ndi yangwiro kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe safuna kumvetsa zovuta zonse za disk layout. Koma posankha njirayi, mumavomereza kuti zonse zomwe zili pa diski zidzachotsedwa. Choncho, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito ngati disk ilibe kanthu kapena mafayilo omwe ali pa iyo si ofunikira kwa inu.
Choncho, kuti muthe kugawa disk, pangani zotsatirazi:
- Sankhani "Gwiritsani ntchito mogwiritsa ntchito disk zonse" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
- Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani diski imene OS idzayikamo. Pankhaniyi, ndi imodzi yokha.
- Sungani dongosolo. Kusankha kudzapatsidwa njira zitatu. Zolinga zonse zikhoza kudziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa chitetezo. Choncho, kusankha chinthu "Gawani zigawo za / kunyumba, / var ndi / tmp", iwe ndiwe wotetezedwa kwambiri kuthamangira kunja. Kwa munthu wamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kusankha chinthu chachiwiri kuchokera mndandanda - "Kusiyana kugawa kwa / nyumba".
- Pambuyo poyang'ana mndandanda wa zigawo zolengedwa, sankhani mzere "Malizitsani kulemba ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
Pambuyo pazitsulo izi, njira yowonjezera idzayamba, itangomaliza, mutha kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Debian 9. Koma nthawizina kujambula kagawidwe kotsutsana sikugwirizana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, kotero muyenera kuchichita mwadongosolo.
Tsambalo la disk la Buku
Kugawa mwadongosolo disk ndibwino chifukwa mukhoza kupanga magawo onse omwe mukufunikira ndikusintha aliyense kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zanu. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:
- Kukhala pawindo "Njira Yokonzera"sankhani mzere "Buku" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
- Sankhani ma TV omwe Debian 9 adaikidwa kuchokera pandandanda.
- Gwirizanitsani kulengedwa kwa tebulo logawanika poika chosinthika "Inde" ndi kupanikiza batani "Pitirizani".
Dziwani: ngati magawo adalengedwa pa diski kapena muli ndi kachiwiri kachitidwe kawunikira ,windo ili lidzasesedwa.
Pambuyo pokonza tebulo latsopano, m'pofunika kusankha ndendende zomwe mungapange. Nkhaniyi idzapereka ndondomeko yotsatanetsatane ndi chiwerengero cha chitetezo, chomwe chili chabwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri. M'munsimu mungathe kuona zitsanzo zina zosankha.
- Sankhani mzere "Free Space" ndipo dinani pa batani "Pitirizani".
- Sankhani pawindo latsopano "Pangani gawo latsopano".
- Tchulani kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira komwe mukufuna kugawa kuti muzuwe gawo, ndipo dinani "Pitirizani". Tikulimbikitsidwa kufotokozera osachepera 15 GB.
- Sankhani zoyambirira mtundu wa magawo atsopano, ngati kuwonjezera pa Debian 9 simudzayika njira zina zoyendetsera ntchito. Apo ayi, sankhani zomveka.
- Kuti mupeze gawo la mizu, sankhani "Yambani" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
- Ikani zoyimira zogawa mizu mwa kufanana ndi chitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa mu fano.
- Sankhani mzere "Kuyika gawoli kwatha" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
Gawo la mizu linalengedwa, tsopano pangani magawo osintha. Kwa izi:
- Bweretsani mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira za malangizo oyambirira kuti muyambe kupanga gawo latsopano.
- Tchulani kuchuluka kwa chikumbutso chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa RAM yanu.
- Monga nthawi yotsiriza, dziwani mtundu wa magawo malinga ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo. Ngati pali zoposa zinayi, sankhani "Zolingalira"ngati zochepa - "Mkulu".
- Ngati mwasankha mtundu waukulu wa magawo, muzenera yotsatira musankhe mzere "Mapeto".
- Dinani kawiri batani lamanzere (LMB) "Gwiritsani ntchito monga".
- Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani "Swap Section".
- Dinani pa mzere "Kuyika gawoli kwatha" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
Zigawo zazu ndi zosinthana zakhazikitsidwa, zimangokhala zokhazikitsa pakhomo. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malangizo awa:
- Yambani kupanga chigawo mwa kugawira malo onse otsalawo ndi kuzindikira mtundu wake.
- Ikani magawo onse molingana ndi chithunzi pansipa.
- Dinani kawiri pa LMB "Kuyika gawoli kwatha".
Tsopano malo onse omasuka pa hard disk anu ayenera kupatsidwa magawo. Pazenera muyenera kuona zinthu monga zotsatirazi:
Kwa inu, kukula kwa gawo lirilonse lingasinthe.
Izi zimamaliza kukonza disk, kotero sankhani mzere "Malizitsani kulemba ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
Zotsatira zake, mudzapatsidwa lipoti lofotokozera zonse zomwe zasintha. Ngati zinthu zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zachitika kale, sankhani kusintha "Inde" ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
Njira zina zosokoneza disk
Pamwambayi anapatsidwa malangizo onena momwe mungayankhire chitetezo chachisokonezo cha disk. Mungagwiritse ntchito china. Tsopano padzakhala zosankha ziwiri.
Chitetezo chofooka (changwiro kwa oyamba kumene akufuna kungodziwa ndi dongosolo):
- Gawo # 1 - magawo a mizu (15 GB);
- Gawo # 2 - kusinthanitsa magawo (kuchuluka kwa RAM).
Kutetezedwa kwakukulu (koyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito OS monga seva):
- Gawo # 1 - magawo a mizu (15 GB);
- gawo # 2 - / boot ndi parameter ro (20 MB);
- Gawo # 3 - kusinthanitsa magawo (kuchuluka kwa RAM);
- gawo # 4 - / tmp ndi magawo nsalu, nodev ndi noexec (1-2 GB);
- gawo # 5 - / val / log ndi parameter noexec (500 MB);
- gawo # 6 - / nyumba ndi magawo noexec ndi nodev (malo otsalira).
Monga mukuonera, m'chigawo chachiwiri, muyenera kupanga magawo ambiri, koma mutatha kukhazikitsa machitidwe, mudzakhala otsimikiza kuti palibe amene angalowe mkati mwake.
Gawo 6: Malizitsani kukonza
Mwamsanga mutangomaliza malangizo omwe adayambe, kukhazikitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu za Debian 9 kumayambira. Njirayi ikhoza kutenga nthawi yaitali.
Pambuyo pomalizidwa, muyenera kukhazikitsa magawo angapo kuti mutsirize dongosolo lonse loyendetsa.
- Muwindo loyambali la ma kasayendedwe a ma phukusi, sankhani "Inde", ngati muli ndi disk yowonjezera ndi zigawo zowonongeka, kopanda apo, dinani "Ayi" ndipo dinani pa batani "Pitirizani".
- Sankhani dziko limene galasi la dongosolo la archives likupezeka. Izi ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane wa zigawo zina zowonjezera ndi mapulogalamu.
- Sankhani galasi la Debian 9 archive. Chosankha chabwino chidzakhala "ftp.ru.debian.org".
Zindikirani: ngati munasankha dziko linalake lazenera, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa "ru" mu adiresi, kondomu ina idzawonetsedwa.
- Dinani batani "Pitirizani", ngati simungagwiritse ntchito seva yowonjezerapo, musayambe kuwonetsa adiresi yake pambali yoyenera kuikapo.
- Yembekezani kuti muzitsatira ndi kukhazikitsa zina zowonjezera mapulogalamu ndi machitidwe.
- Yankhani funso ngati mukufuna kuti pulogalamuyi itumize ziwerengero zosadziwika kwa omasulira omwe akugwiritsa ntchito phukusi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamlungu.
- Sankhani kuchokera m'ndandanda wa maofesi omwe mukufuna kuwona, ndi mapulogalamu ena. Mukasankha, dinani "Pitirizani".
- Yembekezani mpaka zigawo zosankhidwa muwindo lapitazo zimasulidwa ndikuyikidwa.
Zindikirani: njira yokwaniritsira ntchito ikhoza kukhala yaitali - zonse zimadalira pawindo la intaneti ndi mphamvu ya purosesa.
- Perekani chilolezo cha kuika GRUB ku record master boot posankha "Inde" ndi kudumpha "Pitirizani".
- Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani galimoto yomwe GRUB bootloader idzakhala. Ndikofunika kuti ikhale pa diski yomweyi yomwe ntchitoyi imayikidwa.
- Dinani batani "Pitirizani"kuyambanso kompyuta yanu ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Debian 9 yatsopano.
Monga mukuonera, pa kukhazikitsa kwa dongosololi kwatha. Pambuyo poyambanso PC, mudzatengedwera ku menyu ya GRUB bootloader, momwe muyenera kusankha OS ndi kudinkhani Lowani.
Kutsiliza
Mukamaliza masitepe onsewa, mutha kuona Debian 9 desktop.Ngati izi sizichitika, pendani zinthu zonse muzondomeko zowonjezerapo ndipo ngati pali zosagwirizana ndi zochita zanu, yesetsani kuyambitsa ndondomeko ya kusungirako OS kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira.
