Kwenikweni kwa bungwe lirilonse la malonda, chinthu chofunikira pa ntchitoyi ndi kuphatikiza mndandanda wamtengo wa katundu kapena mautumiki operekedwa. Zitha kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Koma, zosadabwitsa kwa anthu ena, izi zingawoneke kuti ndi imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zosavuta kupanga pulogalamu yamtengo wapatali pogwiritsira ntchito tsamba la Microsoft Excel. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndondomekoyi mu pulogalamuyi.
Njira yokhala ndi mndandanda wamtengo
Mndandanda wamtengo ndi tebulo limene dzina la katundu (mautumiki) operekedwa ndi kampani likusonyezedwa, kufotokoza kwawo mwachidule (nthawi zina), ndipo ndithudi mtengo. Ma specimens apamwamba kwambiri ali ndi zithunzi za katundu. Poyamba, mwachizolowezi, nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito dzina lina lofanana - mndandanda wamtengo. Poganizira kuti Microsoft Excel ndi pulosesa yamphamvu kwambiri, kupanga matebulo oterowo sayenera kuyambitsa mavuto. Komanso, mothandizidwa mungathe kukonza mndandanda wamtengo wapatali kwambiri pa nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Njira 1: Mndandanda Wofunika Wamtengo Wapatali
Choyamba, tiyeni tione chitsanzo chopanga mndandanda wamtengo wapatali popanda zithunzi ndi deta yowonjezera. Zidzakhala ndi zipilala ziwiri zokha: dzina la mankhwala ndi mtengo wake.
- Perekani dzina la mndandanda wa mtengo wamtsogolo. Dzinali liyenera kukhala ndi dzina lenileni la bungwe kapena malo ogulitsira mankhwala omwe amapangidwa.
Dzina liyenera kuyima ndikugwira diso. Kulembetsa kungapangidwe mwa mawonekedwe a chithunzi kapena chizindikiro chowala. Popeza tili ndi mtengo wosavuta, tidzasankha njira yachiwiri. Choyamba, mu selo lakumanzere la mzere wachiwiri wa pepala la Excel, timalemba dzina la chikalata chomwe tikugwira nawo. Timachita izi mozama, ndiko kuti, mu makalata akuluakulu.
Monga momwe mukuonera, pamene dzinali ndi "lofiira" ndipo silinakhazikitsidwe, kuyambira pakati, kwenikweni, palibe chiyanjano ndi zomwe. "Thupi" la mndandanda wamtengowu siikonzeka. Kotero, pamapeto a dzina ife tidzabwerera mtsogolo.
- Pambuyo pa dzinali, tikudutsa mzere wina ndi mzere wotsatira wa pepala amasonyeza maina a ndondomeko zamtengo wapatali. Tiyeni titchule chigawo choyamba "Dzina la Zamalonda", ndi yachiwiri - "Ndalama, sungani.". Ngati ndi kotheka, timayesa malire a maselo, ngati mayina a mayina apitirira kuposa iwo.
- Pa gawo lotsatirali, timadzaza mndandanda wamtengo ndi chidziwitso chokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'mizere yoyenera timalemba maina a katundu amene bungwe limagulitsa ndi mtengo wawo.
- Ndiponso, ngati maina a katunduyo akupita mopitirira malire a maselo, timawaonjezera, ndipo ngati mainawo ndi otalika kwambiri, ndiye kuti timapanga seloyo kuti titha kusuntha ndi mawu. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani mapepala kapena gulu la zinthu zomwe tidzasinthidwa ndi mawu. Dinani botani lamanja la mouse, motero muyitanitse mndandanda wa masewera. Sankhani malo mmenemo "Sungani maselo ...".
- Fesitimu yokongoletsa ikuyamba. Pitani kwa izo mu tab "Kugwirizana". Kenaka fufuzani bokosi "Onetsani" pafupi ndi parameter "Tsatirani ndi mawu". Timakanikiza batani "Chabwino" pansi pazenera.
- Monga momwe mukuonera, mutatha mayina a mankhwalawa mumndandanda wamtengo wapatali amasunthidwa ndi mawu, ngati sakuyikidwa mu danga lomwe lapatsidwa pazigawozi.
- Tsopano, kuti wogula apite bwino kuyenda mizere, mukhoza kukokera malire pa tebulo lathu. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani lonse lonse la tebulo ndikupita ku tabu "Kunyumba". Mu chidutswa cha zipangizo pa tepi "Mawu" pali batani omwe amachititsa zojambula malire. Timakani pa chithunzichi mwa mawonekedwe a katatu kumanja kwake. Mndandanda wa zonse zomwe mungathe kusankha malire. Sankhani chinthu "Malire Onse".
- Monga mukuonera, patatha izi, mndandanda wamtengo wapatsidwa malire ndipo n'zosavuta kuyendamo.
- Tsopano tikufunika kuwonjezera mtundu wachikulire ndi malemba a chilembacho. Palibe malamulo okhwima mu ndondomekoyi, koma pali malamulo omwe sali olembedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya mndandanda ndi chiyambi zimayenera kufanana wina ndi mzake momwe zingathere kuti makalata asagwirizane ndi maziko. Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofanana mu kapangidwe ka maziko ndi malemba ndipo sikuvomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yofanana. Pachifukwa chotsatira, makalatawo adzaphatikizidwa kwathunthu ndipo sangathe kuwerengeka. Tilimbikitsanso kuti musagwiritse ntchito mitundu yoopsa yomwe imadula maso.
Kotero, gwiritsani batani lamanzere lachitsulo ndikusankha lonse lonse la tebulo. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kutenga mzere wopanda kanthu pansi pa tebulo ndi pamwamba pake. Chotsatira, pitani ku tabu "Kunyumba". M'kati mwa zipangizo "Mawu" pali chithunzi pa riboni "Lembani". Timakani pa katatu, komwe kuli kumanja kwake. Mndandanda wa mitundu yomwe ilipo imatsegulidwa. Sankhani mtundu umene timaganiza kuti uli woyenera pa mndandanda wamtengo.
- Monga mukuonera, mtundu wasankhidwa. Tsopano, ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kusintha mndandanda. Kuti tichite izi, timasankhiranso ma tebulo, koma nthawi ino popanda dzina. M'mabuku omwewo "Kunyumba" mu gulu la zida "Mawu" pali batani "Malembo Olemba". Dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwake. Mofanana ndi nthawi yotsiriza, mndandanda umatsegulidwa ndi kusankha kwa mitundu, nthawi ino yokha. Sankhani mtundu molingana ndi zomwe mumakonda komanso malamulo osagwirizana omwe takambirana pamwambapa.
- Apanso, sankhani zonse zomwe zili mu tebulo. Mu tab "Kunyumba" mu chigawo cha zipangizo "Kugwirizana" dinani pa batani "Gwirizanitsani Chigawo".
- Tsopano muyenera kuchita mayina a zipilala. Sankhani zinthu za pepala zomwe zili nazo. Mu tab "Kunyumba" mu block "Mawu" pa kachipani dinani pa chithunzi "Bold" mwa mawonekedwe a kalata "F". Mukhozanso kutanthauzira zotentha m'malo mwake. Ctrl + B.
- Tsopano ife tibwerere ku dzina la mndandanda wamtengo. Choyamba, tidzakonza malowa pakati. Sankhani zinthu zonse za pepala zomwe ziri mu mzere wofanana ndi mutu mpaka kumapeto kwa tebulo. Dinani kusankhidwa ndi batani lamanja la mouse. Mu menyu yachidule, sankhani chinthucho "Sungani maselo ...".
- Mawindo a mawonekedwe omwe tidziwa kale amatsegula. Pitani ku tabu "Kugwirizana". Mu bokosi lokhalamo "Kugwirizana" malo otseguka "Mwachilendo". Sankhani chinthu m'ndandanda "Kusankha kwa pakati". Pambuyo pake, kuti mupulumuke zoikamo, dinani pa batani "Chabwino" pansi pazenera.
- Monga mukuonera, tsopano dzina la mndandanda wamtengo uli pakatikati pa tebulo. Koma tikufunikirabe kugwira ntchito. Iyenera kuwonjezera pang'ono kukula kwa mausayina ndikusintha mtundu. Sankhani maselo omwe dzina lawo laikidwa. Mu tab "Kunyumba" mu block "Mawu" Dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa chithunzi "Kukula kwake". Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani kukula kwa ma foni. Ziyenera kukhala zazikulu kusiyana ndi zinthu zina za pepala.
- Pambuyo pake, mukhoza kupanga mtundu wa maonekedwe a dzina kusiyana ndi mtundu wa maonekedwe a zinthu zina. Timachita izi mofanana ndi momwe tinasinthira dongosololi pazomwe zili mu tebulo, ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito chida "Mtundu Wowonjezera" pa tepi.
Pa izi tikhoza kuganiza kuti mndandanda wamtengo wapatali ndi wokonzeka kusindikiza pa osindikiza. Koma, ngakhale kuti zolembedwazo n'zosavuta, wina sanganene kuti zikuwoneka zovuta kapena zopanda pake. Choncho, kupanga kwake sikuwopsyeza makasitomala kapena makasitomala. Koma, ndithudi, ngati akukhumba, maonekedwe angawoneke bwino mpaka pafupifupi.
Zomwe tikuphunzira pa mutuwo:
Kupanga ma tebulo a Excel
Mungasindikize tsamba mu Excel
Njira 2: Pangani mndandanda wa mtengo ndi zithunzi zonse
M'ndandanda wamtengo wapatali kwambiri pafupi ndi mayina a katunduyo ndi zithunzi zomwe zikuwonekera. Izi zimathandiza wogula kupeza lingaliro labwino la mankhwala. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zingakwaniritsire.
- Choyamba, tifunika kale kupanga zithunzi zogulitsa zomwe zasungidwa pa diski yochuluka ya kompyuta kapena pazinthu zowonongeka zogwirizana ndi PC. Ndikofunika kuti iwo ali malo amodzi, osatambasulidwa mu makina osiyana. Pachifukwa chotsatira, ntchitoyi imakhala yovuta, ndipo nthawi yothetsera vutoli idzawonjezeka kwambiri. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga dongosolo.
- Ndiponso, mosiyana ndi tebulo lapitalo, mndandanda wamtengo ungakhale wovuta kwambiri. Ngati mwa njira yapitayi dzina la mtundu wa mankhwala ndi chitsanzo chawo zinali mu selo imodzi, ndiye tsopano tiwagawane iwo muzitsulo ziwiri zosiyana.
- Kenaka, tifunika kusankha kuti chigawo chiti chidzakhala zithunzi za katundu. Pachifukwa ichi, mukhoza kuwonjezera ndime kumanzere kwa gome, koma zingakhale zomveka ngati chithunzi ndi zithunzi zili pakati pa zizindikiro ndi dzina la mtengo ndi mtengo wa katundu. Kuti muwonjezere ndime yatsopano pamphindi wosakanikirana, panikizani pa gawo limene aderesi yanu ilipo "Mtengo". Pambuyo pake, ndime yonseyo iyenera kusankhidwa. Ndiye pitani ku tabu "Kunyumba" ndipo dinani pa batani Sakanizaniyomwe ili mu chida chogwiritsa ntchito "Maselo" pa tepi.
- Monga mukuonera, pambuyo pake kumanzere kwa ndimeyo "Mtengo" gawo lopanda kanthu lidzawonjezedwa. Ife timamupatsa iye dzina, mwachitsanzo "Chithunzi cha Zamalonda".
- Zitatero pitani ku tab "Ikani". Dinani pazithunzi "Kujambula"zomwe ziri pa tepi mu chida cha zipangizo "Mafanizo".
- Chithunzi chotsekera chithunzi chimatsegulidwa. Pitani ku zolemba kumene zithunzi zosankhidwiratu zogula zilipo. Sankhani chithunzi chomwe chikugwirizana ndi dzina loyamba. Dinani pa batani Sakanizani pansi pazenera.
- Pambuyo pake, chithunzichi chimayikidwa pa pepala mu kukula kwake. Mwachibadwa, tifunika kuchepetsa kuti tigwirizane ndi selo la kukula kovomerezeka. Kuti muchite izi, pitirirani kuima pambali zosiyanasiyana za fano. Mtolowo umatembenuzidwa kukhala bwalo la bidirectional. Gwiritsani botani lamanzere la mchenga ndi kukokera chithunzithunzi pakati pa chithunzichi. Timapanga ndondomeko yofanana ndi malire onse, mpaka zojambula zimatenga miyeso yovomerezeka.
- Tsopano tikufunika kusinthitsa kukula kwa selo, chifukwa pakali pano kutalika kwa selo ndi kochepa kuti tilingane ndi chithunzicho molondola. M'lifupi, mwachisawawa, timatikhutiritsa. Tidzakonza zinthu zazitali za pepala kuti kutalika kwake kukhale kufanana ndi m'lifupi. Kwa ichi muyenera kudziwa kufunika kwa m'lifupi.
Kuti muchite izi, ikani cholozera pamphepete mwachindunji. "Chithunzi cha Zamalonda" pazitsulo zosakanikirana. Pambuyo pake, gwiritsani batani lamanzere. Monga mukuonera, magawo onsewa akuwonetsedwa. Choyamba, m'lifupili amasonyezedwa m'zigawo zina zosasinthasintha. Sitimayang'anitsitsa phindu ili, popeza chigawo ichi chokwanira ndi msinkhu sichigwirizana. Timayang'ana ndi kukumbukira chiwerengero cha ma pixelini, omwe amasonyezedwa mabokosi. Mtengo uwu uli ponseponse, onse m'lifupi ndi kutalika.
- Tsopano muyenera kukhazikitsa kukula kofanana kwa maselo monga momwe adanenera m'lifupi. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani chithunzithunzi pazowunikira zowonongeka ndi batani lamanzere lomwe likugwedezeka, mizere ija ya tebulo yomwe iyenera kukulitsidwa.
- Pambuyo pake, pazithunzi zofanana zowonongeka, timakhala pamtunda wapansi wa mizere yonse yosankhidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, thumbalo liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mzere umodzi womwewo, umene tawona pazowonongeka. Gwiritsani batani lamanzere la mchenga ndi kukokera pansi. Kokani mpaka kutalika kufika pa kukula kwa pixel komwe kuli kwakukulu. Pambuyo pofikira phindu limeneli, nthawi yomweyo kumasula batani.
- Monga mukuonera, patapita izi, kutalika kwa mizere yonse yosankhidwa kunakula, ngakhale kuti tikukoka malire a chimodzi mwa iwo. Tsopano maselo onse a m'ndandanda "Chithunzi cha Zamalonda" khalani ndi mawonekedwe apakati.
- Kenaka, tifunika kuyika chithunzi, chomwe tidaikapo pa pepala, m'mbali yoyamba "Chithunzi cha Zamalonda". Kuti tichite izi, timayendetsa phokoso pamwamba pake ndikugwiritsira ntchito batani lamanzere. Kenaka kukoka chithunzi ku selo lolunjika ndikuyika chithunzi pa icho. Inde, ichi si kulakwitsa. Chithunzi mu Excel chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa pepala, ndipo sichiyenera.
- N'zosakayikitsa kuti padzakhala kuti kukula kwa fano kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa selo. Mwinamwake chithunzicho chidzapita kupyola malire ake kapena kulephera kuzifikira. Timasintha kukula kwa chithunzicho pogwiritsa ntchito malire ake, monga tawonetsera kale.
Pankhaniyi, chithunzicho chiyenera kukhala chaching'ono kwambiri kuposa selo kukula kwake, ndiko kuti, payenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono kwambiri pakati pa malire a tsamba ndi chithunzicho.
- Pambuyo pake, mwa njira yomweyi, timayika mu zofanana zowonjezera mndandanda wa mafano ena okonzedwa.
Pachilengedwe ichi cha mndandanda wamtengo wapatali ndi zithunzi za katundu akuwonedwa kuti zakwaniritsidwa. Tsopano mndandanda wa mtengo ukhoza kusindikizidwa kapena kuperekedwa kwa makasitomala mu mawonekedwe apakompyuta, malingana ndi mtundu wa kugawidwa kosankhidwa.
Phunziro: Momwe mungaike chithunzi mu selo mu Excel
Njira 3: Pangani mndandanda wamtengo wapatali ndi mafano oyambirira
Koma, monga momwe tikuonera, zithunzi pa pepala zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la danga, kuwonjezeka kukula kwa mndandanda wamtengo womwe ukukwera kangapo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuti muwonetse zithunzi muyenera kuwonjezera ndime imodzi yowonjezera. Ngati simukukonzekera kulisindikiza mndandanda wamtengo wapatali, koma muziwugwiritsa ntchito ndikuupereka kwa makasitomala pokhapokha mutha kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi: kubwereranso kukula kwa tebulo kwa iwo omwe analipo Njira 1, koma musiye mwayi wowona zithunzi za katundu. Izi zingatheke ngati titaika zithunzizo osati m'ndandanda yosiyana, koma muzolemba za maselo okhala ndi dzina lachitsanzo.
- Sankhani selo yoyamba m'mbali. "Chitsanzo" Dinani pa ilo ndi batani labwino la mouse. Menyu yotsatira ikuyambitsidwa. Mmenemo timasankha malo "Onetsani Note".
- Pambuyo pake, zenera zimatsegula. Sungani chithunzithunzi pamwamba pa malire ake ndi dinani pomwepo. Pokonzekera, chithunzithunzi chiyenera kusandulika kukhala chizindikiro chokhala ngati mivi ikulozera mbali zinayi. Ndikofunika kupanga nsonga ndendende pamalire, komanso kuti musachite izo mkati mwazenera zotsatila, popeza potsirizira pake mawonekedwe ozokongoletsa adzatsegula osati momwe ife tikufunira pa nkhaniyi. Tsono, pambuyo podutsa, pulogalamuyi imayambika. Mmenemo timasankha malo "Zindikirani mtundu ...".
- Mawindo a mawonekedwe otsegula amatsegula. Pitani ku tabu "Mizere ndi mizere". Mu bokosi lokhalamo "Lembani" dinani kumunda "Mtundu". Mndandanda umayamba ndi mndandanda wa mitundu yodzazidwa ngati zithunzi. Koma ife sitili okondwa ndi izi. Pansi pa mndandanda ndizomwe mukufuna "Zodzaza Njira ...". Dinani pa izo.
- Windo lina linayambika, lomwe limatchedwa "Dzadzani Njira". Pitani ku tabu "Kujambula". Kenako, dinani pakani "Kujambula ..."ili pa ndege yawindo.
- Zimayendera zowonjezereka zowonjezera chithunzichi, chomwe tachigwiritsa ntchito poyang'ana njira yapitayi yolenga mndandanda wamtengo. Kwenikweni, ntchito zomwe zili mkatizi zikuyenera kuchitidwa mofananako: pitani ku malo ojambula zithunzi, sankhani chithunzi chofunidwa (pa nkhaniyi yofanana ndi dzina lachitsanzo choyamba m'ndandanda), dinani pa batani Sakanizani.
- Pambuyo pake, chithunzi chosankhidwa chikuwonetsedwa pawindo lazenera. Dinani pa batani "Chabwino"anaikidwa pansi.
- Titatha kuchita izi, timabwereranso ku malemba. Pano uyeneranso kudinkhani pa batani. "Chabwino" kuti masitidwe agwiritsidwe.
- Tsopano mukamayenda pamwamba pa selo yoyamba m'mbali "Chitsanzo" Fano la chitsanzo chofanana ndilo lidzawonetsedwa mulemba.
- Kenaka, tifunika kubwereza njira zonsezi zapamwamba za njira iyi yopangira mndandanda wamtengo wa zitsanzo zina. Mwamwayi, kufulumizitsa ndondomeko sikugwira ntchito, popeza mukufunikira kuyika chithunzi china pazomwe zili mu selo. Kotero, ngati mndandanda wamtengo uli ndi mndandanda waukulu wa katundu, ndiye konzekerani kuti muwononge nthawi yambiri mukudzaza ndi zithunzi. Koma pamapeto pake mudzalandira mndandanda wamtengo wapatali wamagetsi, womwe udzakhala wochuluka kwambiri komanso wophunzitsa.
Phunziro: Gwiritsani ntchito zolemba mu Excel
Inde, tinapereka zitsanzo za kutalika kwa njira zomwe zingatheke popanga mndandanda wamtengo wapatali. Choyimitsa malire pa nkhaniyi chingakhale malingaliro chabe aumunthu. Koma kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe tatchulidwa mu phunziroli, zikuonekeratu kuti mndandanda wamtengo wapatali kapena, monga momwe amatchulidwira, mndandanda wa mtengo ukhoza kukhala wophweka komanso wosawerengeka ngati n'kotheka, ndipo m'malo mwake umakhala wovuta, ndi chithandizo chojambula zithunzi pamene mukukwera mtolo cursor. Njira yodzisankhira njira imadalira zinthu zambiri, koma koposa zonse zomwe ogula anu angakhale ndi momwe mungaperekere mndandanda wamtengo wapatali: pamapepala kapena pakalata.
