Ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, akukumana ndi kufunikira kokonza kasitomala amodzi kapena amelo, akudabwa: "Kodi e-mail protocol ndi chiyani?" Inde, pofuna "kulimbitsa" pulogalamu yotereyi kuti igwire bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino, nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ikuyenera kusankha ndi yomwe ikusiyana ndi ena. Zili pafupi ndi mapulogalamu a positi, mfundo za ntchito yawo komanso kuchuluka kwawo, komanso zina zomwe zidzakambidwa m'nkhani ino.
Ma protocols a Imeli
Pali malamulo atatu omwe amavomerezedwa kuti agwirizane ndi maimelo (kutumiza ndi kulandira maimelo) - awa ndi IMAP, POP3 ndi SMTP. Palinso HTTP, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa ma-intaneti, koma ilibe mgwirizano molunjika ndi zomwe tikuwerenga pano. Pansipa timayang'anitsitsa ndondomeko iliyonse, kutanthauzira makhalidwe awo komanso kusiyana kwake, koma choyamba tidzatanthauzira mawu omwewo.
Mauthenga a e-mail, ngati tikulankhula momveka bwino ndi omveka bwino, ndi momwe makasitomala akugwiritsira ntchito, ndiko kuti, ndi njira zotani zomwe kalata imachokera kwa wotumiza kwa wolandira.
SMTP (Ndondomeko Yosavuta Yotumiza Mauthenga)
Mauthenga amtundu wonyamulira wamtunduwu - ndi momwe dzina la SMTP lathunthu limasuliridwira ndikuchotsedwa. Mgwirizano umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potumiza makalata monga TCP / IP (makamaka, chipika cha TCP 25 chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kutumizira makalata akutumizira). Palinso mawonekedwe ake atsopano - kufotokoza kwa ESMTP (Extended SMTP) omwe adalandiridwa mu 2008, ngakhale panopa sali osiyana ndi Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
Pulogalamu ya SMTP imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makalata a makalata komanso othandizira onse omwe amatumiza ndi kulandira maimelo, koma makasitomala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa owerenga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi owerenga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi - kutumiza maimelo ku seva chifukwa chotsatira.
Mauthenga ambiri a imelo, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi Mozilla Thunderbird, Bat, Microsoft Outlook, amagwiritsa ntchito POP kapena IMAP polandira maimelo, omwe adzakambirane pambuyo pake. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kasitomala ochokera ku Microsoft (kunja) angagwiritse ntchito pulogalamu yothandizira kuti apeze akaunti ya osuta pa seva yake, koma izi zakhala zoposa kale pa mutu wathu.
Onaninso: Kuthetsa mavuto ndi kulandira maimelo
POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
Pulogalamu yachitatu ya positi ya positi (kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi) ndiyeso yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu apamwamba omwe amalandira makompyuta kuti alandire mauthenga apakompyuta kuchokera ku seva yakutali pogwiritsira ntchito mtundu womwewo wa mgwirizano monga mwa SMTP - TCP / IP. Mwachindunji mu ntchito yake, POP3 imagwiritsa ntchito chivomezi nambala 110, koma pa vuto la SSL / TLS, 995 imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ndi makalata awa (ngati woimira mndandanda wathu) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuti atenge makalata. Chotsatira, izi ndi chifukwa chakuti POP3, pamodzi ndi IMAP, sichichirikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu apadera kwambiri, koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi otsogolera othandizira ntchito - Gmail, Yahoo, Hotmail, ndi zina zotero.
Zindikirani: Mndandanda m'munda ndi ndondomeko yachitatu ya ndondomekoyi. Zakalezo zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri (POP, POP2, motsatira) tsopano zikuwoneka kuti zatha.
Onaninso: Kuika makalata GMail mu kasitomala makasitomala
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
Ili ndilo ndondomeko yosanjikiza ntchito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofikira makalata olemba imelo. Monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, IMAP imachokera ku TCP yoyendetsa pulotti, ndipo phukusi 143 likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita ntchito (kapena 993 kwa SSL / TLS zolumikizira).
Kwenikweni, ndi Internet Message Access Protocol yomwe imapereka mwayi wambiri wogwira ntchito ndi makalata ndi makalata omwe amakatumizira pa seva yapakati. Kugwiritsa ntchito makasitomala omwe amagwiritsira ntchito pulogalamuyi kuntchito yake ali ndi mwayi wokhudzana ndi mauthenga apakompyuta ngati sungasungidwe pa seva, koma pa kompyuta.
IMAP imakulolani kuti muchite zofunikira zonse ndi makalata ndi makalata a ma mail pa PC yanu popanda kufunika kutumizira zosakaniza ndikulemba zolemba ku seva ndikuzibwezeretsanso. POP3 yomwe takambirana pamwambapa, monga tawonetsera kale, ikugwira ntchito mosiyana, "kukokera" deta yofunikira pa kugwirizana.
Onaninso: Kuthetsa mavuto ndi kutumiza maimelo
HTTP
Monga tafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyo, HTTP ndizovomerezeka zomwe sizolumikizidwa kudzera pa imelo. Komabe, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza makalata a makalata, kulembera (koma osatumiza) ndi kulandira ma-e-mail. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimangokhala mbali chabe ya ntchito zomwe zimachitika m'makalata omwe tawatchula pamwambapa. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri imatchedwa webmail. Mwinamwake, nthawi ina yotchuka ya Hotmail service, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito HTTP, idagwira ntchito inayake mu izi.
Kusankha kwa protocol ya Email
Choncho, pokhala tikudziŵa zomwe zida zilizonse za makalata zomwe zikuyimira, timatha kupitiriza kusankha mwachindunji. HTTP, pazifukwa zomwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, sizikukondwera ndi izi, ndipo SMTP ikuyang'anila kuthetsa mavuto ena osati omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wogwiritsa ntchito. Choncho, pankhani ya kukhazikitsa ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ogulitsa makalata akugwira bwino ntchito, muyenera kusankha pakati pa POP3 ndi IMAP.
Pulogalamu ya Internet Message Access (IMAP)
Zikatero, ngati mukufuna kupeza mwachangu kwa onse, ngakhale makalata omwe alipo, timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti musankhe IMAP. Ubwino wa pulogalamuyi ukhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi machitidwe ovomerezeka omwe amakulolani kugwira ntchito ndi makalata pa zipangizo zosiyana - panthawi yomweyo komanso kuti makalata oyenerera akhale pafupi. Kujambula kwakukulu kwa Internet Message Access Protocol kumachokera ku zenizeni za ntchito yake ndipo kumakhala ndi kudzazidwa mwamsanga kwa disk space.
IMAP ili ndi ubwino wina, osati wochepa - umakulolani kuti mukonze makalata pulogalamu yamakalata mu dongosolo lachidziwitso, pangani zolemba zosiyana ndi kuika mauthenga pamenepo, ndiko kuti, kupanga machitidwe awo. Chifukwa cha izi, n'zosavuta kupanga ntchito yabwino ndi yabwino ndi imelo. Komabe, vuto lina likutsatila kuchokera ku ntchito yothandiza - pamodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa disk space, pali katundu wochulukira pa purosesa ndi RAM. Mwamwayi, izi zikuwoneka pokhapokha mu njira yogwirizanitsa, ndi pazipangizo zamagetsi.
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
POP3 ndi yoyenera kukhazikitsa makasitomala pazokakhala kuti kupezeka kwa malo omasuka pa seva (chipangizo chosungirako) ndi liwiro la ntchito ndizofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zotsatirazi: posiya kusankha kwanu pazitsulo, mumakana nokha kusinthana pakati pa zipangizo. Izi ndizo, ngati mutalandira, makalata atatu pa nambala 1 ya chipangizo ndipo munawalemba ngati awerengedwa, ndiye pa nambala yachitsulo 2, yomwe ikugwiritsanso ntchito Post Office Protocol 3, izo sizidzadziwika.
Zopindulitsa za POP3 sizongopulumutsa malo osokoneza disk, komanso pokhapokha palibenso katundu wooneka bwino pa CPU ndi RAM. Pulogalamuyi, mosasamala kanthu za khalidwe la intaneti, imakulolani kumasula maimelo onse, ndiko kuti, ndi malemba onse ndi zojambulidwa. Inde, izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati zogwirizana, koma IMAP yochulukirapo, pamtunda wochepa kapena pamtunda wothamanga, imangotumiza mauthenga pokhapokha, kapena imangowonetsa mitu yawo yokha, ndi kusiya zambiri zomwe zili pa seva "mpaka nthawi yabwino."
Kutsiliza
M'nkhani ino tinayesetsa kupereka yankho lomveka bwino komanso lomveka bwino pa funsoli, ndi e-mail protocol. Ngakhale kuti pali zinayi, chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito ndi awiri okha - IMAP ndi POP3. Woyamba adzakhudzidwa ndi iwo omwe amazoloŵera kugwiritsa ntchito makalata ochokera ku zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kuti athe kupeza mwachangu makalata onse (kapena oyenera), kuwongolera ndi kukonza. Yachiwiri ndi yowonjezera kwambiri - mofulumira kwambiri kuntchito, koma osalola kuikonza pazinthu zingapo kamodzi.
