Kuwonjezera matebulo ku OpenOffice Writer.

Kuwonetseratu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kumadera alionse a ntchito, kuyambira ku Economics mpaka Engineering. Pali pulogalamu yambiri yodalirika mderali. Mwamwayi, si ogwiritsira ntchito onse omwe akudziwa kuti pulojekiti ya Excel spreadsheet yomwe ili ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zowonongeka, zomwe zakhala zogwira ntchito sizinthu zochepa kwambiri kwa mapulogalamu. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zipangizozi zili ndi momwe angapangire chitsimikiziro muzochita.

Ndondomeko yowonetsera

Cholinga chachitukuko chiri chonse ndicho kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika, ndikudziwitsani zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuyanjana ndi chinthu chomwe chikuphunziridwa pa nthawi inayake m'tsogolomu.

Njira 1: mzere wa mzere

Mmodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya kufotokozera mwachindunji ku Excel ndi kuwongolera kwina kochitidwa mwa kumanga mzere wa mzere.

Tiyeni tiyesere kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa phindu la ntchitoyi m'zaka zitatu kuchokera pa deta yomwe ilipo pa zaka 12 zapitazo.

1. Mangani galasi lodalira kuchokera ku deta yomwe ili ndi zifukwa zomwe zimayendera. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani tablespace, ndiyeno, pokhala pa tabu "Ikani", dinani pa chithunzi cha mtundu wofunikila wa chithunzi, chomwe chili muzithunzi "Zolemba". Kenako timasankha mtundu woyenera pazochitikazo. Ndi bwino kusankha tchati chobalalika. Mungasankhe malingaliro osiyana, koma, kuti deta iwonetsedwe molondola, muyenera kusintha, makamaka, kuchotsani mzere wotsutsana ndikusankha zosiyana zazitali zozungulira.



2. Tsopano ife tikusowa kuti timange mzere wa mzere. Dinani molondola pa mfundo iliyonse pachithunzichi. Muzondomeko zomwe zatchulidwa, chotsani kusankha pa chinthucho "Onjezerani mzere wamtundu".



3. Fayilo lokhazikitsa mafayilo akuwonekera. N'zotheka kusankha imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya kuyerekezera:
   • Linear;
   • Logarithmic;
   • Zotchulidwa;
   • Mphamvu;
   • Polynomial;
   • Kujambula kwapadera.

   Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kulingalira kwachilendo.

   Mu bokosi lokhalamo "Chiwonetsero" kumunda "Pitirirani pa" ikani nambalayi "3,0", popeza tikufunikira kupanga zaka zitatu kutsogolo. Kuphatikizanso apo, mukhoza kuwona makalata ochezera "Onetsani mgwirizano pa chithunzi" ndi "Ikani pa tchati mtengo wa kulondola kwa kuyerekezera (R ^ 2)". Chizindikiro chotsiriza chimasonyeza khalidwe la mzere. Pambuyo mapangidwe apangidwa, dinani pa batani. "Yandikirani".



4. Mzere wamakono wamangidwa ndipo tingaugwiritse ntchito kuti tipeze kuchuluka kwa phindu patha zaka zitatu. Monga momwe mukuonera, panthawi imeneyo iyenera kudutsa mabakia 4,500 zikwi. Zokwanira R2, monga tatchulidwa pamwambapa, amasonyeza khalidwe la mzerewu. Kwa ife, mtengo R2 ili mmwamba 0,89. Kutsika kwa coefficient, ndipamwamba kudalirika kwa mzere. Mtengo wake waukulu ungakhale wofanana 1. Zimatengedwa kuti pamene chiŵerengero chapita 0,85 Mzere wamakono ndi odalirika.



5. Ngati simukukhutira ndi msinkhu wodalirika, ndiye kuti mukhoza kubwerera kuwindo lawonekedwe lazithunzi ndikusankha mtundu uliwonse wa chiwerengero. Mukhoza kuyesa zonse zomwe mungapeze kuti mupeze zolondola.

   

   Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zogwiritsiridwa bwino ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito extrapolation kudzera mu mzere wa mzere zikhoza kukhala ngati nthawi yolongosola siidapitilira 30% ya nthawi yowerengedwera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pofufuza zaka 12, sitingachite bwino zoposa zaka 3-4. Koma ngakhale panthawiyi, izi zidzakhala zowona, ngati panthawiyi sipadzakhalanso mphamvu yaikulu kapena ayi, zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe sizinachitike m'nthawi yapitayi.

Phunziro: Momwe mungamangire ndondomeko yowonjezera mu Excel

Njira 2: Otsogolera Otsatira

Kufufuza kwina kwa deta yamtundu kungakhoze kupyolera muyezo wa Excel ntchito. ZAMBIRI. Mtsutso uwu ndi wa gulu la zida zowerengetsera ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

= PREDICT (x; odziwika_y_y; odziwika bwino_x)

"X" ndi kutsutsana, mtengo wa ntchito yomwe mukufuna kudziwa. Kwa ife, kukangana kudzakhala chaka chomwe chiwonetsero chiyenera kupangidwa.

"Zomwe Amadziwika Y" - maziko a zidziwitso za ntchitoyo. Kwa ife, gawo lake ndi kuchuluka kwa phindu kwa nthawi yapitayi.

"Zodziwika x" - Awa ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zidziwitso za ntchitoyi. Pa maudindo awo tili ndi chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe zimapezekanso uthenga phindu la zaka zapitazo.

Mwachibadwa, kukangana sikuyenera kukhala nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala kutentha, ndipo mtengo wa ntchitoyo ukhoza kukhala kukula kwa madzi mukamapsa.

Pamene kuwerengera njirayi kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongeka.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazithunzi za ogwira ntchito ZAMBIRI pachitsanzo chapadera. Tengani tebulo lonse lomwelo. Tidzafunika kudziwa chitukuko cha phindu cha 2018.

1. Sankhani selo lopanda kanthu pa pepala kumene mukufuna kusonyeza zotsatira za processing. Timakanikiza batani "Ikani ntchito".



2. Kutsegulidwa Mlaliki Wachipangizo. M'gululi "Zotsatira" sankhani dzina "ZAMBIRI"kenako dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Fesholo yotsutsana ikuyamba. Kumunda "X" fotokozani kufunika kwa mkangano umene mukufuna kupeza phindu la ntchitoyo. Kwa ife, izi ndi 2018. Choncho, timapanga mbiri "2018". Koma ndi bwino kusonyeza chizindikiro ichi mu selo pa pepala, ndi kumunda "X" ingopereka zogwirizana nazo. Izi zidzalola kuti izi ziwerengedwe mtsogolo komanso mosavuta kusintha chaka ngati kuli kofunikira.

   Kumunda "Zomwe Amadziwika Y" tchulani zogwirizanitsa za ndimeyi "Phindu la ntchito". Izi zikhoza kuchitika mwa kuyika chithunzithunzi m'munda, ndiyeno mutagwira batani lamanzere ndi kusankha mzere wofanana pa pepala.

   Mofananamo m'munda "Zodziwika x" timalowa kudilesi yachinsinsi "Chaka" ndi deta ya nthawi yapitayo.

   Zonsezi zitalowa, dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".



4. Wogwiritsira ntchito amawerengera pa maziko a deta yomwe imalowa ndipo amasonyeza zotsatira pawindo. Kwa 2018, phindu likukonzedwa mu 4564.7,000 rubles. Pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo limene latuluka, tikhoza kupanga galama pogwiritsira ntchito zida zowonetsera masomphenya, zomwe takambirana pamwambapa.



5. Ngati mutasintha chaka mu selo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kulowetsa mkangano, zotsatira zidzasintha molingana, ndipo grafu idzayambanso kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, malingana ndi zomwe zanenedwa mu 2019, phindu lidzakhala 4637.8,000 rubles.

Koma musaiwale kuti, monga momwe amamangidwira, nthawi yaitali chisanachitike nthawi isanathe kupitirira 30% ya nthawi yonse yomwe deta yanu inasonkhanitsidwa.

Phunziro: Excel Extrapolation

Njira 3: WOTCHITSA NTCHITO

Kulosera, mungagwiritse ntchito ntchito ina - TREND. Iyenso ndi ya gulu la owerengetsera. Mawu omasuliridwawo ali ofanana ndi mawu a chida. ZAMBIRI ndipo zikuwoneka ngati izi:

= TREND (zotchuka_yodziwika; values_x; new_values_x; [const])

Monga mukuonera, mfundo "Zomwe Amadziwika Y" ndi "Zodziwika x" zogwirizana kwathunthu ndi zinthu zomwezo za woyendetsa ZAMBIRIndi kutsutsana "Zatsopano zatsopano x" yatsutsana ndi mkangano "X" chida chammbuyo. Komanso, TREND pali kutsutsana kwina "Nthawizonse"koma sizolangizidwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali zifukwa zowonjezereka.

Ogwiritsira ntchitowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pakupezeka kwa kudalira mzere wa ntchitoyi.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe chida ichi chidzagwiritsire ntchito ndi deta yomweyo. Kuti tifanizire zotsatira zomwe tapeza, timafotokozera ndondomeko yotsimikiziridwa mu 2019.

1. Timapanga selo loti tisonyeze zotsatira ndikuthamanga Mlaliki Wachipangizo m'njira yachizolowezi. M'gululi "Zotsatira" pezani ndi kusankha dzina "TREND". Timakanikiza batani "Chabwino".



2. Fayilo yotsutsana ndi otsogolera imatsegula TREND. Kumunda "Zomwe Amadziwika Y" zomwe zafotokozedwa kale, lowetsani makonzedwe a ndimeyi "Phindu la ntchito". Kumunda "Zodziwika x" lowetsani adiresi ya mndandandawo "Chaka". Kumunda "Zatsopano zatsopano x" lowetsani kutanthauzira kwa selo kumene chiwerengero cha chaka chomwe chiwonetsero chiyenera kuwonetsedwa chiripo. Kwa ife, izi ndi 2019. Munda "Nthawizonse" chokani chopanda kanthu. Dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Wogwira ntchitoyo amachititsa deta ndikuwonetsa zotsatira pawindo. Monga momwe mukuonera, kuchuluka kwa phindu lopindulitsa la 2019, lowerengedwa mwa njira yodalira mzere, kudzakhala, monga momwe njira yapitayi yakuwerengera, 4637.8,000 rubles.

Mchitidwe 4: WOTCHITSA opitiriza

Ntchito ina yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito polosera mu Excel ndi wogwira ntchito GROWTH. Iyenso ili m'gulu la zida zowerengetsera, koma, mosiyana ndi zomwe zapitazo, sizigwiritsa ntchito njira yovomerezeka yeniyeni, koma njira yowonetsera kuti iwerengedwe. Chidule cha chida ichi chikuwoneka motere:

= GROWTH (Maina Odziwika_y; Ma Values ​​Odziwika_x; New_values_x; [const])

Monga momwe mukuonera, mfundo zokhudzana ndi izi zimagwiranso ntchito mobwerezabwereza TRENDkotero kuti tisaganizire kafotokozedwe kawiri kachiwiri, koma nthawi yomweyo tizitha kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi pakuchita.

1. Sankhani sewero la zotsatira zowonjezera ndikuyitanani mu njira yowonetsera. Mlaliki Wachipangizo. Pa mndandanda wa olemba masewera akuyang'ana chinthu "KUKULA"sankhani ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



2. Kuyika kwawindo lazitsulo la ntchitoyi ilipo. Lowani deta mkati pazenera ili chimodzimodzi momwe tinalowera pawindo lawongolera TREND. Pambuyo pazowonjezera, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Zotsatira za kusinthidwa kwa deta zikuwonetsedwa pazitsulo mu selo lomwe latchulidwa kale. Monga mukuonera, nthawi ino zotsatira zake ndi 4682.1000 rubles. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kusinthidwa kwa deta TREND zosafunika, koma zilipo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zipangizo izi zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana: njira yodalira ndikudalira komanso njira yodziwiratu.

Njira 5: WOTSITSA opanga

Woyendetsa LINE pamene kuwerengera kumagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira. Sitiyenera kusokonezeka ndi njira yeniyeni yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chida. TREND. Chizindikiro chake ndi:

= LINEST (Values ​​Known_y; Values ​​Known_x; New_values_x; [const]; [Statistics])

Maganizo awiri omalizira ndi osankha. Tidziwa bwino njira ziwiri zapitazo. Koma mwinamwake mwazindikira kuti mu ntchitoyi palibe ndemanga yotsutsa mfundo zatsopano. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chida ichi chimangotengera kusintha kwa ndalama kwa nthawi yomweyi, yomwe ifeyo ndi chaka chimodzi, koma ife tiyenera kuwerengera zotsatira zonse pokhapokha, kuwonjezera phindu lenileni lenileni la zotsatira za kuwerengetsa woyendetsa LINEwochulukitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha zaka.

1. Sankhani kusankha maselo omwe mawerengedwewo adzayambe ndi kukhazikitsa Master of Functions. Sankhani dzina "LINEYN" m'gulu "Zotsatira" ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



2. Kumunda "Zomwe Amadziwika Y"lawindo lazitsulo lomwe limatsegula, lowetsani ma coordinates of the column "Phindu la ntchito". Kumunda "Zodziwika x" lowetsani adiresi ya mndandandawo "Chaka". Masamba otsalirawo atsalira opanda kanthu. Kenaka dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Pulogalamuyi ikulingalira ndi kusonyeza mu selo losankhidwa mtengo wa machitidwe ofanana.



4. Tsopano tikuyenera kupeza phindu la phindu lopindula la 2019. Ikani chizindikiro "=" kwa selo iliyonse yopanda kanthu pa pepala. Dinani pa selo yomwe ili ndi phindu lenileni la phindu kwa chaka chatha kuphunzira (2016). Ife timayika chizindikiro "+". Kenaka, dinani selo yomwe ili ndi miyambo yowonongeka kale. Ife timayika chizindikiro "*". Kuyambira pakati pa chaka chatha cha nthawi yophunzira (2016) ndi chaka chomwe chiwonetsero chiyenera kuchitika (2019), nthawi ya zaka zitatu zakhala, timayika nambala mu selo "3". Kuti muwerenge, dinani pa batani. Lowani.

Monga mukuonera, mtengo waphindu wa phindu, wowerengedwa mwa njira yowerengera, mu 2019 udzakhala 4614.9,000 rubles.

Njira 6: WOGWIRA wopita

Chida chotsiriza chomwe tidzakambirana ndicho LGGRPRIBL. Wogwiritsira ntchitoyi amachita mawerengero molingana ndi njira yowonjezeretsa kufotokozera. Msonkhano wake uli ndi dongosolo lotsatira:

= LOGPLPR (chidziwitso_yodziwika; values_x; new_values_x; [const]; [statistics])

Monga mukuonera, mfundo zonse zimabwereza zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ntchito yapitayi. Makhalidwe a chiwerengero cha chiwerengerocho adzasintha pang'ono. Ntchitoyi ikulingalira chiwonetsero, chomwe chidzawonetsa kangati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zidzasinthe mu nthawi imodzi, ndiko kuti, chaka. Tidzafunika kupeza phindu pakati pa nthawi yomalizira ndi yoyamba yomwe idakonzedweratu, kuzichulukitsa ndi chiwerengero cha nthawi zomwe zinakonzedweratu. (3) ndipo yonjezerani ku zotsatira zomwe zilipo nthawi yomaliza.

1. Pa mndandanda wa ogwira ntchito pa Wizard Wizard, sankhani dzina LGRFPRIBL. Dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".



2. Fesholo yotsutsana ikuyamba. Momwemo timalowa deta monga momwe adachitira, pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyo LINE. Dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Zotsatira za chiwonetsero chowonetseratu chikuwerengedwa ndikuwonetsedwa mu selo lotchulidwa.



4. Ife timayika chizindikiro "=" mu selo yopanda kanthu. Tsegulani mabotolo ndikusankha selo yomwe ili ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa nthawi yomaliza. Ife timayika chizindikiro "*" ndipo sankhani selo yomwe ili ndi chiwonetsero. Timayika chizindikiro chotsitsa ndikusindikizanso pa chigawo chomwe chilipo phindu la nthawi yotsiriza. Tsekani besiti ndikuyendetsa zilembozo. "*3+" popanda ndemanga. Apanso, dinani pa selo lomwelo lomwe linasankhidwa nthawi yotsiriza. Kuti chiwerengerocho dinani pa batani Lowani.

Ndalama yomwe inanenedwa mu 2019, yomwe inalembedwa mwa njira ya kulinganirana, idzakhala 4,639.2,000 rubles, yomwe imakhalanso yosiyana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka mu chiwerengero cha njira zisanayambe.

Phunziro: Zowerengera zina zimagwira ntchito ku Excel

Tapeza momwe tingakwaniritsire pulogalamu ya Excel. Zojambulajambulazi, izi zikhoza kuchitika pogwiritsira ntchito mzerewu, ndi kulingalira, pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zowerengedwa zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa cha kusinthidwa kwa deta yofanana ndi ogwira ntchitowa, pangakhale zotsatira zosiyana. Koma izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa onse amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana. Ngati kusinthasintha kuli kochepa, ndiye kuti zosankha zonsezi zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zina zingakhale zosadalirika.