Kupanga mayesero mu Microsoft Excel

Mu ntchito yokonza ndi kukonza, gawo lofunika ndilokulingalira. Popanda izo, sikungathe kukhazikitsa polojekiti iliyonse yayikulu. Makamaka kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulingalira mtengo ku ntchito yomangamanga. Inde, si zophweka kupanga bajeti molondola, zomwe ziri za akatswiri okha. Koma amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, omwe amalipidwa nthawi zambiri, kuti achite ntchitoyi. Koma, ngati muli ndi buku la Excel lomwe laikidwa pa PC yanu, ndiye kuti n'zothekadi kulingalira kwambiri, popanda kugula pulogalamu yamtengo wapatali. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingachitire izi mchitidwe.

Kupanga chiwerengero choyambirira cha ndalama

Kulingalira kwa mtengo ndilo mndandanda wathunthu wa zonse zomwe bungwe limagwiritsa ntchito pokwaniritsa ntchito inayake kapena kwa nthawi inayake ya ntchito yake. Kwa ziwerengero, zizindikiro zapadera zowonetsera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe, monga lamulo, zilipo pagulu. Ayenera kudalira katswiri pakonzekera chikalata ichi. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chiwerengerochi chimachitika pa gawo loyamba la polojekitiyi. Wolemba ndakatulo ayenera kutenga njirayi mozama, monga momwe ziliri, maziko a polojekitiyo.

Kawirikawiri chiwerengerochi chimagawidwa mu magawo akulu awiri: mtengo wa zipangizo komanso mtengo wa ntchitoyo. Kumapeto kwa chikalatacho, mitundu iwiri ya ndalamazo ikuphatikizidwa ndipo imayang'aniridwa ndi VAT, ngati kampani, yomwe ili ndi makontrakitala, imalembedwa ngati wokhoma msonkho.

Gawo 1: Yambani Kukambitsirana

Tiyeni tiyesere kupanga chiwerengero chosavuta kuchita. Musanayambe izi, muyenera kupeza ntchito yamakono kuchokera kwa ogula, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe mukufuna kukonzekera, komanso kudzipangitsani nokha ndi mabuku omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zenizeni. M'malo mwa mabuku owerengera, mungagwiritsenso ntchito zowonjezera pa intaneti.

1. Kotero, poyambira kupanga zosavuta kwambiri, choyamba, timapanga kapu, yomwe ndi dzina la chikalatacho. Itanani "Owerengedwa kuti agwire ntchito". Sitiikapo dzina ndikusintha dzinali, koma tingoyika pamwamba pa tsambali.



2. Tikachotsa mzere umodzi, timapanga tebulo, yomwe idzakhala mbali yaikulu ya chilembacho. Idzakhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, zomwe timapatsa mayina "P / p nambala", "Dzina", "Zambiri", "Chiwerengero Choyesa", "Mtengo", "Mtengo". Lonjezani malire a maselo, ngati maina a mndandanda sakugwirizana nawo. Sankhani maselo okhala ndi mayina awa, pokhala pa tab "Kunyumba", dinani pamalo omwe ali pa riboni muzitsulo "Kugwirizana" batani "Gwirizanitsani Chigawo". Kenaka dinani pazithunzi "Bold"zomwe ziri mu block "Mawu", kapena ingoyimitsani njira yotsatila Ctrl + B. Potero, timagwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a maonekedwe ku maina a pamtundu kuti awonetseredwe.



3. Kenaka tikufotokozera malire a tebulo. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo omwe mukufuna kuti mupeze. Simungadandaule kuti mumagwira kwambiri, chifukwa ndiye tidzakonza kusintha.

   

   Pambuyo pake, pokhala onse pa tebulo lomwelo "Kunyumba", dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa chithunzi "Malire"anaikidwa mu chida cha zipangizo "Mawu" pa tepi. Kuchokera pamndandanda wotsika pansi, sankhani kusankha "Malire Onse".



4. Monga mukuonera, mutatha ntchito yomaliza, mtundu wonse wosankhidwa unagawidwa ndi malire.

Gawo 2: Kukonzekera Gawo I

Kenaka, timaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa gawo loyamba la chiwerengero, momwe ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zidzakhazikitsidwe panthawi ya ntchito.

1. Mzere woyamba wa tebulo tikulemba dzina. "Gawo I: Zofunika Zamtengo Wapatali". Dzina ili silingagwirizane ndi selo limodzi, koma simukusowa kukankhira malire, chifukwa pambuyo pake tingowachotsa, koma pakali pano tidzasiya monga momwe zilili.



2. Kenaka, lembani tebulo lokha limatchula mayina a zipangizo zomwe akukonzekera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchitoyi. Pankhaniyi, ngati maina sakugwirizana ndi maselo, ndiye kuti muwasokoneze. Mu ndime yachitatu ife timalowa muyeso ya zinthu zofunikira kuti tichite ntchito yochuluka ya ntchito, malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo. Kuonjezerapo timafotokozera chiyero chake choyesa. Mu ndime yotsatira tikulemba mtengo uliwonse. Mzere "Mtengo" musakhudze mpaka tibweretse tebulo lonse ndi deta ili pamwambapa. Mmenemo, zikhalidwezo zidzawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Komanso, musakhudze ndime yoyamba ndi chiwerengero.



3. Tsopano tikonzekera detayi ndi nambala ndi mayunitsi a muyeso pakati pa maselo. Sankhani mtundu umene deta ilipo, ndipo dinani pachithunzi chodziwika kale pa kaboni "Gwirizanitsani Chigawo".



4. Komanso tidzachita nambala ya malo olowa. Mu selo yapakati "P / p nambala", zomwe zimagwirizana ndi dzina loyambirira la zinthuzo, lowetsani nambalayi "1". Sankhani chigawo cha pepala chomwe chinapatsidwa nambala ndikuyikapo pointer kumunsi kwake kumanja. Amasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chodzaza. Gwiritsani botani lamanzere pansi ndikuligwetsamo mpaka mzere womaliza umene dzina lawo lili.



5. Koma, monga titha kuwonera, maselo sanawerengedwe mwa dongosolo, chifukwa onsewo ndi nambala "1". Kusintha izi, dinani pazithunzi. "Lembani Zosankha"zomwe ziri pansi pa mtundu wosankhidwa. Mndandanda wa zosankha zikutsegulidwa. Chotsani chosinthira ku malo "Lembani".



6. Monga momwe mukuonera, mutatha mndandanda wa mizereyi.



7. Pambuyo pa mayina onse a zipangizo zomwe zidzafunike kuti polojekitiyi ikhazikitsidwe, tatha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa aliyense. Zomwe sizili zovuta kuganiza, kuwerengera kudzayimira kuchulukitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa malo onse payekha.

   Ikani cholozera mu selo yachindunji "Mtengo"chomwe chikugwirizana ndi chinthu choyamba kuchokera mndandanda wa zipangizo zomwe zili patebulo. Ife timayika chizindikiro "=". Kuwonjezera pa mzere wofanana, dinani pa chipepala chomwe chili m'ndandanda "Zambiri". Monga mukuonera, makonzedwe ake amasonyezedwa nthawi yomweyo mu selo kuti awonetse mtengo wa zipangizo. Pambuyo pake kuchokera kubokosilo timayika chizindikiro wonjezerani (*). Komanso mu mzere womwewo dinani chinthucho m'mbali "Mtengo".

   Kwa ife, ife tiri ndi njira yotsatirayi:

   = C6 * E6

   Koma pazochitika zanu, akhoza kukhala ndi makonzedwe ena.



8. Kuti muwonetse zotsatira za kuwerengera dinani pa fungulo Lowani pabokosi.



9. Koma tabweretsa zotsatirapo pa malo amodzi okha. Inde, mwa kufanana, mungathe kufotokozera ma selo otsalirawo "Mtengo", koma pali njira yosavuta komanso yowonjezereka ndi thandizo la chikhomo chodzaza, chimene tanena kale. Ikani chithunzithunzi m'makona a kumunsi a selo ndi ndondomekoyi ndipo mutatha kusinthitsa kuti mukhale ndi chikhomo chodzaza, gwiritsani botani lamanzere, yesani ku dzina lomaliza.



10. Monga momwe mukuonera, mtengo wokwanira payekhapayekha patebulo ndiwerengedwa.



11. Tsopano ife tikuwerengera mtengo wotsiriza wa zipangizo zonse kuphatikiza. Timadutsa mzere ndikupanga cholowa mu selo yoyamba ya mzere wotsatira "Zida zonse".



12. Ndiye, mutagwira botani lamanzere lamanzere pansi, sankhani zamtunduwu m'ndandanda "Mtengo" Kuchokera pa dzina loyambirira la nkhaniyo kupita kumzere "Zida zonse" kuphatikizapo. Kukhala mu tab "Kunyumba" dinani pazithunzi "Autosum"yomwe ili pa tepiyi mu zida za zipangizo Kusintha.



13. Monga mukuonera, chiwerengero cha ndalama zonse zogulira zipangizo zonse zogwirira ntchito.



14. Monga tikudziwira, ndalama zomwe zimasonyezedwa mu rubles zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi malo awiri osungirako chiwerengero pambuyo pa comma, kutanthauza osati rubles, komanso penseni. Mu tebulo lathu, ziyeso za ndalama zimayimilidwa kotheratu ndi integers. Kuti mukonze izi, sankhani zamtundu uliwonse zam'ndandanda. "Mtengo" ndi "Mtengo", kuphatikizapo chidule. Dinani ndi batani lamanja la mouse pamasankhidwe. Mndandanda wamakono umatsegulidwa. Sankhani chinthu mmenemo "Sungani maselo ...".



15. Fesitimu yokongoletsa ikuyamba. Pitani ku tabu "Nambala". Muzitsulo zamkati "Maofomu Owerengeka" ikani kasinthasintha kuti muyime "Numeric". Kumanja kwawindo pazenera "Nambala yotsika" ayenera kuyika nambala "2". Ngati sichoncho, ndiye lowetsani nambala yofunikila. Pambuyo pake dinani pa batani "Chabwino" pansi pazenera.



16. Monga mukuonera, panopa phindu la mtengo ndi mtengo likuwonetsedwa ndi malo awiri osankha.



17. Pambuyo pake tidzagwira ntchito pang'ono pa maonekedwe a gawo ili la kulingalira. Sankhani mzere umene dzina lanu lili. "Gawo I: Zofunika Zamtengo Wapatali". Ili pa tabu "Kunyumba"dinani pa batani "Gwirizanitsani ndikuyika pakati" mu block "Kugwiritsira ntchito tepi". Kenaka dinani pa chithunzi chodziwika bwino "Bold" mu block "Mawu".



18. Pambuyo pake pitani ku mzere "Zida zonse". Sankhani njira yonse mpaka kumapeto kwa tebulo ndikusindikizani pa batani. "Bold".



19. Kenanso timasankha maselo a mzerewu, koma nthawi ino sitimaphatikizapo chinthu chomwe chiwerengerocho chili muchisankho. Dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa batani pa riboni "Gwirizanitsani ndikuyika pakati". Kuchokera pamndandanda wazomwe mukuchita, sankhani kusankha "Gwirizanitsani maselo".



20. Monga mukuonera, zinthu za pepala zimagwirizanitsidwa. Ntchitoyi ndi gawo la mtengo wa zipangizo zingathe kuonedwa kukhala wathunthu.

PHUNZIRO: Kupanga ma tebulo a Excel

Gawo 3: Kukonzekera Gawo II

Timatembenukira ku gawo la mapangidwe, zomwe zidzasonyezera mtengo wa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yeniyeni.

1. Timadutsa mzere umodzi ndipo kumayambiriro kwa lotsatira tikulemba dzina "Gawo II: mtengo wa ntchito".



2. Mzere watsopano m'mbali "Dzina" lembani mtundu wa ntchito. Mu ndime yotsatira timalowa muyeso wa ntchito yomwe yapangidwa, unit of measure ndi mtengo wa unit of work. Kawirikawiri, chiyero cha ntchito yomanga ndi mita imodzi, koma nthawi zina pali zosiyana. Motero, timadzaza tebulo, kupanga njira zonse zomwe makontrakita amachita.



3. Pambuyo pake, timayesa kuwerengera, kuwerengera ndalamazo pa chinthu chilichonse, kuwerengera zonse, ndikupanga maonekedwe mofanana ndi momwe tinachitira pa gawo loyamba. Kotero kuwonjezera sitidzasiya pa ntchito zomwe tazifotokoza.

Gawo lachinayi: Terengani ndalama zonse

Pachigawo chotsatira, tiyenera kuwerengera mtengo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mtengo wa zipangizo ndi ntchito ya antchito.

1. Timadutsa mzere pambuyo polowera ndikulemba mu selo yoyamba "Chiwerengero cha polojekiti".



2. Pambuyo pa izi, sankhani mzerewu selo m'ndandanda "Mtengo". Sikovuta kuganiza kuti chiwerengero cha polojekitiyi chidzawerengedwa powonjezerapo miyezo "Zida zonse" ndi "Ndalama zonse za ntchito". Choncho, mu selo yosankhidwa muyika chizindikiro "="ndiyeno dinani pa chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi mtengo "Zida zonse". Kenaka yikani chizindikiro kuchokera ku kibokosilo "+". Kenaka, dinani selo "Ndalama zonse za ntchito". Tili ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu uwu:

   = F15 + F26

   Koma, mwachibadwa, pazochitika zinazake, mipikisano yowonjezerayi idzakhala ndi maonekedwe awo.



3. Kuti muwonetse mtengo wokwanira pa pepala, dinani Lowani.



4. Ngati kontrakiti ndi wolipira msonkho wapadera, onjezerani mizere iwiri pansipa: "VAT" ndi "Ntchito yonseyi ikuphatikizapo VAT".



5. Monga mukudziwa, kuchuluka kwa VAT ku Russia ndi 18% ya msonkho. Kwa ife, msonkho wa msonkho ndi ndalama zomwe zinalembedwa mzere "Chiwerengero cha polojekiti". Choncho, tifunika kuchulukitsa phindu ili ndi 18% kapena 0.18. Timayika mu selo, yomwe ili pambali ya mzere "VAT" ndi gawo "Mtengo" chizindikiro "=". Kenaka, dinani selo ndi mtengo "Chiwerengero cha polojekiti". Kuchokera pa kibodiboli timasankha mawuwo "*0,18". Kwa ife, timapeza njira yotsatirayi:

   = F28 * 0.18

   Dinani pa batani Lowani kuti muwerenge zotsatira.



6. Pambuyo pake tidzatha kuwerengera mtengo wa ntchito, kuphatikizapo VAT. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muwerenge phinduli, koma kwa ife, njira yophweka ndiyo kungowonjezerapo mtengo wa ntchito popanda VAT ndi kuchuluka kwa VAT.

   Kotero mu mzere "Ntchito yonseyi ikuphatikizapo VAT" m'ndandanda "Mtengo" timaphatikiza maadiresi a maselo "Chiwerengero cha polojekiti" ndi "VAT" mofanana momwe ife tinawerengera mtengo wa zipangizo ndi ntchito. Kwa chiwerengero chathu, timapeza njira yotsatirayi:

   = F28 + F29

   Timakanikiza batani ENTER. Monga momwe tikuonera, tapeza phindu lomwe limasonyeza kuti ndalama zonse zomwe polojekitiyi ikuyendetsa polojekitiyi, kuphatikizapo VAT, idzakhala ma ruble 56533,80.



7. Komanso tipanga maonekedwe a mizere itatu yonse. Sankhani zonsezo ndipo dinani chizindikiro. "Bold" mu tab "Kunyumba".



8. Pambuyo pake, kuti ma totals ayime pakati pa zowerengera zina, mukhoza kuwonjezera mazenera. Popanda kuchotsa kusankha mu tab "Kunyumba", dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa munda "Kukula kwake"yomwe ili pa tepiyi mu zida za zipangizo "Mawu". Kuchokera pamndandanda wotsika pansi, sankhani kukula kwazithunzi zomwe zili zazikulu kuposa zamakono.



9. Kenaka sankhani mizere yonse mpaka pamphindi. "Mtengo". Kukhala mu tab "Kunyumba" Dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa batani "Gwirizanitsani ndikuyika pakati". M'ndandanda wotsika pansi, sankhani kusankha "Gwirizanitsani mzere".

PHUNZIRO: Mndandanda wa Excel wa VAT

Gawo lachisanu: kumaliza kulingalira

Tsopano, kuti titsirize mapangidwe a chiwerengerocho, timangoyenera kukongoletsa.

1. Choyamba, chotsani mizere yowonjezera mu tebulo lathu. Sankhani maselo ena owonjezera. Pitani ku tabu "Kunyumba"ngati wina tsopano watsegulidwa. M'kati mwa zipangizo Kusintha pa kachipani dinani pa chithunzi "Chotsani"yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a eraser. M'ndandanda yomwe imatsegula, sankhani malo "Chotsani Zomangamanga".



2. Monga mukuonera, mutatha izi zonse mizere yowonjezera yatha.



3. Tsopano ife tibwerera ku chinthu choyamba chomwe ife tinachita pamene tikupanga kulingalira_ku dzina. Sankhani gawo lachindunji komwe dzina liripo, kutalika komwe kuli kofanana pa tebulo. Dinani pafungulo lodziwika bwino. "Gwirizanitsani ndikuyika pakati".



4. Ndiye, popanda kuchotsa kusankha kuchokera pamtunduwu, dinani pazithunzi "Bold".



5. Timatsiriza maonekedwe a dzina loyesa podindira pazithunzi zazithunzi, ndikusankha mtengo wapamwamba kuposa momwe timayambira poyamba.

Pambuyo pake, kulingalira mtengo kwa Excel kungawonedwe kukhala kwathunthu.

Talingalira chitsanzo chokhazikitsa kulingalira kosavuta ku Excel. Monga mukuonera, pulosesa iyi ili ndi zida zonse kuti zipirire bwinobwino ntchitoyi. Komanso, ngati kuli kotheka, pulogalamuyi n'zotheka kupanga zovuta zambiri.