Kukonzekera Debian pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa

Debian silingadzitamande ndi ntchito yake itangotha ​​kuikidwa. Iyi ndiyo njira yoyenera kukhazikitsa, ndipo nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mungachitire zimenezi.

Onaninso: Maofesi ambiri a Linux

Debian Setup

Chifukwa cha njira zambiri zowonjezera Debian (network, zofunikira, kuchokera ku DVD media), palibe buku lotsogolera, kotero njira zina za malangizo zidzakwaniritsidwa pazinthu zina zoterezi.

Gawo 1: Kusintha Kwadongosolo

Chinthu choyamba choti muchite mutatha kukhazikitsa dongosolo ndikuchikonzanso. Koma izi ndi zofunikira kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe aika Debian kuchokera ku DVD. Ngati munagwiritsa ntchito njira yachithunzithunzi, ndiye kuti zatsopano zatsopano zidzakhazikitsidwa kale mu OS.

  1. Tsegulani "Terminal"mwa kulemba dzina lake mu menyu ya machitidwe ndikusindikiza pa chithunzi chofanana.

  2. Pezani ufulu wapamwamba kwambiri potsatira lamulo:

    su

    ndi kulowetsa mawu achinsinsi omwe atchulidwa pa nthawi yowonjezera.

    Dziwani: pamene mutalowa mawu achinsinsi, siziwoneka.

  3. Pangani malamulo awiri:

    pangani zosinthika
    yongolerani bwino

  4. Yambitsani kompyuta kuti mutsirize ndondomeko yanu. Mwa ichi mungathe "Terminal" Pangani lamulo lotsatira:

    kubwezeretsanso

Pambuyo pakompyuta ikayambiranso, dongosololi lidzasinthidwa, kotero mukhoza kupita ku gawo lotsatira la kasinthidwe.

Onaninso: Kupititsa patsogolo Debian 8 mpaka tsamba 9

Gawo 2: Sungani SUDO

sudo - Chothandizira chokhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chopatsa ufulu aliyense wogwira ntchito. Monga mukuonera, pamene mukukonzekera dongosolo, kunali kofunika kuti mulowe mbiri mizuzomwe zimafuna nthawi yochulukirapo. Ngati ntchito sudo, ichi chikhoza kudumpha.

Kuti muzitha kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi sudo, ndikofunikira, kukhala mu mbiri mizu, chitani lamulo:

chotsatira chotsatira sudo

Utility sudo imayikidwa, koma kuti muigwiritse ntchito muyenera kutero. Ndi zophweka kuchita izi mwa kuchita zotsatirazi:

adduser UserName sudo

Kumalo mwake "Wogwiritsa Ntchito" Muyenera kulowa dzina la wosuta yemwe wapatsidwa ufulu.

Potsiriza, yambitsani ntchitoyo kuti kusinthaku kuchitike.

Onaninso: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Linux Terminal

Khwerero 3: Kukonza Repositories

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa Debian, malo osungiramo zinthu amawongolera kuti alandire mapulogalamu otseguka, koma izi si zokwanira kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya pulogalamuyo ndi dalaivala mu dongosolo.

Pali njira ziwiri zokonza mapepala a pulogalamu yaumwini: kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ndi mawonekedwe ojambula ndi kupanga malamulo mkati "Terminal".

Software & Updates

Kuti mukhazikitse mapepala oyang'anira pulogalamu ya GUI, chitani zotsatirazi:

  1. Thamangani Software & Updates kuchokera mndandanda wamakono.

  2. Tab "Debian Software" Ikani nkhuni pafupi ndi zinthu zomwe mabotolo amasonyeza "chachikulu", "pangani" ndi "opanda mfulu".

  3. Kuchokera pa mndandanda wa kuchepa "Koperani kuchokera" sankhani seva yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri.

  4. Dinani batani "Yandikirani".

Pambuyo pake, pulogalamuyi idzapatseni inu kuti musinthe zonse zomwe zilipo zokhudza malo osindikizira - dinani batani "Tsitsirani", ndiye dikirani mpaka mapeto a ndondomeko ndikupitirira ku sitepe yotsatira.

Terminal

Ngati pazifukwa zina simunathe kukonza kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi Software & Updates, ntchito yomweyi ikhoza kuchitidwa "Terminal". Nazi zomwe mungachite:

  1. Tsegulani fayilo yomwe ili ndi mndandanda wa zosungirako zonse. Pachifukwachi, nkhaniyi idzagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa malemba. Gedit, mukhoza kulowa mu malo oyenera a lamulo.

    sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

  2. Mu mkonzi wotsegulira yonjezerani zosiyanasiyana ku mizere yonse. "chachikulu", "pangani" ndi "opanda mfulu".
  3. Dinani batani Sungani ".
  4. Tsekani mkonzi.

Onaninso: Olemba Mabaibulo otchuka

Zotsatira zake, fayilo yanu iyenera kuoneka ngati iyi:

Tsopano, kuti kusintha kusinthe, pangani ndondomeko ya phukusi ndi lamulo:

sudo apt-get update

Khwerero 4: Kuwonjezera Zambuyo

Kupitiliza mutu wa malo osungiramo zinthu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera ku mndandanda wa Backports. Ili ndi mapulogalamu atsopano a mapulogalamu. Phukusili limayesedwa ngati mayesero, koma mapulogalamu onse omwe ali mmenemo ali olimba. Izo sizinagwere mu malo ovomerezeka apachifukwa pokhapokha chifukwa chinapangidwa pambuyo pa kumasulidwa. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kusintha dalaivala, kernel ndi mapulogalamu ena kumasinthidwe atsopano, muyenera kulumikizana ndi Backports repository.

Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa monga Software & Updateskotero ndi "Terminal". Ganizirani njira zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Software & Updates

Kuwonjezera tsamba la backland pogwiritsa ntchito Software & Updates mukusowa:

  1. Kuthamanga pulogalamuyo.
  2. Pitani ku tabu "Mapulogalamu Ena".
  3. Pakani phokoso Onjezani ... ".

  4. Mu mzere wolumikiza bwino:

    deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere(kwa Debian 9)

    kapena

    deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere(kwa Debian 8)

  5. Pakani phokoso Onjezerani ".

Pambuyo pa masitepewa, tseka mawindo a pulogalamu, ndikupatsani chilolezo kuti musinthire deta.

Terminal

Mu "Terminal" Kuti muwonjezere malo a backports, muyenera kulowetsa deta mu fayilo "sources.list". Kwa izi:

  1. Tsegulani fayilo yomwe mukufuna:

    sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

  2. M'kati mwake, ikani mlojekiti kumapeto kwa mzere womalizira ndi kupanikizira kawiri fungulo Lowani, zopanda pake, ndiye lembani mizere yotsatirayi:

    deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere
    deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian stretch-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere    (kwa Debian 9)

    kapena

    deb //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere
    deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports mfundo yaikulu osati yaulere    (kwa Debian 8)

  3. Dinani batani Sungani ".
  4. Tsekani zolemba.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zonse zolembapo, yesetsani mndandanda wa phukusi:

sudo apt-get update

Tsopano, kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu kuchokera ku malo awa kupita ku dongosolo, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili:

sudo apt-get install -t stretch-backports [dzina la phukusi](kwa Debian 9)

kapena

sudo apt-get install -t jessie-backports [dzina la phukusi](kwa Debian 8)

Kumalo mwake "[dzina la phukusi]" lowetsani dzina la phukusi limene mukufuna kuika.

Khwerero 5: Sakani Zipangizo

Chofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo ndi malemba. Mu Debian, ochepa chabe mwa iwo ali asanayambe kukhazikitsidwa, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito olemba malemba kapena zithunzi mu dongosolo la GIMP ayenera kubwereza mndandanda wa ma fonti omwe alipo kale. Mwazinthu zina, pulogalamu ya Wine siigwira bwino popanda iwo.

Kuyika maofesi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Windows, muyenera kuyitanitsa lamulo ili:

sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa ttf-freefont ttf-mscorefonts-installer

Mukhozanso kuwonjezera malemba kuchokera ku noto:

sudo apt-get install fonts-noto

Mukhoza kukhazikitsa maofesi ena mwa kuwafufuza pa intaneti ndikuwapititsa ku foda. ".fonts"ndizo muzu wa dongosolo. Ngati mulibe foda iyi, dzipangeni nokha.

Khwerero 6: Konzani maonekedwe apamwamba

Mwa kukhazikitsa Debian, wosuta angayang'ane osauka anti-aliasing wa ma fonti. Vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta - muyenera kupanga fayilo yapadera yosintha. Nazi momwe zimachitidwira:

  1. Mu "Terminal" pitani ku zolemba "/ etc / fonts /". Kuti muchite izi, thawani:

    cd / etc / fonts /

  2. Pangani fayilo yatsopano yotchedwa "local.conf":

    sudo gedit loc.conf

  3. Mu mkonzi yomwe imatsegula, lowetsani malemba awa:






    rgb




    zoona




    kuwala




    lddfault




    zabodza


    ~ / .fonts

  4. Dinani batani Sungani " ndi kutseka mkonzi.

Pambuyo pake, mawonekedwe onse a dongosolo adzakhala ndi zosavuta kutsutsa-aliasing.

Khwerero 7: Sungani Mawotchi a Pakompyuta

Zokonzera izi siziri zofunikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito onse, koma kwa iwo omwe amamva chidziwitso cha khalidwe kuchokera ku chigawo chawo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'misonkhano ina izi zimakhala zolephereka. Kuti mukonze vuto ili, muyenera:

  1. Tsegulani fayilo yosinthika "fbdev-blacklist.conf":

    sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf

  2. Pamapeto pake, lembani mzere wotsatira:

    osakaniza pcspkr

  3. Sungani zosintha ndi kutseka mkonzi.

Tangowonjezerapo gawo "pcspkr"zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lolimba, kwa olemba mndandanda, motero, vutoli lichotsedwa.

Gawo 8: Sakanizani Codecs

Ndondomeko ya Debian yokhayo yokhayo ilibe ma multimedia codecs, izi ndizo chifukwa cha zawo. Chifukwa cha ichi, wogwiritsa ntchito sangathe kuyanjana ndi mawonekedwe ambiri a mavidiyo ndi mavidiyo. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, muyenera kuwakhazikitsa. Kwa izi:

  1. Kuthamanga lamulo:

    sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa libavcodec-extra57 ffmpeg

    Panthawi yothandizira, muyenera kutsimikizira zomwe mukuchita polemba chizindikiro pa kambokosi "D" ndi kudumpha Lowani.

  2. Tsopano mukufunikira kukhazikitsa ma kodecs ena, koma ali mu malo osiyana, kotero muyenera choyamba kuwonjezera pa dongosolo. Kuti muchite izi, yesani malamulo atatu:

    su
    liwu "# Debian Multimedia
    deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org Kutsegula kwakukulu osati kopanda ufulu>> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'    (kwa Debian 9)

    kapena

    su
    liwu "# Debian Multimedia
    deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org jessie wamkulu wopanda ufulu "> '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'    (kwa Debian 8)

  3. Sungani zosungiramo zosungirako:

    ndondomeko yabwino

    Mu zotsatira, mungathe kuona kuti cholakwika chachitika - dongosolo silingathe kupeza chinsinsi cha GPG cha malo.

    Kuti mukonze izi, yesani lamulo ili:

    chofunika-key key -recv-key --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu 5C808C2B65558117

    Zindikirani: mawonekedwe a "dirmngr" akusowa mu Debian ena akumanga, chifukwa cha ichi lamulo silikuchitidwa. Iyenera kukhazikitsidwa poyendetsa lamulo "sudo apt-get install dirmngr".

  4. Fufuzani ngati cholakwikacho chapangidwa:

    ndondomeko yabwino

    Ife tikuwona kuti palibe cholakwika, ndiye malo owonjezera anali owonjezera bwino.

  5. Ikani ma codecs oyenera potsatira lamulo:

    choyenera kukhazikitsa libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3lame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdcss2 w64codecs(kwa kayendedwe ka 64-bit)

    kapena

    choyenera kukhazikitsa libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3lame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdcss2(kwa 32-bit dongosolo)

Pambuyo polemba mfundo zonse mumayika ma codec onse oyenera m'dongosolo lanu. Koma ichi si mapeto a Debian kasinthidwe.

Khwerero 9: Sakani Flash Player

Amene amadziŵa Linux amadziwa kuti Flash Player developers sanasinthire mankhwala awo pa nsanja kwa nthawi yaitali. Chifukwa chake, komanso chifukwa chakuti pulogalamuyi ndi yothandizira, sizinagawidwe zambiri. Koma pali njira yosavuta yoyikamo mu Debian.

Kuyika Adobe Flash Player muyenera kuthamanga:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-opanda

Pambuyo pake idzaikidwa. Koma ngati mutha kugwiritsa ntchito msakatuli wa Chromium, ndiye muthamangitsani lamulo limodzi:

sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa pepperflashplugin-osati

Kwa Firefox ya Mozilla, lamulo ndi losiyana:

sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla

Tsopano zinthu zonse za malo omwe adapangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito Flash, zidzakupezani.

Gawo 10: Sakani Java

Ngati mukufuna kuti dongosolo lanu liwonetsere bwino zinthu zopangidwa m'chinenero cha pulogalamu ya Java, muyenera kukhazikitsa phukusi lanu nokha mu OS. Kuti muchite izi, chitani lamulo limodzi lokha:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

Mukafa, mudzalandira kalata ya Java Runtime Environment. Koma mwatsoka, sikoyenera kupanga mapulogalamu a Java. Ngati mukufuna njirayi, tsitsani Java Development Kit:

sudo apt-get install default-jdk

Khwerero 11: Sakani Ma Applications

Sikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kokha maofesi apakompyuta. "Terminal"pamene n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera. Tikukuwonetsani sewero la mapulogalamu omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti aikidwe mu dongosolo.

  • evince - amagwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a PDF;
  • vlc - wosewera kanema wotchuka;
  • file-roller - archiver;
  • bleachbit - kuyeretsa dongosolo;
  • gimp - mkonzi wamatsenga (analogue wa Photoshop);
  • clementine - woimba nyimbo;
  • lankhulani - calculator;
  • mfuti - pulogalamu yowonera zithunzi;
  • adayamba - Disk Partition Editor;
  • diodon - zojambulajambula;
  • wolemba mabuku - ndondomeko ya mawu;
  • maofesi owerengera - pulogalamu yamakono.

Mapulogalamu ena ochokera mndandandawu angakhale atayikidwa kale pazomwe mukugwiritsira ntchito, zonse zimadalira kumanga.

Kuyika pulogalamu imodzi kuchokera mndandanda, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo:

sudo apt-get install ProgramName

Kumalo mwake "Pulogalamu" Amapatsa dzina la pulogalamuyi.

Kuika zonsezo panthawi imodzi, tangolani maina awo osiyana ndi danga:

sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa mafayilo opukutira maulendo qalculate clementine vlc gimp shotwell gparted ufulu-olemba cholembera-calc

Pambuyo pomaliza lamulolo, pulogalamuyi idzatha, kenako pulogalamu yonseyo idzaikidwa.

Gawo 12: Kuyika madalaivala pa khadi la kanema

Kuyika woyendetsa khadi wa makanema ku Debian ndi njira yomwe kupambana kumadalira pazinthu zambiri, makamaka ngati muli ndi AMD. Mwamwayi, mmalo mwa kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za zovuta zonse ndi kuphedwa kwa malamulo ambiri "Terminal", mungagwiritse ntchito script yapadera yomwe imasinthanitsa ndikuyika zonse pandekha. Ponena za iye tsopano ndipo tidzakambirana.

Chofunika: pakuyika madalaivala, script imatseketsa njira zonse zogwirira ntchito zenera, kotero sungani zigawo zonse zofunikira musanapereke malangizo.

  1. Tsegulani "Terminal" ndi kupita ku zolemba "bin"Chomwe chiri mu gawo gawo:

    cd / usr / loc / bin

  2. Tsitsani script kuchokera pa tsamba lovomerezeka sgfxi:

    sudo wget -Nc smxi.org/sgfxi

  3. Mpatseni ufulu wochita:

    sudo chmod + x sgfxi

  4. Tsopano mukuyenera kupita kumalo otonthoza. Kuti muchite izi, yesani kuyanjana kwachinsinsi Ctrl + Alt + F3.
  5. Lowani dzina lanu ndi dzina lanu.

  6. Pezani ufulu wampamwamba:

    su

  7. Kuthamanga script poyendetsa lamulo:

    sgfxi

  8. Panthawiyi, script idzayang'ana hardware yanu ndikupatsani kukhazikitsa woyendetsa galimotoyo posachedwapa. Mungathe kukana ndikusankha ndondomeko yanuyo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo:

    sgfxi -o [woyendetsa version]

    Zindikirani: mungapeze mawindo onse omwe alipo kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "sgfxi -h".

Pambuyo pa masitepe onse, script ayamba kumasula ndi kukhazikitsa dalaivala wosankhidwayo. Muyenera kuyembekezera mapeto a ndondomekoyi.

Ngati pazifukwa zina mumasankha kuchotsa dalaivala woyikidwa, mukhoza kuchita izi ndi lamulo:

sgfxi -n

Mavuto angakhalepo

Monga mapulogalamu ena onse a script sgfxi ali ndi zolakwika. Zolakwitsa zina zikhoza kuchitika panthawi yopha. Tsopano ife tikufufuza omwe amadziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi kupereka malangizo a momwe tingachotsere izo.

  1. Sakanatha kuchotsa gawo latsopano. Kuthetsa vuto ndi kophweka - muyenera kukhazikitsa kompyuta ndikuyambanso script.
  2. Zizindikiro zabwino zimasintha mosavuta.. Ngati panthawi yowonjezera mudzawona chatsopano chatsopano pazenera, ndiyambiranso njirayi, mubwererenso kumbuyoko mwa kukanikiza Ctrl + Alt + F3.
  3. Chipangizo chakumayambiriro kwa ntchito chimapatsa vuto. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi ndi chifukwa cha phukusi losowa. "zofunikira". Kuika kwina script kumasula izo mosavuta, koma pali zolakwika. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, yesani phukusi lanu pokhazikitsa lamulo:

    chotsani-chotsani chofunikira chofunikira

Izi ndizo mavuto omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ndi ntchito ya script, ngati pakati pawo simunapeze nokha, mungadziwe bwino ndi buku lonse lomwe lili pa webusaiti yathuyi.

Khwerero 13: Konzani NumLock Auto Power On

Zonsezi zikuluzikulu za dongosololi zakonzedwa kale, koma potsiriza ndizofunika kunena momwe mungakhazikitsire zokhazokha zowonjezera gulu la digito la NumLock. Chowonadi chiri chakuti mu kufalitsa kwa Debian, mwachisamaliro ichi chosasinthidwa, ndipo gawo liyenera kutsegulidwa nthawi iliyonse pamene ayamba dongosolo.

Kotero, kuti mupangidwe, muyenera:

  1. Sakani phukusi "numlockx". Kuti muchite izi, lowani "Terminal" lamulo ili:

    sudo apt-get install numlockx

  2. Tsegulani fayilo yosinthika "Chosintha". Fayiloyi ili ndi udindo wopanga malamulo pomwe kompyuta ikuyamba.

    sudo gedit / etc / gdm3 / Init / Default

  3. Lembani malemba otsatirawa mu mzere pamaso pa parameter "tulukani 0":

    ngati [-x / usr / bin / numlockx]; ndiye
    / usr / bin / numlockx pa
    fi

  4. Sungani zosintha ndi kutseka mkonzi wa malemba.

Tsopano pamene muyamba kompyuta, gulu ladijito lidzatsegula mosavuta.

Kutsiliza

Mukamaliza njira zonse za Debian configuration guide, mudzalandira kabuku kowonjezera kokha kokha kuti muthe kuthetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za munthu wamba, komanso kuti mugwire ntchito pa kompyuta. Ziyenera kufotokozedwa kuti zochitika zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizofunikira, ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yodalirika yokha ndiyo yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

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