Excel ndi magome amphamvu, pamene amagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa, maadiresi amasinthidwa, ndi zina zotero. Koma nthawi zina, muyenera kukonza chinthu china kapena, monga momwe akunenera mwanjira ina, amaimangirira kuti isasinthe malo ake. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mungachite kuti muchite izi.
Mitundu yokonzekera
Nthawi yomweyo ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mitundu yothetsera ku Excel ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, akhoza kugawa m'magulu akulu atatu:
- Kuzimitsa kwa maulendo;
- Maselo okonzekera;
- Chitetezo cha zinthu kuchokera ku kusintha.
Pamene adiresi ili yozizira, kutchulidwa kwa selo sikusintha pamene ikokopizidwa, ndiko kuti, kumatha kukhala wachibale. Kupinda maselo kumakupatsani mwayi wowawona nthawi zonse pazenera, mosasamala kanthu komwe wopukusawo amawombera pansi kapena kumanja. Chitetezo chazinthu kuchokera kusinthira chimatsekera kusintha kulikonse mu deta. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino njira iliyonseyi.
Njira 1: Limbikitsani
Choyamba, tiyeni tiime pokonzekera adilesi ya selo. Kuti muzilumikize, kuchokera ku mgwirizano wapachibale, womwe uli adresi iliyonse ku Excel mwachisawawa, muyenera kupanga mgwirizano weniweni womwe sukusintha zoyimilira pamene mukujambula. Pofuna kuchita izi, muyenera kukhazikitsa chizindikiro cha dola pa makonzedwe onse a adilesi ($).
Chizindikiro cha dola chimayikidwa mwa kuwonekera pa chikhalidwe chofanana pa keyboard. Ili pamakina ofanana ndi nambala. "4", koma kuti muwonetsere pazenerali muyenera kuyika makiyi awa mu Chingerezi makina omwe ali pamwamba pamtunduwu (pogwiritsa ntchito fungulo Shift). Pali njira yosavuta komanso yofulumira. Sankhani adilesi ya chinthucho mu selo yeniyeni kapena ntchito yanu ndikusindikizira fungulo la ntchito F4. Nthawi yoyamba mukasindikizira chizindikiro cha dola imapezeka pa adiresi ya mzere ndi mzere, nthawi yachiwiri mukakanikizira fungulo ili, lidzakhalabe pa adiresi yokha, pa tsamba lachitatu ilo lidzakhalabe pa adiresi ya mzere. Chachisanu chachinayi F4 imachotsa chizindikiro cha dola kwathunthu, ndipo zotsatirazi zimayambitsa njirayi m'njira yatsopano.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe mdima wamaulendo amathandizira ndi chitsanzo chapadera.
- Choyamba, tiyeni tiyambe kutsanzira ndondomeko yachizolowezi kwa zinthu zina za m'mbali. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chikhomo chodzaza. Ikani chithunzithunzi m'makona a kumanja a selo, deta yomwe mukufuna kuikamo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imasandulika mtanda, womwe umatchedwa chizindikiro chodzaza. Gwirani batani lamanzere la mouse ndipo yesani mtandawu mpaka kumapeto kwa tebulo.
- Pambuyo pake, sankhani chinthu chochepa kwambiri pa tebulo ndikuyang'anirani mu barre yazenera monga momwe chiwerengero chasinthira pakukopera. Monga momwe mukuonera, zonsezi zomwe zinali mu ndondomeko yoyamba zomwe zidasinthidwa pamene zikujambula. Zotsatira zake, ndondomekoyi imapereka zotsatira zolakwika. Izi ndizo chifukwa chakuti adiresi yachiwiri yowonjezera, mosiyana ndi yoyamba, kuti chiwerengero choyenera chisasinthike, ndiko kuti, chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika kapena chosasinthika.
- Timabwerera ku gawo loyambirira la chigawochi ndikuyika chizindikiro cha dola pafupi ndi makonzedwe a chinthu chachiwiri mwa njira imodzi yomwe tinayankhulira pamwambapa. Chiyanjano ichi tsopano chachisanu.
- Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsira ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, lembani izo pa tebulo ili m'munsimu.
- Kenaka sankhani gawo lomaliza la ndimeyo. Monga momwe tingathe kuwonera kudzera mu ndondomekoyi, makonzedwe a chinthu choyamba adasinthidwa pamene akukopera, koma adiresi yachiwiri, yomwe timapanga, samasintha.
- Ngati muyika chizindikiro cha dola pamakonzedwe a m'ndandanda, ndiye kuti adiresi ya mndandanda wa chiwonetseroyo idzayankhidwa, ndipo makonzedwe a mzerewo akusinthidwa panthawi yosindikiza.
- Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mutayika chizindikiro cha dola pafupi ndi adiresi ya mzere, ndiye pamene kuyimilira sikusintha, mosiyana ndi adilesi yachinsinsi.
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa makonzedwe a maselo.
Phunziro
Njira 2: Kuponya Maselo
Tsopano tikuphunzira momwe tingakonzere maselo kuti nthawi zonse azikhala pawindo, kulikonse kumene wogwiritsa ntchito akulowa m'munsi mwa pepala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti n'zosatheka kukonza chinthu chosiyana, koma n'zotheka kukonza malo omwe ali.
Ngati selo lofunidwa liri pamzere wapamwamba kwambiri pa pepala kapena kumbali ya kumanzere kwa pepala, ndiye pinning ndi yachiyambi basi.
- Kukonza mzere kuchita zotsatirazi. Pitani ku tabu "Onani" ndipo dinani pa batani "Dinani m'dera"yomwe ili mu zida za zipangizo "Window". Mndandanda wa zolemba zosiyana zowatsegula. Sankhani dzina "Pinani mzere wapamwamba".
- Tsopano ngakhale mutapita kumunsi kwa pepala, mzere woyamba, ndipo motero zomwe mukufuna, zomwe zili mmenemo, zidzakhalabe pamwamba pawindo pazowoneka bwino.
Mofananamo, mukhoza kufalitsa mbali ya kumanzere.
- Pitani ku tabu "Onani" ndipo dinani pa batani "Dinani m'dera". Nthawi ino timasankha njira "Pinani ndime yoyamba".
- Monga momwe mukuonera, gawo lakumanzere lili tsopano.
Mulimonse momwemo, simungathe kukonza chigawo choyamba ndi mzere, koma kawirikawiri gawo lonse kumanzere ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chosankhidwa.
- Makhalidwe ogwira ntchitoyi ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi awiri apitalo. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha chinthu cha pepala, malo omwe ali pamwamba ndi kumanzere omwe adzakhazikitsidwe. Zitatero pitani ku tab "Onani" ndipo dinani pa chithunzi chodziwika bwino "Dinani m'dera". Mu menyu yomwe imatsegula, sankhani chinthucho ndi dzina lomwelo.
- Zitatha izi, malo onse kumanzere ndi pamwamba pa chinthu chosankhidwa adzakhazikitsidwa pa pepala.
Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa maofesiwa, opangidwa motere, ndi osavuta. Kukonzekera kwazomwezo ndizofanana nthawi zonse zomwe wosagwiritsa ntchito sangakonze: mzere, khola kapena dera. Pitani ku tabu "Onani", dinani pazithunzi "Dinani m'dera" ndipo m'ndandanda yomwe imatsegulidwa, sankhani kusankha "Pewani malo". Pambuyo pake, mndandanda uliwonse wa mapepala omwe alipo tsopano sungasunthidwe.
PHUNZIRO: Mmene mungapezere malo ku Excel
Njira 3: Kuteteza Chitetezo
Potsiriza, mutha kuteteza selo kusinthika mwa kulepheretsa luso lopanga kusintha kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Motero, zonse zomwe zili mmenemo zidzasungidwa.
Ngati tebulo lanu silikula ndipo silikupatsani kusintha kulikonse pakapita nthawi, ndiye simungateteze maselo enieni okha, koma pepala lonselo. Ndizosavuta kwambiri.
- Pitani ku tabu "Foni".
- Muzenera lotseguka ku menyu yowonekera, pitani ku gawo "Zambiri". Pakatikati pawindo timasintha palemba "Tetezani buku". Mundandanda wazomwe mukuchita kuti muteteze bukuli, sankhani kusankha "Tetezani pepala laposachedwa".
- Amathamangitsira zenera laling'ono lotchedwa "Chitetezo cha Mapepala". Choyamba, ndikofunikira kulowa mawu achinsinsi pa malo apadera, omwe wogwiritsa ntchito angafunikire ngati akufuna kuteteza chitetezo mtsogolomu kuti asinthe chikalatacho. Kuonjezerapo, ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kukhazikitsa kapena kuchotsa zifukwa zina zoonjezera poyang'ana kapena kutsegula makalata oyang'anitsitsa pafupi ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana pazndandanda yomwe ili pawindo. Koma nthawi zambiri, zosintha zosasinthika zimakhala zofanana ndi ntchitoyo, kotero mungathe kungosankha pa batani mukatha kulowa mawu achinsinsi "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pake, mawindo ena ayambitsidwa, omwe mawu achinsinsi adalowa poyamba ayenera kubwerezedwa. Izi zinachitidwa kuti ogwiritsira ntchito akhale otsimikiza kuti analowa mwachinsinsi chomwe iye anakumbukira ndi kulemba mubokosilo lofanana ndi lolembamo, mwina sangathe kuthandizidwa kukonza chikalatacho. Pambuyo polowanso mawu achinsinsi, dinani pakani "Chabwino".
- Tsopano pamene mukuyesera kusintha chinthu chilichonse cha pepala, ichi chidzatsekedwa. Zenera wowonjezera idzatsegulidwa, kukudziwitsani kuti deta pa pepala lotetezedwa silingasinthe.
Pali njira yina yopezera kusintha kulikonse pazitsamba.
- Pitani kuwindo "Kubwereza" ndipo dinani pazithunzi "Tetezani Tsamba"yomwe imayikidwa pa tepi mu zida za zipangizo "Kusintha".
- Fenje yotetezera pepala, yomwe yatidziŵika kale, imatsegula. Zotsatira zina zonse zikuchitidwa mofanana ndi momwe tafotokozera muyeso lapitalo.
Koma choyenera kuchita chiyani ngati pakufunika kuyimitsa kamodzi kokha kapena maselo angapo, ndipo ena akuyenera, monga kale, kuti alowetse deta momasuka? Pali njira yothetsera vutoli, koma yankho lake ndilovuta kwambiri kuposa vuto lapitalo.
Maselo onse a malembawo, mwachinsinsi, malowa amatetezedwa pamene atsegula pepala lonselo mwazochita zomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Tidzafunika kuchotsa chizindikiro cha chitetezo m'zinthu zazing'ono zonse za pepala, ndi kuziyika kachiwiri muzinthu zomwe ife tikufuna kufalitsa kusintha.
- Dinani pamakona, omwe ali pamphepete mwa magawo osakanikirana ndi ofunjika a makonzedwe. Mukhozanso, ngati chithunzithunzi chiri kumbali iliyonse ya pepala kunja kwa tebulo, pezani makina otentha pamakina Ctrl + A. Zotsatira zidzakhala chimodzimodzi - zonse zomwe zili pa pepala zimatsindikizidwa.
- Kenaka dinani pa malo osankhidwa ndi batani lamanja la mouse. Mu menyu yoyanjanitsidwa, chotsani chinthucho "Sungani maselo ...". Kapena, gwiritsani ntchito njira yochezera Ctrl + 1.
- Yatsegula zenera "Sezani maselo". Nthawi yomweyo timapita ku tabu "Chitetezero". Pano muyenera kutsegula bokosi pafupi ndi parameter "Selo lotetezedwa". Dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Kenaka, tibwerera ku pepala ndikusankha chinthu kapena gulu lomwe tifunika kufalitsa deta. Dinani botani lamanja la gulu pa chidutswa chomwe mwasankha ndikupita ku menyu yoyamba ndi dzina "Sungani maselo ...".
- Atatsegula zenera zowonongeka, pita ku tab "Chitetezero" ndipo dinani bokosi "Selo lotetezedwa". Tsopano inu mukhoza kudinkhani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pake tinayika pepalalo kutetezedwa mwa njira ziwiri izi zomwe tafotokozera poyamba.
Pambuyo pokonza njira zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, maselo okhawo omwe tawaikapo kutetezedwa kudzera mu mapangidwe apamwamba adzatsekedwa kuchokera kusintha. Monga kale, zinthu zina zonse za pepala zidzakhala mfulu kuti zilowetse deta iliyonse.
PHUNZIRO: Mmene mungatetezere selo kuchokera kusintha kwa Excel
Monga mukuonera, pali njira zitatu zokha zowonetsera maselo. Koma ndizofunikira kuzindikira kuti teknoloji yokha yochita njirayi imasiyana m'modzi mwa iwo, komabe komanso kufunika kozizira. Kotero, pa nthawi imodzi, adesi yokha ya pepalayo imayikidwa, yachiwiri - dera likuyimira pazenera, ndipo lachitatu - chitetezo chimayikidwa kusintha kwa deta mu maselo. Choncho, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa musanachite ndondomeko zomwe mungapewe komanso chifukwa chake mukuzichita.
