Ubuntu Internet Connection Kukonzekera Guide

Owerenga ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto pamene akuyesera kukhazikitsa intaneti mu Ubuntu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimakhala chifukwa cha kusadziŵa zambiri, koma pangakhale zifukwa zina. Nkhaniyi idzapereka malangizo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizana ndi kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mavuto onse omwe angatheke panthawiyi.

Kukonzekera intaneti ku Ubuntu

Pali mitundu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito intaneti, koma nkhaniyi idzagwira ntchito yotchuka kwambiri: Network network, PPPoE ndi DIAL-UP. Padzakhalanso kuuzidwa za malo osiyana a seva ya DNS.

Onaninso:
Momwe mungapangire bootable USB galimoto pagalimoto ndi Ubuntu
Momwe mungakhalire Ubuntu kuchokera pa galimoto

Ntchito yokonzekera

Musanayambe kukhazikitsa mgwirizano, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti dongosolo lanu liri okonzekera izi. Mwamsanga m'pofunika kufotokozera kuti malamulo operekedwa "Terminal", amagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri: kufuna ufulu wa wogwiritsa ntchito (pamaso pawo padzakhala chizindikiro $) ndipo kumafuna ufulu wopambana (pachiyambi pali chizindikiro #). Samalani izi, chifukwa popanda zofunikira, malamulo ambiri amakana kukwaniritsa. Ndiyeneranso kufotokoza kuti zilembo zokha ndizo "Terminal" palibe chifukwa cholowa.

Muyenera kumaliza mfundo zingapo:

  • Onetsetsani kuti zofunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithe kugwirizana ndi intaneti zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, kuchita zochitika "Terminal"Ndikoyenera kutsegula Network Manager (chithunzi chachinsinsi pa mbali yoyenera ya gulu lapamwamba).

    Zindikirani: Malinga ndi malo ogwirizanitsa, chizindikiro cha Network Manager chikhoza kuwoneka mosiyana, koma nthawi zonse chiri kumanzere kwa bar.

    Kuti mulephere kugwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili:

    $ sudo amasiya network-manager

    Ndipo kuthamanga, mungagwiritse ntchito izi:

    $ sudo ayambe makampani-network

  • Onetsetsani kuti mawonekedwe a fyuluta ya makanema amasungidwa molondola, ndipo sizikusokoneza kasinthidwe kwa intaneti.
  • Khalani ndi inu zofunikira zolembedwa kuchokera kwa wothandizira, zomwe zimatanthauzira deta yoyenera kuti mukonzeko kugwiritsira ntchito intaneti.
  • Fufuzani madalaivala a khadi la makanema ndi kulumikizana kolondola kwa chingwe chopereka.

Pakati pazinthu zina, muyenera kudziwa dzina la makanema amtaneti. Kuti mudziwe, tanizani "Terminal" mzere uwu:

$ sudo lshw -C Network

Zotsatira zake, mudzawona zinthu monga zotsatirazi:

Onaninso: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Linux Terminal

Dzina la adaputala yanu ya makanema lidzakhala pafupi ndi mawu "dzina lolondola". Pankhaniyi "enp3s0". Ili ndilo dzina limene lidzawonekera mu nkhaniyo, mukhoza kukhala nalo losiyana.

Zindikirani: Ngati muli ndi ma adapitala ambirimbiri omwe ali pa kompyuta yanu, iwo adzawerengedwa molingana (enp3s0, enp3s1, enp3s2, ndi zina zotero). Sankhani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, ndikugwiritseni ntchito pazowonjezera.

Njira 1: Kutseka

"Terminal" - Ichi ndi chida chokhazikitsa zonse mu Ubuntu. Ndicho, kudzatha kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa intaneti wa mitundu yonse, yomwe idzakambidwe tsopano.

Wired Network Setup

Kukonzekera kwa ubuntu wotsatsira makina kumachitika powonjezera magawo atsopano pa fayilo yosinthidwa "interfaces". Choncho, choyamba muyenera kutsegula fayilo yomweyi:

$ sudo gedit / etc / network / interfaces

Dziwani: lamulo limagwiritsa ntchito Gedit text editor kuti limasulidwe fayilo yosinthidwa, koma mukhoza kulemba mkonzi wina aliyense, mwachitsanzo, vi, mu gawo lomwelo.

Onaninso: Olemba Mabaibulo otchuka

Tsopano muyenera kusankha mtundu wa IP wanu wopereka. Pali mitundu iwiri: yolimba komanso yamphamvu. Ngati simukudziwa bwino, ndiye kuitanitsa. chithandizo ndikufunsana ndi wogwira ntchitoyo.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiyang'ane ndi IP yamphamvu - njira yake ndi yosavuta. Pambuyo polowera lamulo lapitalo, mufayilo lotseguka, tchulani mitundu yotsatirayi:

lembani dzina [mawonekedwe] mu inet dhcp
galimoto [dzina lachinsinsi]

Kumeneko

  • lembani dzina [mawonekedwe] mu inet dhcp - amatanthauza mawonekedwe omwe amasankhidwa omwe ali ndi ma intaneti apamwamba (dhcp);
  • galimoto [dzina lachinsinsi] - polowetsa zimapangitsanso kugwirizanitsa ndi mawonekedwe onsewa.

Pambuyo polowera muyenera kupeza chinthu chonga ichi:

Musaiwale kusunga zonse zomwe zasintha podindira pa batani yoyenera kumtunda kumene kuli mkonzi.

Zimakhala zovuta kukonza static IP. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kudziwa mitundu yonse. Mu fayilo yosintha muyenera kulowa mzere wotsatira:

lembani [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet static
[adilesi]
netmask [aderesi]
chipata
dns-nameservers [adilesi]
galimoto [dzina lachinsinsi]

Kumeneko

  • lembani [mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe] inet static - afotokozera aderese ya IP adapter monga static;
  • [adilesi] - amadziwitsa adiresi yanu ya port ethernet mu kompyuta;

    Zindikirani: Adilesi ya IP ingapezeke mwa kugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la ifconfig. Mu zotsatira, muyenera kuyang'ana mtengo pambuyo pa "inet addr" - iyi ndi adresi ya phukusi.

  • netmask [aderesi] - amadziwika kuti subnet mask;
  • chipata - amasonyeza adresi ya chipata;
  • dns-nameservers [adilesi] - amasankha seva la DNS;
  • galimoto [dzina lachinsinsi] - imagwirizanitsa ndi khadi lapadera la makanema pamene OS ikuyamba.

Mutatha kulowa zonsezi, mudzawona zinthu monga zotsatirazi:

Musaiwale kusunga magawo onse olowera musanatseke mkonzi.

Mwa zina, mu Ubuntu OS, mukhoza kupanga malo osakhalitsa kuti muzitha kulumikiza pa intaneti. Zimasiyanasiyana chifukwa chakuti deta yolongosoka siinasinthe mafayilo okonzera, ndipo pambuyo poyambanso PC, zoikidwiratu zonse zomwe zanenedwa kale zidzabwezeretsedwa. Ngati ili nthawi yanu yoyamba kuyesa kukhazikitsa ubale wotsatila pa Ubuntu, ndiye njira iyi ikulimbikitsidwa kuyamba ndi.

Zigawo zonse zimayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo limodzi:

$ sudo ip addr kuwonjezera 10.2.119.116/24 dev enp3s0

Kumeneko

  • 10.2.119.116 - IP-adiresi ya khadi la makanema (mungakhale nalo lina);
  • /24 - chiwerengero cha ma bits mu gawo loyamba la aderi;
  • enp3s0 - mawonekedwe a makanema omwe ogwiritsira ntchito chingwe akugwirizanako.

Lowetsani deta yonse yofunikira ndikuyitanitsa "Terminal", mukhoza kuyang'ana molondola. Ngati intaneti ikuwoneka pa PC, ndiye kuti zonsezi ndi zolondola, ndipo zingathe kulowa fayilo yosinthika.

Kuika DNS

Kukhazikitsa DNS kugwirizana mu Ubuntu osiyanasiyana kumachitika mosiyana. M'masinthidwe a OS kuchokera 12.04 - njira imodzi, poyamba - ina. Tidzakambirana zokhazokha zogwirizanitsa, monga zowonjezera zimatanthawuza kudzidzimutsa kokha kwa maseva a DNS.

Kuyika muzosinthidwa za OS pamwamba pa 12.04 kumawoneka pa fayilo yodziwika kale. "interfaces". Ndikofunika kulemba chingwe "dns-nameservers" ndi miyezo yogawanitsa malo.

Kotero choyamba mutsegule "Terminal" fayilo yosintha "interfaces":

$ sudo gedit / etc / network / interfaces

Kuwonjezera pa mkonzi wamasamba wotsegula lowetsani mzere wotsatira:

dns-nameservers [adilesi]

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kupeza chinachake chonga ichi, zokhazokha zikhoza kukhala zosiyana:

Ngati mukufuna kupanga DNS mu Ubuntu poyamba, tsamba lokonzekera lidzakhala losiyana. Tsegulani "Terminal":

$ sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

Pambuyo pake mukhoza kukhazikitsa ma Adresse afunikira. Ndiyenera kukumbukira kuti, mosiyana ndi kulowa magawo "interfaces"mu "resolv.conf" Maadiresi amalembedwa nthawi iliyonse ndi ndime, chiganizochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pasanakhale mtengo "nameserver" (popanda ndemanga).

Kukonzekera kwa PPPoE

Konzani PPPoE kudzera "Terminal" sichikutanthauza kuyika kwa magawo ambiri mu mafayilo osiyanitsa pa kompyuta. M'malo mwake, gulu limodzi lokha lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Choncho, kuti mupange ulalo-point-point (PPPoE), muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:

  1. Mu "Terminal" Chitani:

    $ sudo pppoeconf

  2. Yembekezerani kuti kompyuta iwonetsetse kuti pakhale mawonekedwe a makanema ndi ma modems omwe akugwirizana nawo.

    Zindikirani: ngati ntchitoyo sipeze kachipatala molingana ndi chiwerengero chonse, yang'anani ngati chingwe cha wothandizira chikugwirizana bwino ndi mphamvu ya modem, ngati ilipo.

  3. Muwindo lomwe likuwonekera, sankhani khadi la makanema limene chingwe chothandizira chikugwirizanitsa (ngati muli ndi makanema amodzi, zenera izi zidzasweka).
  4. Muwindo "lotchuka kwambiri", dinani "Inde".

  5. Lowani lolowera, limene linaperekedwa ndi wopereka wanu, ndipo tsimikizani zotsatirazo. Kenaka lowetsani mawu achinsinsi.

  6. Pawindo la kusankha tsatanetsatane wa maseva a DNS, dinani "Inde"ngati ma Adresse a IP ali amphamvu, ndipo "Ayi"ngati zimakhala zokhazikika. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, lowetsani seva ya DNS pamanja.

  7. Kenaka ntchitoyi idzapempha chilolezo cholepheretsa kukula kwa MSS kufika 1452-byte - kupereka chilolezo mwa kuwonekera "Inde".

  8. Mu sitepe yotsatira, muyenera kupereka chilolezo kuti mutumikire ku makina a PPPoE pamene makompyuta akuyamba mwa kuwonekera "Inde".
  9. Muwindo lotsiriza, ntchitoyi idzapempha chilolezo chokhazikitsa kulumikiza pakali pano - dinani "Inde".

Pambuyo pazochita zonse zomwe mwachita, kompyuta yanu idzakhazikitsa kugwirizana kwa intaneti, ngati mutachita zonse bwino.

Dziwani kuti ntchito yosasintha pppoeconf mayina amalumikizana dsl-wopereka. Ngati mukufuna kuswa, mugwiritseni "Terminal" lamulo:

$ sudo poff dsl-wothandizira

Kuti mukhazikitse mgwirizano kachiwiri, yesani:

$ sudo pon dsl-wothandizira

Zindikirani: ngati mutumikiza ku intaneti pogwiritsira ntchito pppoeconf, ndiye kuti kasitomala kasamalidwe kudzera pa Network Manager sichidzatheka chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa magawo a fayilo "interfaces". Kuti mukhazikitse zoikidwiratu zonse ndikusintha ulamuliro ku Network Manager, muyenera kutsegula fayilo ya interfaces ndikubwezerani zonse zomwe zili m'munsiyi. Mutalowa, sungani kusintha ndikuyambiranso ukonde ndi lamulo "$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart" (popanda ndemanga). Onetsani kachidindo ka Network Manager pogwiritsa ntchito "$ sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager" "(popanda ndemanga).

Kukhazikitsa kugwirizana kwatsopano

Kukonzekera DIAL-UP, mungagwiritse ntchito zothandizira ziwiri: pppconfig ndi wvdial.

Ikani kugwirizana ndi pppconfig zosavuta. Kawirikawiri, njira iyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi yoyamba (pppoeconf): Mudzafunsidwa mafunso mofananamo, kuyankha kuti muyonse mungathe kukhazikitsa intaneti. Choyamba mutumikire nokha:

$ sudo pppconfig

Pambuyo pake mutsatire malangizo. Ngati simukudziwa mayankho ena, ndikulimbikitsana kuti muyankhule ndi opareshoni awo. thandizani wopereka wanu ndikufunsani naye. Pambuyo pokwaniritsa zonse zoikidwiratu ulalowu udzakhazikitsidwa.

Ponena za kukonda kugwiritsa ntchito wvdialndiye zimakhala zovuta pang'ono. Choyamba muyenera kuyika phukusi palokha "Terminal". Kuti muchite izi, yesani lamulo lotsatira:

$ sudo apt install wvdial

Zimaphatikizapo ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito kuti imangidwe bwinobwino. Icho chimatchedwa "wvdialconf". Kuthamanga:

$ sudo wvdialconf

Atatha kuphedwa "Terminal" Zigawo zambiri ndi zizindikiro zidzawonetsedwa - sizikuyenera kuti zizimvedwe. Mukungodziwa kuti ntchitoyi yakhazikitsa fayilo yapadera. "wvdial.conf", zomwe zinapanga magawo ofunikira, kuziwerenga pa modem. Kenaka muyenera kusintha fayilo yokonzedwa. "wvdial.conf"tiyeni tizitsegula "Terminal":

$ sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

Monga momwe mukuonera, zambiri mwazimenezo zatchulidwa kale, koma mfundo zitatu zotsiriza ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Muyenera kulembetsa mwa nambala nambala ya foni, lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi, motsatira. Komabe, musathamangitse kutseka fayilo, kuti mupite ntchito yowonjezera bwino ndikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera magawo ena ochepa:

  • Masekondi opanda pake = 0 - kugwirizana sikudzathyoledwa ngakhale pokhala opanda ntchito yaitali pa kompyuta;
  • Yesani Kuyesera = 0 - amapanga zamuyaya kuyesa kugwirizana;
  • Dulani Command = ATDP - kujambula kudzachitika mwa njira yopita.

Zotsatira zake, fayilo yosinthika idzawoneka ngati iyi:

Chonde dziwani kuti zoikidwiratu zagawanika kukhala awiri, omwe ali ndi mayina mu mabakiteriya. Izi ndizofunikira kupanga mapulogalamu awiri ogwiritsira ntchito magawo. Kotero, magawo pansi "[Dialer Defaults]"nthawizonse zidzachitidwa, ndi pansi "[Dialer puls]" - posonyeza njira yoyenera mu lamulo.

Pambuyo pokonza zonse, kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa DIAL-UP, muyenera kuyendetsa izi:

$ sudo wvdial

Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa kugwirizana, ndiye kulemba izi:

$ sudo wvdial pulse

Kuti muwononge kugwirizana kumeneku, mu "Terminal" muyenera kusindikiza kuphatikiza Ctrl + C.

Njira 2: Mtsogoleri wa Network

Ubuntu ali ndi ntchito yapadera yomwe ingathandize kukhazikitsa kugwirizana kwa mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo. Komanso, ili ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera. Izi ndi Network Manager, yomwe imatchedwa podalira chizindikiro chofanana chomwe chili kumbali yowongoka.

Wired Network Setup

Tiyambanso chimodzimodzi ndi makonzedwe a makina oweta. Choyamba muyenera kutsegulira zokhazokha. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pazithunzi zake ndipo dinani "Sinthani ma Connections" mu menyu yachidule. Kenako pawindo limene likuwonekera, chitani zotsatirazi:

  1. Dinani pa batani "Onjezerani".

  2. Muwindo lomwe likuwonekera, kuchokera pazomwe akutsitsa pansi, sankhani chinthucho "Ethernet" ndipo pezani "Pangani ...".

  3. Muwindo latsopano, tchulani dzina la kulumikizana mu gawo lomwelo.

  4. Mu tab "Ethernet" kuchokera mndandanda wochepetsedwa "Chipangizo" onetsetsani khadi lachitetezo ntchito.

  5. Pitani ku tabu "General" ndipo ikani nkhuni pafupi ndi zinthuzo "Yambani mwachindunji ku intaneti iyi ikapezeka" ndi "Ogwiritsa ntchito onse angagwirizane ndi makina awa".

  6. Mu tab "IPv4" fotokozerani njira yoyenera monga "Momwemo (DHCP)" - chifukwa chothandizira kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi static, muyenera kusankha chinthucho "Buku" ndipo tchulani magawo onse ofunika omwe wothandizira wakupatsani.

  7. Pakani phokoso Sungani ".

Pambuyo pa masitepe onsewa, chingwe chowongolera pa intaneti chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati izi sizichitika, onetsetsani zonse zomwe mwazilemba, mwina munalakwitsa kwinakwake. Ndiponso, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane ngati bokosili likufufuzidwa. "Network Management" m'menyu yowonongeka ya ntchito.

Nthawi zina zimathandiza kukhazikitsa kompyuta.

Kuika DNS

Kuti mukhazikitse mgwirizano, mungafunikire kupanga manambala DNS maselo. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:

  1. Tsegulani mawindo okhudzana ndi makanema mu Network Manager posankha zofunikira kuchokera menyu "Sinthani ma Connections".
  2. Muzenera yotsatira, tchulani mgwirizano womwe unapangidwa kale ndipo dinani "Sinthani".

  3. Chotsatira, pitani ku tabu "IPv4" ndi mndandanda "Kuyika Njira" dinani "Momwemo (DHCP, adresi yokha)". Ndiye mu mzere "DNS Seva" lowetsani deta yofunikira, kenako dinani Sungani ".

Pambuyo pa izi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa DNS kungatengedwe kukhala kokwanira. Ngati palibe kusintha, yesetsani kuyambanso kompyuta kuti ikhale yoyenera.

Pulogalamu ya PPPoE

Kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa PPPoE mu Network Manager ndi kosavuta "Terminal". Ndipotu, muyenera kufotokoza kokha lolowera ndi mawu achinsinsi omwe amalandira kuchokera kwa wothandizira. Koma taganizirani zambiri.

  1. Tsegulani mawindo onse ogwirizana pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Network Manager ndi kusankha "Sinthani ma Connections".
  2. Dinani "Onjezerani"ndiyeno kuchokera mndandandanda wazowonongeka kusankha "DSL". Pakutha "Pangani ...".

  3. Muwindo lomwe likuwonekera, lowetsani dzina la kugwirizana, lomwe lidzasonyezedwe mu menyu yoyenera.
  4. Mu tab "DSL" lembani kutsegula ndi mawu achinsinsi pazinthu zoyenera. Mwasankha, mukhoza kutanthauzira dzina la utumiki, koma izi ndizosankha.

  5. Dinani tabu "General" ndipo fufuzani bokosi pafupi ndi zinthu ziwiri zoyamba.

  6. Mu tab "Ethernet" mu mndandanda wotsika "Chipangizo" pezani khadi yanu ya makanema.

  7. Pitani ku "IPv4" ndi kufotokozera njira yokonzekera monga "Momwemo (PPPoE)" ndipo sungani kusankha kwanu podina batani yoyenera. Ngati mukufuna kulowa seva ya DNS pamanja, sankhani "Momwemo (PPPoE, adilesi okha)" ndi kuyika magawo omwe mukufuna, ndiye dinani Sungani ". Ndipo ngati zowonongeka zonse ziyenera kulembedwa mwadongosolo, sankhani chinthucho ndi dzina lomwelo ndikuziika muzinthu zoyenera.

Tsopano kugwirizana kwatsopano kwa DSL kwawoneka mu Network Manager menu, posankha zomwe mungapeze pa intaneti. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi zina mumayambitsa kompyuta yanu kuti zisinthe.

Kutsiliza

Zotsatira zake, tikhoza kunena kuti machitidwe a Ubuntu ali ndi zida zambiri zowonjezera kufunikira kwa intaneti. Woyang'anira Network Network ali ndi mawonekedwe ofotokoza, omwe amathandiza kwambiri ntchito, makamaka oyamba. Komabe "Terminal" kukulolani kuti mupange zosintha zambiri mwa kulowa magawo omwe sali othandizira.

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