Inkscape ndi chida chodziwika kwambiri popanga zithunzi za vector. Chifaniziro mmenemo sichingatengedwe ndi pixelisi, koma mothandizidwa ndi mizere yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe. Chimodzi mwa ubwino waukulu wa njirayi ndi kuthekera kwakulumikiza fano popanda kutaya khalidwe, zomwe sizingatheke ndi zithunzi za raster. M'nkhani ino tidzakuuzani za njira zoyenera kugwira ntchito mu Inkscape. Kuwonjezera apo, tidzasanthula mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndikupatsani malangizo.
Sakani njira yatsopano ya Inkscape
Zowonjezera za Inkscape
Nkhaniyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito a Inkscape. Choncho, tidzangonena za njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ndi mkonzi. Ngati mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi muli ndi mafunso, mukhoza kuwafunsa mu ndemanga.
Ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe
Tisanayambe kufotokoza zofunikira za mkonzi, tifuna kufotokozera pang'ono momwe mawonekedwe a Inkscape amagwirira ntchito. Izi zidzakuthandizani m'tsogolomu kuti mupeze mwamsanga izi kapena zida zina ndikuyendetsa ntchito. Pambuyo poyambanso, mndandanda wazenera ali ndi mawonekedwe awa.
Zonsezi, palipadera 6:
Menyu yaikulu
Pano pali mawonekedwe apansi ndi zinthu zochepetsedwa zomwe zimagwira ntchito zothandiza kwambiri zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito popanga zithunzi. M'nkhani zotsatirazi, tidzakambirana ena mwa iwo. Mosiyana, Ndikufuna kutchula menyu yoyamba - "Foni". Pano pali magulu otchuka otere omwe alipo "Tsegulani", Sungani ", "Pangani" ndi Lembani ".
Ntchito imayamba ndi iye nthawi zambiri. Mwachindunji, pamene Inkscape yakhazikitsidwa, malo ogwirira ntchito 210 × 297 mm (A4 pepala) amapangidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, magawowa akhoza kusinthidwa pa ndime "Zolemba Zamakalata". Mwa njira, ili pano kuti pa nthawi iliyonse mungasinthe mtundu wachikulire wa chinsalu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wolembedwa, mudzawona zenera latsopano. Momwemo, mungathe kukhazikitsa kukula kwa malo ogwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi miyezo yodziwika bwino kapena kuwonetsera nokha mtengo wanu pazinthu zoyenera. Kuphatikizanso, mutha kusintha kayendedwe ka vutolo, chotsani malire ndi kuyika mtundu wachikulire wa kanema.
Tikulimbikitsanso kulowa mndandanda. Sintha ndi kuwonetsa mawonetsedwe a gulu la mbiriyakale lachithunzi. Izi zidzakulolani kuti musinthe ntchito imodzi kapena yowonjezera nthawi iliyonse. Tsambali lidzatsegulidwa kumanja kwa mkonzi wawindo.
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Ndilo gululi lomwe inu mudzalitchula nthawi zonse pamene mukujambula. Nazi zonse mawonekedwe ndi ntchito. Kusankha chinthu chomwe mukufuna, dinani pazithunzi zake kamodzi ndi batani lamanzere. Ngati mutangoyang'ana pa chithunzi cha chidachi, mudzawona zenera lokhala ndi mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi dzina ndi ndondomeko.
Zida zamatabwa
Ndi gulu ili lazinthu mungathe kusintha zomwe mwasankha. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyendetsa, kukula kwake, kukula kwake, malingaliro, chiwerengero cha angles, ndi zina. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi zosankha zake.
Kusankha Njira Zowonjezeramo ndi Bar Command
Mwachikhazikitso, iwo amapezeka mbali ndi mbali, pamanja pomwe pawindo lazenera ndikuwoneka ngati awa:
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, mawonekedwe osankhidwa (omwe ndi dzina lovomerezeka) amakulolani kuti musankhe ngati chinthu chanu chitha kulumikizana ndi chinthu china. Ngati ndi choncho, kodi ndibwino kuti muzichita - ku malo, malo, malangizo, ndi zina zotero. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kuletsa zonse zomangiriza. Izi zimachitika mwa kukanikiza batani lomwe liri pamphindi.
Pa bar ya lamulo, nayenso, anapanga zinthu zazikulu kuchokera pa menyu "Foni", komanso kuwonjezera ntchito zofunika monga kudzaza, kukula, magulu a zinthu ndi ena.
Makina ojambula ndi bar
Madera awiriwa ali pafupi. Iwo ali pansi pazenera ndipo amawoneka ngati awa:
Pano mungasankhe mtundu wofunikila wa mawonekedwe, mudzaze kapena kupweteka. Kuphatikizanso, pali chiyeso pa tsamba lolembera lomwe lingakuthandizeni kuti muzitha kulowa kapena kutuluka. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, izi siziri zoyenera kuchita. Ingogwirani chinsinsi "Ctrl" pa kibokosiko ndi kutembenuza gudumu la gudumu mmwamba kapena pansi.
Malo ogwira ntchito
Ili ndilo gawo lapakati pazenera lazenera. Apa ndi kumene tchisi yanu ilipo. Pakati pa chiwonetsero cha malo ogwira ntchito, mudzawona ogwedeza omwe akulolani kuti muzitha kuwombera pawindo kapena pamene mukuyang'ana. Pamwamba ndi kumanzere ndi olamulira. Zimakupatsani inu kudziwa kukula kwa chiwerengerocho, komanso kuyika malangizo ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuti muyambe kutsogoleredwa, tangolani phokoso pa wolamulira wosasunthika kapena wowongoka, kenaka gwirani batani lamanzere la khomo ndipo yesani mzere umene ukuwonekera mu njira yomwe mukufuna. Ngati mukufuna kuchotsa chotsatiracho, ndiye kuti muchotsenso kwa wolamulira.
Ndizo zonse zomwe timakonda kukuuzani poyamba. Tsopano tiyeni tipite molunjika ku zitsanzo zothandiza.
Ikani chithunzi kapena pangani kanema
Ngati mutsegula chithunzi cha bitmap mu mkonzi, mukhoza kuchikonzekera kapena kutsegula chithunzi cha vector kutsatira chitsanzo.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito menyu "Foni" kapena kusakaniza kwakukulu "Ctrl + O" Tsegulani zenera zosankhidwa. Lembani zolemba zomwe mukufuna ndipo pindani batani "Tsegulani".
- Mawonekedwe akuwonekera ndi zosankha zowonjezera chithunzi cha raster ku Inkscape. Zinthu zonse zasinthika ndipo pezani batani. "Chabwino".
Zotsatira zake, chithunzi chosankhidwa chidzawonekera pa malo ogwira ntchito. Kukula kwa chinsalu kudzakhala chimodzimodzi ndi chisankho cha fanolo. Kwa ife, izi ndi pixels 1920 × 1080. Ikhoza nthawizonse kusinthidwa kukhala chinthu chinanso. Monga tanenera kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, khalidwe la chithunzi sichidzasintha. Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito fano lililonse ngati gwero, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito kansalu kamene kamangokhalako.
Dulani chidutswa cha fano
Nthawi zina pangakhale vuto pamene mukukonzekera simukusowa fano lonse, koma malo ake enieni. Pankhaniyi, izi ndizo:
- Kusankha chida "Rectangles ndi square".
- Sankhani gawo la fano lomwe mukufuna kudula. Kuti tichite izi, timamangiriza chithunzichi ndi batani lamanzere ndipo timakoka kumbali iliyonse. Tulutsani botani lamanzere la mouse ndi kuwona rectangle. Ngati mukufunika kusintha malire, ndiye gwiritsani pepala pa imodzi mwa ngodya ndikuchotsamo.
- Chotsatira, sintha ku machitidwe "Kudzipatula ndi Kusintha".
- Gwirani fungulo pa kambokosi "Kusintha" ndipo dinani batani lamanzere lamanzere pamalo alionse omwe ali osankhidwa.
- Tsopano pitani ku menyu "Cholinga" ndipo sankhani chinthu chomwe chikulembedwa pa chithunzi chili pansipa.
Chotsatira chake, malo okha omwe asankhidwa a kanema adzatsala. Mukhoza kupita ku sitepe yotsatira.
Gwiritsani ntchito zigawo
Kuyika zinthu pamagulu osiyanasiyana sikudzangotulutsa mpatawo, koma pewani kusintha mwadzidzidzi mujambula.
- Timakanikizira mgwirizano wachinsinsi pa kibokosi "Ctrl + Shift + L" kapena batani "Palette yachindunji" pa bar bar.
- Muwindo latsopano limene limatsegula, dinani batani. "Onjezerani".
- Firiji yaying'ono idzawonekera momwe muyenera kupatsa dzina kwa wosanjikiza watsopano. Lowani dzina ndipo dinani "Onjezerani".
- Tsopano sankhani chithunzichi ndipo dinani ndi batani lamanja la mouse. Mu menyu yachidule, dinani pa mzere Pitani ku Gawo.
- Zenera zidzawonekera. Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani chingwe chimene chithunzicho chidzasamutsidwa, ndipo dinani batani lovomerezeka.
- Ndizo zonse. Chithunzichi chinali pazowonekera. Kuti mukhale odalirika, mukhoza kuwongolera mwa kuwonekera pa chithunzi cha loko pafupi ndi dzina.
Mwanjira iyi, mukhoza kupanga zigawo zambiri monga momwe mumakonda ndikusinthira mawonekedwe kapena chinthu chomwe mukufuna.
Zojambula Zojambula ndi Zogonera
Kuti mutenge zithunzi izi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chida chofanana. Zotsatira za zochita zidzakhala motere:
- Dinani kamodzi ndi batani lamanzere lachitsulo pa batani la chinthu chofanana pazenera.
- Pambuyo pake, sungani ndondomeko yamagulu pamsana. Gwirani batani la penti ndikuyamba kukoka chithunzi chowoneka cha makoswe mu njira yolondola. Ngati mukufunika kujambula masentimita, ingogwirani "Ctrl" pamene akukoka.
- Ngati inu mutsegula pa chinthu chomwe chili ndi batani lamanja la mouse ndipo sankhani chinthucho kuchokera kumenyu yomwe ikuwonekera Lembani ndi Kukwapulandiye mukhoza kusintha zofanana. Izi zimaphatikizapo mtundu, mtundu ndi makulidwe a mkangano, komanso zinthu zofanana.
- Pazitsulo yazitali za zida zomwe mungapezepo monga "Zosasintha" ndi Vesi Radius. Mwa kusintha makhalidwe awa, mumayendetsa m'mphepete mwa mawonekedwe. Mungathe kusintha zotsatirazi powasindikiza batani. "Chotsani makona ozungulira".
- Mukhoza kusuntha chinthucho pa chingwe pogwiritsa ntchito chida "Kudzipatula ndi Kusintha". Kuti muchite izi, ingogwirani pepala pangodya ndikusunthira ku malo abwino.
Kujambula mabwalo ndi ovals
Mizere yozungulira ku Inkscape imayendetsedwa mofanana ndi makoswe.
- Sankhani chida choyenera.
- Pakhoma, chani bokosi lamanzere la mouse ndikusuntha chithunzithunzi mu njira yomwe mukufuna.
- Pogwiritsira ntchito katunduyo, mukhoza kusintha malingaliro onse a bwalo ndi kayendedwe kawo. Kuti muchite izi, ingofotokozani digiri yoyenerera yomwe ili yoyenera ndikusankha imodzi mwa mitundu itatu.
- Monga momwe zilili ndi makoswe, mabwalo angakonzedwe kudzaza ndi kusinthasintha mtundu kudzera mndandanda wa masewera.
- Chinthucho chimasunthira pazitsulo ndikugwiritsanso ntchito ntchitoyi "Yambitsani".
Kujambula nyenyezi ndi ma polygoni
Ma polygoni a Inkscape akhoza kutengedwa mumasekondi pang'ono chabe. Kwa ichi pali chida chapadera chomwe chimakulolani kuti muwerenge ziwerengero za mtundu uwu.
- Gwiritsani ntchito chidachi pamanja "Nyenyezi ndi Polygoni".
- Kanizani batani lamanzere pamsana ndikusuntha chithunzithunzi mu njira iliyonse yomwe ilipo. Chifukwa chake, mumapeza chiwerengero chotsatira.
- M'zinthu za chida ichi, mukhoza kukhazikitsa magawo monga "Chiwerengero cha ma angles", "Radius ratio", "Kuzungulira" ndi "Kusokonezeka". Kusintha iwo, mudzapeza zotsatira zosiyana.
- Zida monga mtundu, stroke, ndi kusuntha kudutsa pa chinsalu zimasintha mofanana ndi momwe zilili kale.
Kujambula mizimu
Ichi ndi chifaniziro chomaliza chimene tikufuna kukuwuzani mu nkhaniyi. Njira yojambula ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zapitazo.
- Sankhani chinthu pa toolbar "Mizimu".
- Lembani pa malo ogwira ntchito ndi LMB ndikusunthira ndondomeko ya ndodo, popanda kumasula batani, kumbali iliyonse.
- Pa bar bar, nthawi zonse mungasinthe chiwerengero cha maulendo a helix, chiwonetsero chake cha mkati ndi chizindikiro chosagwirizana.
- Chida "Yambitsani" imakulolani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe ndi kusuntha mkati mwazitsulo.
Kusintha nodes ndi levers
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero chonsecho ndi chophweka, chirichonse cha izo chingasinthidwe mopanda kuzindikira. Chifukwa cha izi komanso zithunzi zojambula zithunzi. Pofuna kusintha mfundo zowonjezera, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Sankhani chinthu chilichonse chochotsedwa ndi chida "Yambitsani".
- Kenako, pitani ku menyu "Kutsutsana" ndipo sankhani chinthu kuchokera mndandanda wa mauthenga "Chotsutsana".
- Pambuyo pake, yatsani chida "Kusintha nodes ndi levers".
- Tsopano mukuyenera kusankha chiwerengero chonse. Ngati mwachita zonse molondola, zizindikirozo zidzakhala zojambula muzodzaza mtundu wa chinthucho.
- Pakhomo la katundu, dinani batani loyamba. "Yesani node".
- Zotsatira zake, zatsopano zidzawoneka pakati pa node zomwe zilipo kale.
Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa osati ndi chiwerengero chonse, koma ndi gawo lake losankhidwa. Mwa kuwonjezera zizindikiro zatsopano, mukhoza kusintha mawonekedwe a chinthucho mochulukirapo. Kuti muchite izi, ingolumikizani mbewa pa ndondomeko yomwe mukufuna, gwiritsani LMB ndikuonjezera zomwe mukufunayo. Kuphatikiza apo, mungagwiritse ntchito chida ichi kuti mukoke pamphepete. Choncho, malo a chinthucho adzakhala concave kapena convex.
Kujambula zokondweretsa
Ndi ntchitoyi mukhoza kukoka mizere yolunjika ndi mawonekedwe osasinthasintha. Chilichonse chikuchitidwa mwachidule.
- Sankhani chida ndi dzina loyenera.
- Ngati mukufuna kutulutsa mzere wosasunthika, tsambani batani lamanzere pamsana kulikonse. Ichi chidzakhala chiyambi chojambula. Pambuyo pake, sungani chithunzithunzi chakulowera komwe mukufuna kuwona mzere womwewo.
- Mukhozanso kudinkhani kamodzi ndi batani lamanzere pamsana ndi kutambasula pointer njira iliyonse. Chotsatira ndicho mzere wokongola kwambiri.
Onani kuti mizere, ngati maonekedwe, ingasunthidwe pamtsinje, zigawo zosinthidwa ndi zosinthidwa.
Kujambula makomo a Bezier
Chida ichi chilolanso kugwira ntchito ndi mizere yolunjika. Zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri pamene mukufunikira kupanga ndondomeko ya chinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yolunjika kapena kukoka chinachake.
- Yambitsani ntchito, yomwe imatchedwa - "Mazenera a Bezier ndi mizere yolunjika".
- Kenaka, kanizani kani-kamodzi kokha pamzere. Mfundo iliyonse idzagwirizanitsidwa ndi mzere wowongoka ndi wapitawo. Ngati panthawi yomweyi mutenga pepala, ndiye kuti mutha kugwedeza mzerewu.
- Monga mwa zochitika zina zonse, nthawi iliyonse mukhoza kuwonjezera zizindikiro zatsopano ku mizere yonse, kusinthira ndi kusuntha chinthu chachithunzichi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera cha calligraphic
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, chida ichi chidzakulolani kupanga zolemba zabwino kapena zigawo za fanolo. Kuti muchite izi, ingosankhirani, sungani malo (angle, kukonza, m'lifupi, ndi zina zotero) ndipo mukhoza kuyamba kujambula.
Kuwonjezera malemba
Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mizere, mu mkonzi wofotokozedwa mungagwiritsenso ntchito ndi malemba. Chinthu chosiyana ndi ichi ndi chakuti poyamba mawuwo akhoza kulembedwa ngakhale mndandanda wazing'ono kwambiri. Koma ngati muonjezera mpaka pamtunda, khalidwe lachifaniziro silingatheke. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito malemba mu Inkscape ndi yosavuta.
- Kusankha chida "Zinthu Zolemba".
- Timawonetsera katundu wake pamtundu womwewo.
- Ikani cholozera mmalo mwachitsulo kumene ife tikufuna kuti tiyikepo. M'tsogolomu akhoza kusuntha. Choncho, sikofunikira kuchotsa zotsatira ngati mwangozi munaika mawuwo pamalo olakwika.
- Amangokhala kuti alembe malemba omwe akufuna.
Chopopera mankhwala
Pali chinthu chimodzi chochititsa chidwi mu mkonzi uyu. Ikuthandizani kuti mudzaze malo onse ogwira ntchito ndi ziwerengero zofanana mu masekondi angapo chabe. Pali malonda ambiri a ntchitoyi, choncho tinasankha kuti tisadutse.
- Chinthu choyamba chimene mukufunika kukokera pa chinsalu ndi mawonekedwe kapena chinthu chilichonse.
- Kenako, sankhani ntchitoyo "Zopopera".
- Mudzawona bwalo lamtundu wina. Sinthani zinthu zake, ngati kuli kofunikira. Izi zimaphatikizapo chigawo cha bwalo, chiwerengero cha mawonekedwe omwe angakopedwe, ndi zina zotero.
- Chotsani chida cha malo pamalo opangira malo omwe mukufuna kupanga maoneshoni a chinthu choyambirira.
- Gwiritsani LMB ndikuugwiritsabe malinga ndi momwe mukuonera.
Zotsatira zomwe muyenera kukhala nazo za zotsatirazi.
Kutulutsa zinthu
Mwinamwake mukuvomerezana ndi mfundo yakuti kujambula konse sikungakhoze kuchita popanda eraser. Ndipo Inkscape ndizosiyana. Tikufuna kuti tiyankhule za momwe tingachotsere zinthu zojambulajambula kuchokera muzitsulo.
Mwachinsinsi, chinthu chirichonse kapena gulu la iwo angasankhidwe pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyo "Yambitsani". Ngati mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo pamakani "Del" kapena "Chotsani", ndiye zinthu zonse zidzachotsedwa. Koma ngati mutasankha chida chapadera, mukhoza kuchotsa zigawo zina chabe za fano kapena fano. Ntchitoyi imagwira ntchito pamtundu wa eraser ku Photoshop.
Ndizo njira zonse zomwe tingakonde kukambirana m'nkhaniyi. Mwa kuwaphatikiza iwo ndi wina ndi mzake, mukhoza kupanga zithunzi zojambula. Inde, mu arsenal ya Inkscape pali zina zambiri zothandiza. Koma kuti muwagwiritse ntchito, nkofunika kukhala ndi chidziwitso chozama. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi iliyonse mungathe kufunsa funso lanu mu ndemanga za nkhaniyi. Ndipo ngati mutatha kuwerenga nkhaniyo, mukukayikira za kufunika kwa mkonzi uyu, ndiye tikukudziwitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zofananazo. Pakati pa iwo simudzapeza olemba mabuku okha, komanso raster omwe.
Werengani zambiri: Kuyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu ojambula zithunzi
