Zosintha zachilengedwe za Linux

Zomwe zimayendera pa Linux machitidwe opangira machitidwe ndi zosiyanasiyana zomwe ali ndi mfundo zamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ena pa nthawi yokuyamba. Kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo magawo ambiri a magawo awiri a zojambulajambula ndi chilolezo cha lamulo, deta pa zosintha za osuta, malo a mafayilo ena, ndi zina zambiri. Makhalidwe a zinthu zoterewa amasonyezedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi manambala, zizindikiro, njira zolembera kapena mafayilo. Chifukwa cha izi, ntchito zambiri zimapezeka mwamsanga kuti zikhale zovuta, komanso mwayi wa wosuta kusintha kapena kupanga zatsopano.

Gwiritsani ntchito zochitika zachilengedwe mu Linux

M'nkhaniyi, tifuna kukhudza mfundo zofunika komanso zothandiza kwambiri zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera apo, tidzasonyeza njira zomwe tingaziwonere, kusintha, kulenga ndi kuzichotsa. Kudziwa ndi zosankha zazikuluzikulu kungathandize ogwiritsa ntchito ntchito kuti aziyenda pazinthu zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizozo ndikuzindikiritsa kufunika kwawo kugawa kwa OS. Musanayambe kusanthula magawo ofunikira kwambiri omwe ndikanafuna kukamba za magawo awo m'masukulu. Magulu oterewa amatanthauzira motere:

1. Zosintha zadongosolo Zosankhazi zimasungidwa nthawi yomweyo pamene ntchito yoyamba ikuyambira, amasungidwa m'mafayilo ena okonza (adzakambidwa pansipa), ndipo amapezeka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito onse ndi OS wonse. Kawirikawiri, magawowa amachitidwa kuti ndi ofunikira kwambiri komanso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali panthawiyi.
2. Zosintha zamagulu. Wosuta aliyense ali ndi nyumba yake yokha, kumene zinthu zonse zofunika zimasungidwa, kuphatikizapo mafayilo okonzekera osintha. Zina mwazidziwike zowoneka kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa munthu wina pa nthawi yomwe amavomereza kupyolera m'dera lanu "Terminal". Zimagwira ntchito pazilumikizi zakutali.
3. Zosintha zam'deralo. Pali magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo limodzi. Mukamalizidwa, iwo adzachotsedweratu ndipo kukhazikitsanso zinthu zonse ziyenera kulengedwa mwaluso. Iwo sakupulumutsidwa mu mafayilo osiyana, koma amalengedwa, asinthidwa ndi kuchotsedwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi malamulo ogwirizana a console.

Mafayilo opanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana

Monga momwe mukudziwira kale kuchokera pafotokozedwa pamwambapa, magulu awiriwa a Linux amasungidwa m'mawonekedwe osiyana, kumene masinthidwe ofanana ndi magawo apamwamba akusonkhanitsidwa. Chinthu chilichonse choterechi chimangosungidwa pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zoyenera ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana. Mosiyana, ndikufuna kuwonetsa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• / Etc / PROFILE- imodzi mwa mafayilo a mawonekedwe. Ipezeka kwa ogwiritsira ntchito onse ndi dongosolo lonse, ngakhale ndi lolowera kutali. Kuletsedwa kokha kwa izo - magawo sakuvomerezedwa pamene mutsegula muyezo "Terminal", ndiko kuti, kumalo ano, palibe malingaliro omwe angakonzedwe.
• / Etc / chilengedwe- yaikulu analogue ya kale kukonzekera. Ikugwira ntchito pamtundu wa dongosolo, ili ndi njira zomwezo monga fayilo lapitayi, koma tsopano popanda malire ngakhale ndikutalikirana.
• /ETC/BASH.BASHRC- fayiloyi ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, sikugwira ntchito ngati muli ndi gawo lakutali kapena kugwirizana kwa intaneti. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wophunzira aliyense padera pokhazikitsa pulogalamu yatsopano.
• .BASHRC- limatanthawuza kwa wosuta, akusungira kunyumba kwake ndipo akuchitidwa nthawi iliyonse yowonongeka.
• .BASH_PROFILE- chimodzimodzi .BASHRC, kokha pofuna kubwezeretsa, mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito SSH.

Onaninso: Kuika SSH-server ku Ubuntu

Onani mndandanda wa zochitika zachilengedwe

Mukhoza kuona mosavuta mitundu yonse ya mawonekedwe ndi osintha omwe alipo mu Linux ndi malingaliro awo ndi lamulo limodzi lokha lomwe likusonyeza mndandanda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuchita masitepe ochepa pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyenera.

1. Thamangani "Terminal" kudzera mndandanda kapena powonjezera makiyi otentha Ctrl + Alt + T.



2. Lembani gulusudo apt-get install coreutils, kuti muwone momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito pulogalamu yanu ndipo nthawi yomweyo muziikamo ngati kuli kofunikira.



3. Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi pa akaunti yodabwitsa kwambiri, zilembo zolembedwera sizidzawonetsedwa.



4. Mudzadziwitsidwa za Kuwonjezera kwa mafayilo atsopano kapena kupezeka kwawo m'malaibulale.



5. Tsopano gwiritsani ntchito limodzi la malamulo a Coreutils omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awulule mndandanda wa zosiyana zonse zachilengedwe. Lembaniprintenvndi kukanikiza fungulo Lowani.



6. Onani zosankha zonse. Mafotokozedwe kuti adziwe = - dzina la kusintha, ndi pambuyo pake.

Mndandanda wa zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito

Chifukwa cha malangizo omwe tatchulawa, tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungathere msanga kudziwa zonse zomwe zilipo panopa komanso zomwe zilipo. Zimangokhala zokhazokha ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndikufuna kutchula zinthu zotsatirazi:

• DE. Dzina lathunthu ndi Maofesi a Dongosolo ladongosolo. Ili ndi dzina la chilengedwe chamakono. Machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito kernel ya Linux amagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zosiyana siyana, choncho ndikofunikira kuti maofesi amvetsetse zomwe zikugwira ntchito panopa. Apa ndi pamene DE variable imathandizira. Chitsanzo cha makhalidwe ake ndi zochepa, timbewu, kde ndi zina zotero.
• PATH- amatsimikizira mndandanda wa maofesi omwe maofesi osiyanasiyana omwe amawongolera amafufuzidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene lamulo limodzi lofufuza ndi kulumikiza zinthu likuyankhidwa, iwo amatha kufalitsa mafoda awa kuti apeze mwamsanga ndikusintha mafayilo omwe angapangidwe ndi zifukwa zanenedwa.
• SHELL- amasunga njira ya yogwiritsira ntchito chipolopolo. Zipolopolo zotere zimalola wophunzira kudzilemba yekha malemba ndi kuyendetsa njira zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ma syntax. Goli yotchuka kwambiri imalingaliridwa bash. Mndandanda wa malamulo ena omwe anthu ambiri amawadziwitsa angapezedwe m'nkhani yathu yotsatirayi.

Onaninso: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Linux Terminal

• HOME- chirichonse chiri chophweka mokwanira. Parameter iyi imatanthauzira njira yopita ku foda ya kunyumba ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Wosuta aliyense ndi wosiyana ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe: / nyumba / wosuta. Kulongosola kwa phindu limeneli ndi kophweka - kusinthasintha kotere, mwachitsanzo, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu kukhazikitsa malo oyenera a mafayilo awo. Inde, palinso zitsanzo zambiri, koma izi ndi zokwanira kuti mudziwe bwino.
• BROWSER- lili ndi lamulo lotsegula osatsegula. Ichi ndi chosinthika chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhazikitsa osatsegula osatsegula, ndi zina zonse zothandiza ndi mapulogalamuwa kuti atsegule zatsopano.
• PwdndiOLDPWD. Zochita zonse kuchokera ku console kapena chipolopolo chazithunzi zimachokera ku malo enieni m'dongosolo. Choyimira choyamba chimayambitsa zomwe zikupezeka, ndipo chachiwiri chikuwonetsa zomwe zapitazo. Chifukwa chake, zikhalidwe zawo zimasintha nthawi zambiri ndipo zimasungidwa mumasintha ndi mawonekedwe.
• TERM. Pali mapulogalamu ochuluka a mapulogalamu a Linux. Masitolo otanthauzira otchulidwawo amadziwika za dzina la otsegulira ntchito.
• Random- lili ndi script yomwe imapanga nambala yosawerengeka kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 32767 nthawi iliyonse pamene mukupeza kusinthaku. Njirayi imalola kuti pulogalamu ina ichite popanda jenereta yowonongeka.
• MTSOGOLERI- ali ndi udindo wotsegula mndandanda wa mafayilo. Mwachitsanzo, mwachinsinsi mungathe kukumana ndi njirayo / usr / bin / nano, koma palibe chomwe chimakulepheretsani kuti musinthe kwa wina aliyense. Kwazovuta zochitika zambiri ndi mayesero ali ndi udindoKUYENERAndipo imayambitsa, mwachitsanzo, mkonzi vi.
• OTHANDIZA- dzina la kompyuta, ndiUSER- dzina la akaunti yamakono.

Malamulo othamanga ndi kusintha kwatsopano kwa chilengedwe

Mukhoza kusankha njira iliyonse yoyimira payekha kuti muyambe kukambirana nawo kapena kuchita zinazake. Pankhaniyi, mu console muyenera kulembetsa envVar = mtengokumene Var - dzina la kusintha, ndi Phindu - mtengo wake, mwachitsanzo, njira yopita ku foda/ nyumba / wosuta / Koperani.

Nthawi yotsatira mukamawona magawo onse kudzera mu lamulo ili pamwambapaprintenvmudzawona kuti mtengo umene mwatchula unasinthidwa. Komabe, izo zidzakhala monga momwe zinaliri chosasintha, mutangotha ​​kumene kulowera, ndipo imagwiranso ntchito mwachisawawa chokhazikika.

Kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe

Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi pamwambapa, mukudziwa kale kuti magawo a m'dera lanu sali osungidwa m'mafayi ndipo akugwira ntchito pokhapokha panthawiyi, ndipo atatha kumaliza. Ngati mukufuna kupanga ndi kuchotsa zosankha zanu nokha, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi:

1. Thamangani "Terminal" ndipo lembani guluVar = mtengo, kenako dinani fungulo Lowani. Monga mwachizolowezi Var - dzina lirilonse losinthika liwu limodzi, ndipo Phindu - mtengo.



2. Onetsetsani kuti ntchito zomwe adachita polowa zimatheka bwanjiecho $ var. Mu mzere uli pansipa, muyenera kupeza njira yosinthika.



3. Chotsani china chilichonse ndi lamuloosasintha var. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana kuchotsatchulani(mzere wotsatira uyenera kukhala wopanda kanthu).

Mwa njira yosavuta, magawo aliwonse a m'deralo akuwonjezeka mopanda malire, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kokha mbali yaikulu ya ntchito yawo.

Onjezerani ndi kuchotsa zosintha za ogwiritsa ntchito

Tasamukira ku magulu a zisudzo zomwe zasungidwa m'mafayilo osinthika, ndipo kuchokera pa izi zikuonekera kuti muyenera kusintha maofesi okha. Izi zagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito malemba onse olemba.

1. Tsegulani kusintha kwa osuta kudzerasudo gedit .bashrc. Timapanga kugwiritsa ntchito mkonzi wojambula zithunzi ndi mawu oimira mawu, mwachitsanzo, gedit. Komabe, mukhoza kufotokoza wina aliyense, mwachitsanzo, vi mwina nano.



2. Musaiwale kuti mukamayendetsa lamuloli m'malo mwawopambana, muyenera kulemba mawu achinsinsi.



3. Kumapeto kwa fayilo, onjezani mzerekutumiza VAR = VALUE. Chiwerengero cha magawo amenewa sichikhazikitsidwa. Kuphatikizanso, mungasinthe mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zilipo kale.



4. Mutasintha, sungani ndi kutseka fayilo.



5. Kusintha kwazomwekuchitika kudzachitika fayilo itayambiranso, ndipo izi zathachitsime .bashrc.



6. Mukhoza kuyang'ana ntchito ya kusintha mwa njira yomweyo.echo $ var.

Ngati simukudziwa bwino momwe mndandanda wa masinthidwewa umasinthira musanayambe kusintha, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga zomwe zili kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa zolakwika zina ndi zotsatira za zolembedwera, zomwe ziri ndi zolephera zawo. Ponena za kuchotsedwa kwa magawo, amapezanso kudzera pa fayilo yosinthika. Zokwanira kuchotsa mwatsatanetsatane mzere kapena kuziwonetsera izo, kuwonjezera chizindikiro pachiyambi #.

Kukhazikitsa ndi kuchotsa zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe

Amangokhala kokha kukhudza gulu lachitatu lamasinthidwe - dongosolo. Fayilo idzasinthidwa pa izi. / Etc / PROFILE, yomwe imakhalabe yogwira ngakhale ndikutalikirana, mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mwa mtsogoleri wotchuka wa SSH. Kutsegulira chinthu chokonzekera ndi chimodzimodzi monga momwe zinalili kale:

1. Mu console, lowetsanisudo gedit / etc / mbiri.



2. Pangani kusintha kulikonse ndikusunga iwo mwa kudindira pa botani yoyenera.



3. Yambiraninso chinthuchochitsime / etc / mbiri.



4. Pamapeto pake, fufuzani zotsatiraziecho $ var.

Zosintha mu fayilo zidzasungidwa ngakhale gawolo lidzagwirizananso, ndipo aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito ndi pulojekiti adzatha kupeza deta yatsopano popanda mavuto.

Ngakhale ngati zomwe zikuwoneka lero zikuwoneka zovuta kwambiri kwa inu, timalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse ndi kumvetsetsa zambiri monga momwe zingathere. Kugwiritsira ntchito zida zoterezi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kupezeka kwa mafayilo otsogolera owonjezera pazomwe akugwiritsa ntchito, popeza onsewo adzapeza zovuta. Zimaperekanso chitetezo kwa magawo onse ndikuzigawa m'malo omwewo. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zosiyana siyana zakuthambo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, funsani zolemba za Linux.