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Musanayambe kubwereka ngongole, zingakhale bwino kuwerengera ndalama zonse. Izi zidzasunga wobwereka mtsogolomu ku mavuto osiyanasiyana osayembekezereka ndi kukhumudwa pamene zikutanthauza kuti kubweza ngongole kwakukulu kwambiri. Zida za Excel zingathandizire kuwerengera izi. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawerengere ndalama zongolipirira ngongole mu pulogalamuyi.

Kuwerengetsera kulipira

Choyamba, ndiyenera kunena kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya malipiro a ngongole:

• Kusiyana;
• Zambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yosiyana, kasitomala amapanga gawo lofanana la mwezi kulipira kubanki ku bungwe la ngongole komanso malipiro a chiwongoladzanja. Chiwerengero cha malipiro a chiwongoladzanja mwezi uliwonse amachepetsedwa pamene thupi la ngongole limene limawerengedwa likucheperachepera. Motero, malipiro onse a mwezi uliwonse amachepetsedwa.

Pulogalamu ya annuity imagwiritsa ntchito njira yosiyana. Mwezi wamwezi amalandira malipiro omwewo, omwe ali ndi malipiro a thupi la ngongole ndi malipiro a chidwi. Poyamba, malipiro a chiwongoladzanja amawerengedwa kuchuluka kwa ngongole, koma pamene thupi licheperachepera, chidwi chikuchepetsedwa. Koma kuchuluka kwa malipiro sikusinthika chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mwezi kulipira kwa thupi la ngongole. Choncho, patapita nthawi, chiwerengero cha chiwongoladzanja cha malipirowo amachepetsedwa, pamene chiwerengero cha malipiro a thupi chikuwonjezeka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malipirowo amatha mwezi uliwonse.

Pa chiwerengero cha malipiro a annuity, ife timayima. Komanso, izi ndi zofunikira, popeza panopa mabanki ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Zimakhalanso zoyenera kwa makasitomala, chifukwa pakalipa, malipiro onse samasintha, otsalira. Amakhasimende nthawi zonse amadziwa kulipira.

Gawo 1: Kuwerengetsa Malipiro a Mwezi

Kuwerengetsera ndalama pamwezi pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la annuity ku Excel pali ntchito yapadera - PMT. Icho chiri cha gulu la ochita zachuma. Machitidwe a ntchitoyi ndi awa:

= PMT (mlingo; nper; ps; bs; mtundu)

Monga mukuonera, ntchito yeniyeniyo ili ndi zifukwa zambiri zokwanira. Zoonadi, awiri omalizirawo saloledwa.

Kutsutsana "Bet" limasonyeza chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja cha nthawi yapadera. Ngati, mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa pachaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ngongole imalipidwa pamwezi, ndiye mlingo wapachaka uyenera kugawanika 12 ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zotsatirazo ngati mkangano. Ngati njira yolipira ya pamwezi idzagwiritsidwa ntchito, pakadali pano mlingo wa pachaka uyenera kugawa 4 ndi zina zotero

"Kper" limatanthawuzira chiwerengero chonse cha nthawi yobwezera ngongole. Izi ndizo, ngati ngongole imatengedwa chaka chimodzi ndi malipiro a mwezi, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha nthawi chimawerengedwa 12ngati kwa zaka ziwiri, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha nthawi chili 24. Ngati ngongole imatengedwa kwa zaka ziwiri ndi kulipira kwa pamwezi, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha nthawi ndi chofanana 8.

"Ps" ikuwonetsa mtengo wamakono. Mwachidule, ichi ndi chiwerengero cha ngongole kumayambiriro kwa ngongole, ndiko kuti, ndalama zomwe mumabwereka, kuphatikizapo chiwongoladzanja ndi zina zowonjezera.

"Bs" - izi ndizofunika zamtsogolo. Mtengo umenewu, umene udzakhala thupi la ngongole panthawi yomaliza mgwirizano wa ngongole. Nthaŵi zambiri, mfundo iyi ndi "0", popeza wobwereka kumapeto kwa nthawi ya ngongole ayenera kulipirira ngongole. Mndandanda wachindunji ndiwotheka. Kotero, ngati icho chigwa, icho chikuwoneka ngati zero.

Kutsutsana Lembani " amatsimikizira nthawi yowerengera: kumapeto kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi. Poyamba, zimatengera mtengo "0", ndipo chachiwiri - "1". Mabungwe ambiri a mabanki amagwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi ndi malipiro kumapeto kwa nthawi. Mtsutsano uwu ndiwonso wokhazikika, ndipo ngati umusiya, umatengedwa kuti ndi zero.

Tsopano ndi nthawi yosamukira ku chitsanzo chapadera cha kuwerengera ndalama za mwezi uliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya PMT. Kuwerengera, timagwiritsa ntchito tebulo ndi deta yapachiyambi, komwe chiwongoladzanja cha ngongole chikuwonetsedwa (12%), kuchuluka kwa ngongole (Ma ruble 500,000) ndi nthawi ya ngongole (Miyezi 24). Pachifukwa ichi, malipiro amapangidwa mwezi kumapeto kwa nthawi iliyonse.

1. Sankhani chinthucho pa pepala chomwe chiwerengero cha chiwerengero chidzawonetsedwa, ndipo dinani pazithunzi "Ikani ntchito"adayikidwa pafupi ndi bar.



2. Zenera likuyambira. Oyang'anira ntchito. M'gululi "Ndalama" sankhani dzina "PLT" ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



3. Pambuyo pake, mawindo atsutsano akutsegula. PMT.

   Kumunda "Bet" ayenera kulowetsa kuchuluka kwa chidwi pa nthawiyi. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa mwa kuika peresenti, koma apa izo zalembedwa mu selo losiyana pa pepala, kotero timapereka chiyanjano kwa icho. Ikani malonda mmunda, ndiyeno dinani pa selo lofanana. Koma, monga tikukumbukira, timakhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chaka chilichonse patebulo, ndipo nthawi yolipira ndi yofanana ndi mwezi. Chifukwa chake, timagawaniza mlingo wapachaka, kapena kuti kutanthawuzira kwa selo yomwe ilipo, ndi nambala 12zofanana ndi chiwerengero cha miyezi pachaka. Kugawikana kumachitika mwachindunji m'munda wa zenera zotsutsana.

   Kumunda "Kper" ikani nthawi ya ngongole. Iye ali wofanana ndi ife 24 miyezi. Mukhoza kulowa nambala kumunda 24 mwaulere, koma ife, monga momwe zinalili kale, timapereka chiyanjano ku malo a chizindikiro ichi patebulo lapachiyambi.

   Kumunda "Ps" onetsani kufunika kwake kwa ngongole. Iye ali wofanana ndi Ma ruble 500,000. Monga momwe zilili m'mbuyo, timasonyeza kuti tanthauzo la tsambali liri ndi chizindikiro ichi.

   Kumunda "Bs" amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa ngongole, atatha kulipira. Pamene tikukumbukira, mtengo umenewu ndi pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Ikani nambalayi m'munda uno "0". Ngakhale kukangana kumeneku kungathetsedwe palimodzi.

   Kumunda Lembani " Onetsani kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi kulipira. Ife, monga nthawi zambiri, timapanga kumapeto kwa mweziwu. Choncho, sankhani nambalayi "0". Monga momwe zinalili ndi mkangano wakale, mumunda uwu simungalowetse kalikonse, ndiye pulogalamuyo yosasintha idzaganiza kuti pali phindu lofanana ndi zero.

   Deta yonse italowa, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



4. Pambuyo pa izi, zotsatira za kuwerengetsera zikuwonetsedwa mu selo yomwe tidaisankha mu ndime yoyamba ya bukhuli. Monga mukuonera, mtengo wa malipiro onse a ngongole ndi mwezi 23536.74 rubles. Musasokonezedwe ndi "-" chizindikiro pamaso pa ndalamayi. Choncho Excel imanena kuti izi ndikutuluka kwa ndalama, ndiko kuti, kutayika.



5. Kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa nthawi yonse ya ngongole, mukuganizira kubwezeredwa kwa thupi la ngongole ndi chiwongoladzanja cha mwezi, ndikwanira kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse (23536.74 rubles) kwa chiwerengero cha miyezi (Miyezi 24). Monga mukuonera, kuchuluka kwa malipiro a nthawi yonse ya ngongole kwa ife kumakhala Ma ruble 564881.67.



6. Tsopano inu mukhoza kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kulipiritsa kwa ngongole. Kwa ichi muyenera kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro a ngongole, kuphatikizapo chiwongoladzanja ndi thupi la ngongole, chiwongoladzanja choyambirira chokongoletsedwa. Koma timakumbukira kuti choyamba mwazinthu izi ndizosaina "-". Chifukwa chake, mulimonse momwemo, ziyenera kuti ziyenera kupangidwa. Monga mukuonera, chiwerengero cha kubwerekedwa kwa ngongole kwa nthawi yonseyi 64881.67 rubles.

Phunziro: Excel ntchito wizara

Gawo 2: Zowonjezera

Ndipo tsopano, mothandizidwa ndi ena ogwira ntchito, Excel idzapanga malipiro a mwezi uliwonse kuti tiwone kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe timalipilira thupi la ngongole mwezi umodzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja. Pa zolinga izi, tikukoka mu Excel tebulo yomwe tidzakodza ndi deta. Mizere ya tebulo ili idzafanana ndi nthawi yomwe ikufanana, yomwe ndi mwezi. Popeza kuti nthawi yomwe timalandirirayo tili nayo 24 mwezi, ndiye nambala ya mizere idzakhala yoyenera. Mizere imasonyeza kulipira kwa thupi la ngongole, malipiro a chiwongoladzanja, malipiro onse pamwezi, omwe ali mndandanda wa zipilala ziwiri zapitazo, komanso malipiro otsala.

1. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa thumba la ngongole ntchitoyi OSPLTzomwe zimangotanthauza cholinga ichi. Ikani cholozera mu selo, chomwe chiri mu mzere "1" ndi m'ndandanda "Malipiro pa thupi la ngongole". Timakanikiza batani "Ikani ntchito".



2. Pitani ku Mlaliki Wachipangizo. M'gululi "Ndalama" tcherani dzina OSPLT ndipo panikizani batani "Chabwino".



3. Wowonjezera mawonekedwe a operekera OSPLT ayambitsidwa. Lili ndi mawu ofanana awa:

   = OSPLT (Malipiro; Period; Kper; Ps; Bs)

   Monga mukuonera, mfundo zokhudzana ndi izi zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zifukwa za wogwira ntchitoyo PMT, mmalo mwa mkangano wosankha Lembani " Kuwonjezeredwa kunkafunika kukangana "Nyengo". Zimasonyeza chiwerengero cha nthawi yobwezera, ndipo mwathunthu, chiwerengero cha mwezi.

   Lembani ntchito yabwino mawindo masitepe OSPLT deta yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchitoyi PMT. Kungoganizira kuti m'tsogolomu kujambula njirayi kudzera pamakalata odzaza, ndizofunikira kupanga malumikizano onse m'madera kuti asasinthe. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuika chizindikiro cha dola kutsogolo kwa phindu lililonse lazowonongeka mozungulira ndi pamzere. Koma ndi zophweka kuchita izi pokha posankha makonzedwe ndi kukakamiza fungulo la ntchito. F4. Chizindikiro cha dola chidzayikidwa pamalo abwino pomwepo. Komanso musaiwale kuti mlingo wapachaka ugawidwe 12.



4. Koma ife tatsalira ndi kutsutsana kwina kwatsopano, komwe ntchitoyi sinali nayo PMT. Kutsutsana uku "Nyengo". Mu munda womwewo timayika chiyanjano ku selo yoyamba ya chigawocho. "Nyengo". Chojambula ichi chili ndi nambala "1"zomwe zikuwonetsa chiwerengero cha mwezi woyamba wa kulengeza. Koma mosiyana ndi minda yam'mbuyo, mumtundu womwe tawukamo timachoka pachiyanjanocho, ndipo sitimapangitsanso mwatsatanetsatane.

   Pambuyo pa deta yonse yomwe tinakambirana pamwambayi yathandizidwa, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



5. Pambuyo pake, mu selo yomwe takhala tikugawa kale, kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa thupi la ngongole mwezi woyamba kudzawonetsedwa. Iye apanga 18536.74 ruble.



6. Kenaka, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, tifunika kufotokoza fomuyi kumaselo otsalira a ndimeyo pogwiritsira ntchito chikhomo chodzaza. Kuti muchite izi, ikani cholozera kumbali ya kumanja ya selo, yomwe ili ndi ndondomeko. Mtolowo umatembenuzidwira ku mtanda, umene umatchedwa kudzaza chizindikiro. Gwiritsani batani lakumbuyo la mouse ndipo yesani pansi mpaka kumapeto kwa tebulo.



7. Zotsatira zake, maselo onse a m'kaundula adadzazidwa. Tsopano tili ndi ndondomeko yobwezera ngongole ya mwezi uliwonse. Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka kwa malipiro a nkhaniyi kumawonjezeka ndi nthawi yatsopano.



8. Tsopano tikufunika kupanga mawerengedwe a mwezi uliwonse. Pazinthu izi, tidzagwiritsa ntchito woyendetsa PRPLT. Sankhani selo yoyamba yopanda kanthu mndandanda. "Chiwongoladzanja". Timakanikiza batani "Ikani ntchito".



9. Muwindo la kuyambira Oyang'anira ntchito m'gulu "Ndalama" pangani kusankha dzina PRPLT. Dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".



10. Ntchitoyi zenera zowonekera. PRPLT. Mawu ake omasulira ndi awa:

    = PRPLT (Malipiro; Period; Kper; Ps; Bs)

    Monga mukuonera, zifukwa za ntchitoyi ndizofanana ndi za ogwira ntchito OSPLT. Chifukwa chake, timangolowera pazenera deta yomweyi yomwe talowa muwindo lamatsutso lapitalo. Musaiwale kuti kulumikizana kumunda "Nyengo" ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana, ndipo muzinthu zina zonse makonzedwe ayenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala mawonekedwe enieni. Pambuyo pake dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



11. Ndiye zotsatira za kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa chiwongoladzanja cha ngongole ya mwezi woyamba akuwonetsedwa mu selo yoyenera.



12. Tikagwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro chodzaza, timapanga malembawo kumalo ena otsalawo, motero timapeza malipiro a malipiro a ngongole pamwezi. Monga mukuonera, monga tafotokozera kale, mtengo wa malipiro oterewu umachepetsedwa kuyambira mwezi ndi mwezi.



13. Tsopano tikuyenera kuwerengera ndalama zonse pamwezi. Pakuwerengera izi, musagwiritse ntchito aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito, monga momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito malemba ophweka. Pindani zomwe zili m'maselo a mwezi woyamba wa zipilala "Malipiro pa thupi la ngongole" ndi "Chiwongoladzanja". Kuti muchite izi, yikani chizindikiro "=" mu selo yoyamba yopanda kanthu "Malipiro onse a mwezi". Kenaka dinani zinthu ziwirizi pamwambapa, ndikuyika pakati pawo chizindikiro "+". Timakanikiza pa fungulo Lowani.



14. Kenaka, pogwiritsira ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, monga m'makalata apitalo, tchulani chithunzicho ndi deta. Monga mukuonera, nthawi yonse ya mgwirizano, kuchuluka kwa malipiro a mwezi uliwonse, kuphatikizapo malipiro a thupi la ngongole ndi malipiro a chiwongoladzanja, adzakhala 23536.74 rubles. Kwenikweni takhala tikuwerengera kale chiwerengero ichi ndi chithandizo cha PMT. Koma pakadali pano, akufotokozedwa momveka bwino, mofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa thupi la ngongole ndi chidwi.



15. Tsopano mukufunika kuwonjezera deta ku chigawo chomwe ndalama za ngongole zomwe zikufunikanso kulipidwa ziwonetsedwe mwezi uliwonse. Mu selo yoyamba ya chigawocho "Kulipira malipiro" Kuwerengera kudzakhala kosavuta. Tiyenera kuchotsa kukula kwa ngongole, yomwe ikuwonetsedwa patebulo ndi deta yapadera, malipiro a thupi la ngongole mwezi woyamba m'tawuni yowerengera. Koma, tapatsidwa kuti chimodzi mwa ziwerengero zomwe tili nazo kale chimabwera ndi chizindikiro "-", iwo sayenera kuchotsedwa, koma apangidwe. Chitani ichi ndipo dinani pa batani. Lowani.



16. Koma chiwerengero cha ndalama zomwe ziyenera kulipiridwa pambuyo pa miyezi yachiwiri ndi yotsatira zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika kuchotsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro a thupi la ngongole kwa nthawi yapitayo kuchokera ku thumba la ngongole kumayambiriro kwa ngongole. Ikani chizindikiro "=" mu selo yachiwiri ya mndandanda "Kulipira malipiro". Kenaka, tchulani chiyanjano cha selo chomwe chiri ndi ndalama yoyamba ya ngongole. Timapanga mwapadera posankha ndi kukanikiza fungulo. F4. Kenaka ikani chizindikiro "+", popeza mtengo wachiwiri udzakhala woipa kwa ife. Pambuyo pake dinani pa batani "Ikani ntchito".



17. Iyamba Mlaliki Wachipangizomomwe muyenera kusunthira ku gululi "Masamu". Kumeneko timasankha zolembazo "SUMM" ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".



18. Ntchito yotsutsana zenera ikuyamba. SUM. Wofotokozera amatha kufotokozera mwachidule deta mu maselo, omwe tikufunika kuti tiwawononge "Malipiro pa thupi la ngongole". Lili ndi mawu ofanana awa:

    = SUM (nambala1; nambala2; ...)

    Zokambirana zikutanthauza maselo omwe ali ndi manambala. Timayika ndondomeko kumunda. "Number1". Ndiye timagwiritsa ntchito batani lamanzere ndi kusankha maseri awiri oyambirira a chigawocho pa pepala. "Malipiro pa thupi la ngongole". Monga momwe mukuonera, kulumikizana kwazomwekukuwonetsedwa kumunda. Zimapangidwa ndi magawo awiri olekanitsidwa ndi colon: mafotokozedwe a selo yoyamba ya zosiyana ndi zomaliza. Kuti tikwanitse kufotokozera fomu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa m'tsogolomu pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chodzaza, timapanga gawo loyambirira la zolembedwera. Sankhani ndipo dinani pafungulo la ntchito. F4. Gawo lachiwiri la chigwirizano limanidwa. Tsopano pakagwiritsira ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, selo yoyamba ya mndandanda udzakhazikitsidwa, ndipo yotsiriza idzatambasula pamene ikuyenda pansi. Izi ndi zomwe tifunika kukwaniritsa zolinga zathu. Kenako, dinani pakani "Chabwino".



19. Choncho, zotsatira za ngongole ya ngongole pambuyo pa mwezi wachiwiri akuwonetsedwa mu selo. Tsopano, kuyambira pa selo ili, timatsanzira ndondomekoyi m'zinthu zopanda kanthu pa gawolo pogwiritsira ntchito chikhomo chodzaza.



20. Kuwerengetsera mwezi kwa ngongole ya ngongole kwapangidwa kwa nthawi yonse ya ngongole. Monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira, pamapeto pake mawu awa ndi zero.

Motero, sitinapangitse chiwerengero cha kulipira ngongole, koma tinapanga mtundu wa ngongole ya ngongole. Chimene chidzagwiritsidwe pansi pa dongosolo la annuity. Ngati patebulo lachitukuko ife timasintha kukula kwa ngongole ndi chiwongoladzanja cha pachaka, ndipo patebulo lomaliza chiwerengerocho chidzakonzedweratu. Choncho, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha pa nkhani inayake, koma ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi zosiyanasiyana powerengera ndalama zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ngongole pogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko cha annuity.

Phunziro: Ntchito zachuma mu Excel

Monga momwe mukuonera, pogwiritsa ntchito Excel kunyumba, mungathe kuwerengera ndalama zowononga ngongole pamwezi pogwiritsira ntchito annuity scheme, pogwiritsira ntchito PMT. Komanso, ndi chithandizo cha ntchito OSPLT ndi PRPLT Mukhoza kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa malipiro pa thupi la ngongole ndi pa chiwongoladzanja pa nthawi yomwe mwayikidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito katundu yensewa pamodzi, n'zotheka kupanga kampani yokhala ndi ngongole yamphamvu yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi kokha kuti muwerenge malipiro a ndalama.