Imodzi mwa njira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ndi zolemba ndi ABC kusanthula. Ndicho, mungathe kugawa zinthu za malonda, malonda, makasitomala, ndi zina zotero. mwa dongosolo lofunika. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, malinga ndi mlingo wofunikira, aliyense mwazigawozi zapatsidwa pamwambazi ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu: A, B, kapena C. Excel ili ndi zipangizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchita. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito, ndipo zomwe ABC akufufuza.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula ABC
Kusanthula ABC ndi mtundu wabwino kwambiri ndipo umasinthidwa kuti zinthu zikhale zosiyana ndi Pareto. Malingana ndi njira ya khalidwe lake, zinthu zonse zomwe zikuyendetsedwa zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu kuti zikhale zofunika:
- Gulu A - zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri 80% cholemera;
- Gulu B - zinthu, zonse zomwe zimachokera 5% mpaka 15% cholemera;
- Gulu C - zinthu zomwe zatsala, zonse zomwe zili 5% ndi zolemetsa zochepa.
Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso amagawaniza zinthuzo osati zitatu, koma m'magulu anayi kapena asanu, koma tidzatha kudalira kafukufuku wa ABC.
Njira 1: kusanthula mwa kusankha
Mu Excel, kafukufuku wa ABC akuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu. Zinthu zonse zimasankhidwa kuchokera kukula mpaka zing'onozing'ono. Kenaka kulemera kwake kwa chiwerengero chilichonse kumawerengedwa, malinga ndi zomwe gulu lina lapatsidwa. Tiyeni tigwiritse ntchito chitsanzo chapadera kuti tipeze momwe njirayi imagwiritsidwira ntchito pakuchita.
Tili ndi tebulo ndi mndandanda wa katundu omwe kampaniyo ikugulitsa, ndi ndalama zomwe zimagulitsidwa kuchokera ku malonda awo kwa nthawi inayake. Pansi pa gome, ndalama zonse zimaphatikizidwa mwachidule kwa zinthu zonse za katundu. Ntchitoyi ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ABC-kusanthula kugawa katunduwa m'magulu molingana ndi kufunika kwa kampani.
- Sankhani tebulo ndi ndondomeko ya deta, mutagwira batani lamanzere, osasamala mutu ndi mzere womaliza. Pitani ku tabu "Deta". Dinani pa batani. "Sungani"ili m'kati mwa zipangizo "Sankhani ndi kusefera" pa tepi.
Mukhozanso kuchita mosiyana. Sankhani zosiyana pa tebulo, kenako pita ku tabu "Kunyumba" ndipo dinani pa batani "Sankhani ndi kusefera"ili m'kati mwa zipangizo Kusintha pa tepi. Mndandanda umasinthidwa kumene timasankha malo mmenemo. "Yambani Mwambo".
- Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zochitika zili pamwambapa, zenera zowonongeka zimayambika. Timayang'ana pa parameter "Deta yanga ili ndi mutu" Chitsimikizo chaikidwa. Ngati palibe, yikani.
Kumunda "Column" tchulani dzina la chigawo chomwe muli deta pamalonda.
Kumunda "Sungani" muyenera kufotokoza ndi ndondomeko ziti zomwe zidzasankhidwe. Timachoka pazowonongeka - "Makhalidwe".
Kumunda "Dongosolo" ikani malo "Akukwera".
Pambuyo pokonza zolemba izi dinani pa batani "Chabwino" pansi pazenera.
- Pambuyo pochita izi, zinthu zonse zinasankhidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera kumwambamwamba kupita pansi.
- Tsopano tikufunikira kuwerengera chiwerengero cha zinthu zonse zomwe zilipo. Timalenga pazinthu izi gawo lina, lomwe tidzitcha "Gawani". Mu selo yoyamba ya chigawo ichi ikani chizindikiro "="Pambuyo pake timasonyeza kuti tanthauzo la selo ndilo ndalama zomwe zilipo kuchokera kugulitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa. Kenaka, yikani chizindikiro chogawa ("/"). Pambuyo pake tikuwonetsa makonzedwe a selo, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha malonda a katundu kuntchito yonse.
Poganizira kuti tidzasintha fomu yomwe ikuwonetsedwa kwa maselo ena a m'mbali "Gawani" pogwiritsa ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, adiresi ya chiyanjano ku chigawo chomwe chiri ndi chiwerengero cha ndalama za malonda, tikuyenera kukonza. Kuti muchite izi, pangani chiyanjano chonse. Sankhani makonzedwe a selo lolongosoledwa mu ndondomekoyi ndi kukanikiza fungulo F4. Monga momwe tikuonera, chizindikiro cha dola chinawonekera kutsogolo kwa makonzedwe, omwe amasonyeza kuti kugwirizana kwasintha. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutchulidwa kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama za chinthu choyamba m'ndandanda (Gawo 3) ayenera kukhala wachibale.
Ndiye, kuti muwerenge, dinani pa batani. Lowani.
- Monga momwe mukuonera, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimachokera kumtundu woyamba zomwe zalembedwa mndandanda zikuwonetsedwa mu selo lolunjika. Kuti mupange bukuli m'munsimu, yikani mtolowo kumbali ya kumanja ya selo. Zimasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chodzaza chomwe chikuwoneka ngati mtanda wawung'ono. Dinani batani lamanzere lakumanja ndikukakani kudzaza mpaka kumapeto kwa gawolo.
- Monga mukuonera, zonsezi zikudza ndi deta yofotokozera gawo la ndalama kuchokera ku kugulitsa kwa mankhwala. Koma mtengo wamtengo wapatali umasonyezedwa mu chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, ndipo tikuyenera kuchipanga kukhala peresenti. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani zomwe zili m'ndandanda "Gawani". Kenaka pita ku tabu "Kunyumba". Pa kavalo mu gulu la machitidwe "Nambala" Pali munda womwe umawonetsera maonekedwe a deta. Mwachikhazikitso, ngati simunayambe kuchita zina zowonjezera, mtunduwu uyenera kukhala pamenepo. "General". Timakani pa chithunzichi mwa mawonekedwe a katatu komwe kuli kumanja kwa mundawu. Mndandanda wa maofesi omwe amatsegula, sankhani malo "Chidwi".
- Monga momwe mukuonera, zigawo zonse zachitsulo zinasinthidwa kukhala magawo. Monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira, mu mzere "Total" anasonyeza 100%. Chiwerengero cha katundu chiyenera kuti chikhalepo pamtunduwu kuchokera kukulu kufika pazing'ono.
- Tsopano tiyenela kupanga chigawo chomwe gawo lophatikizana ndi chiwerengero chowerengera chidzawonetsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mzere uliwonse, kulemera kwake kwa katundu yense amene ali m'ndandanda pamwambapa kudzawonjezeredwa payekha kulemera kwake kwa chinthu china. Choyamba choyamba mndandanda (Gawo 3) chiwerengero chodziwikiratu payekha ndipo chiwerengero chogawidwa chidzakhala chofanana, koma kwa zonse zomwe zikutsatira, zomwe zidakalipo zomwe zalembedwa kale m'ndandanda ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pa chizindikiro chilichonse.
Kotero, mu mzere woyamba ife timasunthira ku gawolo "Anagawana Gawo" chiwerengero cha mphindi "Gawani".
- Chotsatira, ikani cholozera mu selo yachiwiri ya selo. "Anagawana Gawo". Apa tikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi. Ife timayika chizindikiro zofanana ndipo pindani zomwe zili mu selo "Gawani" mzere womwewo ndi selo zili mkati "Anagawana Gawo" kuchokera kumzere wapamwamba. Zogwirizanitsa zonse ndi zowonjezereka, ndiko kuti, sitichita nawo njira iliyonse. Pambuyo pake, dinani pa batani. Lowani kusonyeza zotsatira zomaliza.
- Tsopano mukufunika kufotokozera fomu iyi kumaselo a ndime iyi, yomwe ili pansipa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, chimene takhala tikuchigwiritsa ntchito polemba mndandanda umene uli m'ndandanda "Gawani". Pa nthawi yomweyo, chingwecho "Total" kugwidwa sikofunika chifukwa kusonkhanitsa kumadzetsa 100% adzasonyezedwa pa chinthu chotsiriza kuchokera m'ndandanda. Monga mukuonera, zinthu zonse za m'thumba lathu zitatha.
- Pambuyo pake timapanga khola "Gulu". Tidzafunika kupanga magulu azinthu muzinthu A, B ndi C malingana ndi gawo lophatikizidwa likuwonetsedwa. Pamene tikukumbukira, zinthu zonse zimagawidwa m'magulu molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- A - mpaka 80%;
- B - zotsatirazi 15%;
- Ndi - otsala 5%.
Motero, katundu yense, gawo lophatikizana la kulemera kwake komwe kumalowa malire 80%perekani gawo A. Zabwino zokhala ndi zolemera zenizeni 80% mpaka 95% perekani gawo B. Gulu la otsalira lomwe liri ndi mtengo wa zambiri 95% Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kumapereka gawo C.
- Kuti muwone bwino, mukhoza kudzaza magulu awa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma izi ndizosankha.
Potero, tapasula zinthu mmagulu molingana ndi msinkhu wofunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa ABC. Pogwiritsira ntchito njira zina, monga tatchulira pamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito magawano m'magulu ambiri, koma mfundo yogawanika imakhala yosasinthika.
Phunziro: Kusankha ndi kusamba mu Excel
Njira 2: kugwiritsa ntchito njira yovuta
Inde, kugwiritsira ntchito njira ndi njira yofala kwambiri yochitira ABC kusanthula mu Excel. Koma nthawi zina amafunika kuti ayese ndondomekoyi popanda kupanga ndondomeko yowonjezera pa tebulo. Pankhaniyi, njira yowonongeka idzapulumutsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, tidzagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lomwelo monga momwe zinaliri poyamba.
- Onjezerani ku tebulo lapachiyambi lomwe liri ndi dzina la katundu ndi ndalama kuchokera ku kugulitsa kwa aliyense wa iwo, gawolo "Gulu". Monga mukuonera, pankhaniyi sitingathe kuwonjezera malemba ndi chiwerengero cha magawo omwe aliwonse ndi omwe amapeza.
- Sankhani selo yoyamba m'mbali. "Gulu"ndiye dinani pa batani. "Ikani ntchito"ili pafupi ndi bar.
- Kuchita kumachitidwa Oyang'anira ntchito. Pitani ku gawo "Zolumikizana ndi zolemba". Sankhani ntchito "ONSE". Dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".
- Ntchito yotsutsana zenera ikusegulidwa. KUSANKHA. Mawu ake omasulira ndi awa:
= SELECT (ndondomeko ya chiwerengero; Value1; Value2; ...)Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikutulutsa chimodzi mwazinthu zoyenera, malinga ndi nambala ya ndondomeko. Chiwerengero cha zikhulupiliro chikhoza kufika 254, koma tikufuna maina atatu okha omwe akugwirizana ndi magawo a ABC kusanthula: A, B, Ndi. Tikhoza kulowa mmunda mwamsanga Chofunika1 " chizindikiro "A"kumunda "Value2" - "B"kumunda "Value3" - "C".
- Koma ndi kutsutsana "Nambala ya ndondomeko" adzayenera kuyendetsa bwino mwa kuphatikizapo mautumiki angapo owonjezera mmenemo. Ikani cholozera mmunda "Nambala ya ndondomeko". Kenaka, dinani pa chithunzi chokhala ndi mawonekedwe a katatu kumanzere kwa batani "Ikani ntchito". Mndandanda wa oyendetsa ntchito atsopano wagwiritsidwa ntchito. Tikufuna ntchito GANIZANI. Popeza sali pandandanda, dinani pamutuwu "Zina ...".
- Imathamangiranso zenera. Oyang'anira ntchito. Apitanso ku gululo "Zolumikizana ndi zolemba". Timapeza pomwepo "KUKHALA"sankhani ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Fayilo yotsutsana ndi otsogolera imatsegula GANIZANI. Mawu ake omasulira ndi awa:
= MATCHA (Kufufuzidwa mtengo; Kuwoneka mndandanda; match_type)Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi kudziwa nambala yomwe ilipo. Izi ndizo zomwe tikusowa m'munda "Nambala ya ndondomeko" ntchito KUSANKHA.
Kumunda "Zowonongeka" Nthawi yomweyo mungathe kunena mawu awa:
{0:0,8:0,95}Ziyenera kukhala ndendende m'makhalidwe abwino, monga ndondomeko yambiri. Sizovuta kuganiza kuti manambala awa (0; 0,8; 0,95) zikutanthauza malire a gawo logawanika pakati pa magulu.
Munda "Mapu Mtundu" osati kuvomereza ndipo pakadali pano sitidzazidzaza.
Kumunda "Ndalama yamtengo wapatali" ikani malonda. Ndiye kachiwiri, kupyolera mu chithunzi chofotokozedwa pamwambapa mwa mawonekedwe a katatu, timasuntha Mlaliki Wachipangizo.
- Nthawi ino Wizard ntchito Pitani ku gawo "Masamu". Sankhani dzina "SUMMESLI" ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Ntchito yotsutsana zenera ikuyamba. Miyeso. Wofotokozera amawerengetsera maselo omwe amakumana ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika. Chizindikiro chake ndi:
= SUMMES (zosiyana; ndondomeko; zolemba)Kumunda "Mtundu" lowetsani adiresi ya mndandandawo "Malipiro". Kwa zolinga izi, timayika malonda mmunda, ndiyeno, mutagwiritsa ntchito batani lamanzere, sankhani maselo onse ofanana nawo, osatengera mtengo "Total". Monga momwe mukuonera, adilesiyo imasonyezedwa nthawi yomweyo kumunda. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tikufunika kupanga chiyanjano chonse. Kuti muchite izi, pangani chisankho chake ndikusindikiza fungulo F4. Adilesiyi ikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro za dola.
Kumunda "Criterion" tikufunika kukhazikitsa chikhalidwe. Lowani mawu otsatirawa:
">"&Ndiye mwamsanga pambuyo pake timalowa ku adiresi ya selo yoyamba ya mndandandawo. "Malipiro". Timapanga makonzedwe osakanikirana mu adiresiyi, ndikuwonjezera chizindikiro cha dola kuchokera ku kibokosi kutsogolo kwa kalata. Zogwirizana zowonongeka ndi zogwirizana, ndiko kuti, payenera kusakhala chizindikiro pamaso pa nambala.
Pambuyo pake, musakanikize batani "Chabwino", ndipo dinani pa dzina la ntchito GANIZANI mu bar.
- Kenako timabwerera ku zenera zotsutsana. GANIZANI. Monga mukuonera, kumunda "Ndalama yamtengo wapatali" Deta inapezeka yomwe inaperekedwa ndi woyendetsa Miyeso. Koma sizo zonse. Pitani ku gawo ili ndi kuwonjezera chizindikiro ku deta yomwe ilipo. "+" popanda ndemanga. Kenaka ife timalowa ku adiresi ya selo yoyamba ya ndimeyo. "Malipiro". Ndipo mobwerezabwereza timapanga zolumikiza zowonongeka zazomwezi, ndipo pambali timasiya achibale.
Kenako, tengani zonse zomwe zili m'mundawu "Ndalama yamtengo wapatali" mu mabotolo, ndiye ikani chizindikiro chogawa ("/"). Pambuyo pake, kachiwiri kupyolera mu chithunzi cha katatu, pitani kuwindo la kusankha ntchito.
- Monga nthawi yotsiriza ikuyendetsa Wizard ntchito ndikuyang'ana woyendetsa wothandizira "Masamu". Nthawi ino, ntchito yofunidwa imatchedwa "SUMM". Sankhani ndipo dinani pa batani. "Chabwino".
- Fayilo yotsutsana ndi otsogolera imatsegula SUM. Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikutulutsidwa kwa deta mu maselo. Chidule cha mawu awa ndi chophweka:
= SUM (Number1; Number2; ...)Zolinga zathu zimangodalira munda. "Number1". Lowetsani makonzedwe a mndandanda wamtunduwu "Malipiro", kuphatikizapo selo yomwe ili ndi totali. Tachita kale ntchito yofanana kumunda. "Mtundu" ntchito Miyeso. Monga pa nthawi imeneyo, timapanga makonzedwe omveka bwino mwasankha, ndikukakamiza fungulo F4.
Pambuyo pakani pa fungulo "Chabwino" pansi pazenera.
- Monga mukuonera, zovuta za ntchito zolembedwera zinapanga mawerengedwe ndipo zinapereka zotsatira mu selo yoyamba ya chigawocho "Gulu". Chinthu choyamba chinapatsidwa gulu. "A". Njira yonse yomwe tagwiritsira ntchito kuwerengera izi ndi izi:
= SANKANI (MATCH ((SUMMES ($ B $ 2: $ B $ 27; ">" & $ B2) + $ B2) / SUM ($ B $ 2: $ B $ 27); {0: 0.8: 0.95} ); "A"; "B"; "C")Koma, ndithudi, pazifukwa zonse, zigawozi zikugwirizana. Choncho, silingaganizidwe ngati chilengedwe chonse. Koma, pogwiritsira ntchito buku lomwe laperekedwa pamwambapa, mukhoza kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa tebulo lililonse ndikugwiritsa ntchito njirayi bwinobwino.
- Komabe, izi siziri zonse. Tinawerengetsera kokha mzere woyamba wa tebulo. Kuti mudzaze zonsezi deta "Gulu", muyenera kutsanzira ndondomeko iyi pamtundu uli pansipa (kuphatikizapo selo la mzere "Total") pogwiritsa ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, monga momwe tachitira kangapo. Deta ikadzalowa, kusanthula kwa ABC kungakhale koyenera.
Monga momwe mukuonera, zotsatira zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zomwe tinazichita posankha. Zonsezi zimapatsidwa magawo omwewo, koma mizere sinasinthe malo awo oyambirira.
Phunziro: Excel ntchito wizara
Excel ikhoza kutsogolera kwambiri ABC kusanthula kwa wosuta. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chida monga kusankha. Pambuyo pake, munthu wolemera kwambiri, gawo logawanapo, ndipotu, kugawidwa m'magulu kumawerengedwa. Nthawi pamene kusintha kwa malo oyambirira a mizere yomwe ili patebulo silololedwa, mungagwiritse ntchito njirayo pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yovuta.
