Masiku ano, njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito silingaganizidwe mokwanira, ngati ilibe mawonekedwe ambiri. Momwemo ndi Linux. Poyambirira mu OS munali zitsamba zitatu zokha zomwe zimayendetsa ufulu wopezeka kwa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito, izi zikuwerenga, kulemba ndi kupha mwachindunji. Komabe, patapita kanthawi, omangawo anazindikira kuti izi sizinali zokwanira ndipo amapanga magulu apadera a ogwiritsa ntchito a OS. Ndi chithandizo chawo, anthu angapo amatha kupeza mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zomwezo.
Njira zowonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito ku magulu
Mwamtheradi aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito angasankhe gulu loyamba, lomwe lidzakhala gulu lalikulu, ndi magulu amkati, momwe angalowe nawo pa chifuniro. Ndikoyenera kufotokoza mfundo ziwirizi:
- Gulu lapadera (loyamba) limapangidwa mwamsanga mutatha kulembedwa mu OS. Izi zimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi ufulu wokhala pagulu limodzi lokha, lomwe limatchulidwa kawirikawiri malinga ndi dzina lomasulira.
- Magulu apambali ndi osasamala ndipo akhoza kusintha pa ntchito yamakompyuta. Komabe, wina sayenera kuiwala kuti chiwerengero cha magulu ochepa sichikhala chokha ndipo sichikhoza kupitirira 32.
Tsopano tiwone momwe tingagwirizanane ndi magulu ogwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa Linux.
Njira 1: Mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera
Mwamwayi, palibe pulogalamu yamakono yomwe ili ndi ntchito yowonjezera magulu atsopano ogwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa Linux. Poganizira izi, pulojekiti yosiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chigamba chilichonse chojambula.
KUser kwa KDE
Kuti muwonjezere ogwiritsa ntchito ku gulu m'zinthu za Linux ndi KDE desktop GUI, gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo la Kuser, lomwe lingathe kuikidwa pa kompyuta polembera "Terminal" lamulo:
sudo apt-get kukhazikitsa kuser
ndi kukanikiza fungulo Lowani.
Mapulogalamuwa ali ndi mawonekedwe oyambirira omwe ali othandizana nawo. Kuwonjezera wosuta ku gulu, muyenera choyamba kugawa pa dzina lake, ndiyeno, pawindo lomwe likuwonekera, pitani ku tabu "Magulu" ndipo dinani zomwe mukufuna kuti muzitha kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
"Woyang'anira Woyang'anira" wa Gnome 3
Koma Gnome, ndiye kuti magulu oyang'anira ndi ofanana. Mukufunikira kokha kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yoyenera, yomwe ili yofanana ndi yapitayi. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo cha kugawa kwa CentOS.
Kuyika "Wogwiritsa Ntchito", muyenera kuyendetsa lamulo:
sudo yum kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe-ogwiritsa ntchito
Kutsegula zenera pulogalamu, mudzawona:
Kuti mupeze ntchito yowonjezera, muyenera kufufuza kawiri pa dzina lanu ndikuyang'ana pa tabu lotchedwa "Magulu"inatsegulidwa muwindo latsopano. M'chigawo chino, mungasankhe magulu omwe amakukondani. Kuti muchite izi, ingokanizani zomwe mukufuna. Komanso, mungasankhe kapena kusintha gulu lalikulu:
"Ogwiritsa Ntchito ndi Magulu" ogwirizana
Monga momwe mukuonera, kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apamwambawa sikunali kosiyana. Komabe, chifukwa cha Unity GUI, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawidwa kwa Ubuntu ndipo ndi omwe amalenga chitukuko chawo, kasamalidwe ka magulu ogwiritsa ntchito ndi osiyana pang'ono. Koma zonse mwadongosolo.
Poyamba yesani pulogalamu yofunikira. Izi zachitika mwadzidzidzi, mutatha kutsatira lamulo lotsatira "Terminal":
sudo apt install gnome-system-zipangizo
Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa limodzi la magulu omwe alipo kapena wosuta, pitani ku menyu yoyamba ndipo dinani batani "Gulu lotsogolera" (1). Mukachita izi, zenera zidzawonekera. "Zosankha Zamagulu"kumene mungathe kuwona mndandanda wa magulu onse omwe ali m'dongosolo:
Pogwiritsa ntchito batani "Zolemba" (2) Mungathe kusankha mosavuta gulu lanu lopindulitsa ndi kuwonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito, pokhapokha mwazikaniza.
Njira 2: Kutsegula
Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito ogwira ntchito kuti athe kuwonjezera atsopano pazinthu zochokera ku Linux, popeza njira iyi imapereka njira zambiri. Chifukwa chaichi, lamulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito.usermod- izo zidzakulolani kuti musinthe magawo anu kukoma. Mwa zina, mwayi wapadera wogwira nawo ntchito "Terminal" Ndicho chidziwitso chake - malangizo ndi osowa kwa magawo onse.
Syntax
Msonkhano wa malamulo si wovuta ndipo umaphatikizapo mbali zitatu:
zosankha za usermod zosankha
Zosankha
Tsopano tidzakambirana zokhazo zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito.usermodzomwe zimakulolani kuti muwonjezere ogwiritsa ntchito magulu. Nazi mndandanda wa iwo:
- -g - amakulolani kuti muyike gulu lapadera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, komabe, gululo liyenera kukhalapo kale, ndipo mafayilo onse adiresi ya kunyumba adzasinthidwa ku gululi.
- -G - magulu ena apadera;
- -a - amakulolani kuti musankhe wosuta kuchokera pagulu la zosankha -G ndi kuwonjezerapo kwa magulu ena osankhidwa osasintha popanda kuyika phindu lamakono;
Inde, chiwerengero chonse cha zosankha ndi zambiri, koma timangoganizira zokha zomwe zingatheke kukwaniritsa ntchitoyo.
Zitsanzo
Tsopano tiyambe kuchita ndi kutenga chitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito lamulousermod. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kuwonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito ku gululo. sudo linuxzomwe zidzakhala zokwanira kuchita lamulo lotsatira "Terminal":
sudo usermod -a -G kugwiritsira ntchito galimoto
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngati mutapatula chisankho kuchokera ku syntax -a ndi kuchoka kokha -G, ndiye zowonongeka ziwononge magulu onse omwe mudapanga kale, ndipo izi zingachititse zotsatira zosayembekezereka.
Taganizirani chitsanzo chophweka. Mudasula gulu lanu lomwe liripo gudumuonjezerani wosuta ku gulu diskiKomabe, pambuyo pake muyenera kuyimitsa mawu achinsinsi, ndipo simungathenso kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu umene munapatsidwa kale.
Kuti muwone zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito, mungagwiritse ntchito lamulo ili:
wosuta id
Pambuyo pa zonse zomwe mwachita, mudzatha kuona kuti gulu lina lawonjezeredwa, ndipo magulu onse omwe alipo kale adakhalabe m'malo. Ngati mukukonzekera kuwonjezera magulu angapo panthawi imodzimodzi, muyenera kungowasiyanitsa ndi makina.
sudo usermod -a -G disks, vboxusers wosuta
Poyamba, popanga, gulu lalikulu la wogwiritsa ntchito limatchedwa dzina lake, koma ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kulimasulira kulikonse amene mumakonda, mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito:
sudo usermod -g ogwiritsa ntchito
Kotero inu mukuwona kuti dzina la gulu lalikulu lasintha. Zosankha zomwezo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poonjezera ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano pagulu sudo linuxpogwiritsa ntchito lamulo losavuta useradd.
Kutsiliza
Kuchokera pamwambapa, zikhoza kutsindika kuti pali njira zambiri zowonjezeretsera wothandizira ku gulu la Linux, ndipo aliyense ali ndi njira yakeyo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndinu wosadziwa zambiri kapena mukufuna kumaliza ntchitoyi mosavuta komanso mosavuta, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mapulojekiti ndi mawonekedwe. Ngati mwasintha kusintha kwakukulu kwa magulu, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito izi "Terminal" ndi timuusermod.
