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Debian ndi njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito. Mukayiyika, abwenzi ambiri amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pakagwira ntchito. Chowonadi ndi chakuti OS iyi iyenera kukonzedwa mu zigawo zambiri. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mungakhazikitsire intaneti ku Debian.

Onaninso:
Debian 9 Installation Guide
Momwe mungakonzere Debian pambuyo kukhazikitsa

Timasintha intaneti mu Debian

Pali njira zambiri zogwirizira makompyuta ku intaneti, ambiri a iwo anali atatha kale ndipo sakugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wopereka, pamene ena, mosiyana, ali otchuka. Debian ikhoza kusinthira aliyense wa iwo, koma nkhaniyi idzagwira ntchito yotchuka kwambiri.

Onaninso:
Kusintha kwa Network mu Ubuntu
Kusintha kwa Network mu Ubuntu Server

Ubale wokhudzana

Mu Debian, pali njira zitatu zokhazikitsira mgwirizano wotsatila: pakupanga kusintha kwa fayilo yosintha, pogwiritsa ntchito Network Manager program, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito.

Njira 1: Sinthani fayilo yosinthidwa

Zochita zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa m'munsizi zidzachitidwa "Terminal". Iyi ndi njira yapadziko lonse yomwe imagwira ntchito pamasulira onse a Debian. Kotero, kuti mukhazikitse mgwirizano wothandizira, chitani zotsatirazi:

1. Thamangani "Terminal"pofufuzira dongosolo ndikusindikiza pa chithunzi chofanana.



2. Muwindo lomwe likuwonekera "Terminal" Lowani ndi kuchita lamulo lotsatira kuti mutsegule fayilo yosinthidwa. "interfaces":

   sudo nano / etc / network / interfaces

   Onaninso: Olemba otchuka ku Linux

   Zindikirani: mutatha lamulolo, mudzafunsidwa mawu achinsinsi omwe mwawafotokozera poika Debian. Zowonjezera sizidzawonetsedwa.

3. Mu mkonzi, kubwereza mzere umodzi, lowetsani magawo otsatirawa:

   galimoto [dzina lachithunzi]
iface [network interface dzina] inet dhcp

   Zindikirani: mungapeze dzina la mawonekedwe a intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo la "ip address". M'magaziniyi muli mndandanda pansi pa nambala 2.



4. Ngati ma seva a DNS salembedwanso, mungathe kudzifotokozera nokha mu fayilo lomwelo mwa kulowetsa zotsatirazi:

   nameserver [adilesi ya DNS]

5. Sungani kusintha mwa kuwonekera Ctrl + Ondipo tulukani mkonzi potsegula Ctrl + X.

Zotsatira zake, fayilo yanu yosinthika iyenera kuoneka ngati iyi:

Dzina lenileni la mawonekedwe lamtunduwu likhoza kusiyana.

Ubale wothandizira ndi adiresi yogwira ntchito watha kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati muli ndi adilesi ya IP static, ndiye kuti mumasintha makanema mosiyana:

1. Tsegulani "Terminal" fayilo yosinthira:

   sudo nano / etc / network / interfaces

2. Pewani mzere umodzi kumapeto, lowetsani malemba awa, panthawi yomweyo mulowetse deta yofunikira m'malo oyenera:

   galimoto [dzina lachithunzi]
iface [network interface mawonekedwe] inet static
[adilesi]
netmask [aderesi]
chipata
dns-nameservers [adilesi]

3. Sungani kusintha ndikuchotsani mkonzi. nano.

Kumbukirani kuti dzina la mawonekedwe apakompyuta angapezeke polemba "Terminal" timu "ip address". Ngati simukudziwa deta yonse, ndiye kuti mungawapeze m'malemba kuchokera kwa wothandizira kapena pemphani wopereka chithandizo.

Malingana ndi zotsatira za zochitika zonse, makina anu okhwima adzakonzedwa. Nthawi zina, kuti kusintha konse kuchitike, muyenera kuthamanga lamulo lapadera:

sudo systemctl kumangoyambanso maukonde

kapena kuyambanso kompyuta.

Njira 2: Mtsogoleri wa Network

Ngati muli osokonezeka kugwiritsira ntchito kukonza kugwirizana "Terminal" kapena mukukumana ndi zovuta pakukwaniritsa malamulo omwe atchulidwa kale, mungagwiritse ntchito pulogalamu yapadera ya Network Manager, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe owonetsera.

1. Tsegulani zenera Zowonetsera Zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochezera Alt + F2 ndikulowa lamulo ili m'munda woyenera:

   nm-kugwirizana-mkonzi



2. Dinani batani "Onjezerani"kuti muwonjezere kugwirizana kwatsopano.



3. Fotokozani mtundu watsopano wothandizira monga "Ethernet"mwa kusankha chinthu chomwecho kuchokera pa mndandanda ndikusindikiza "Pangani ...".



4. Muwindo latsopano limene limatsegula, lowetsani dzina la kugwirizana.



5. Tab "General" onetsetsani makalata awiri oyambirira kuti mutatha kuyambitsa kompyuta onse ogwiritsa ntchito angathe kulumikiza ku intaneti.



6. Mu tab "Ethernet" dziwani zanu khadi lachinsinsi (1) ndi kusankha Njira yothandizira ma Adilesi (2). Zinalembedwanso "Kulumikizana" sankhani mzere "Ikani" (3). Masamba otsala samasintha.



7. Dinani tabu "IPv4" ndipo sankhani njira yothetsera monga "Momwemo (DHCP)". Ngati seva ya DNS yomwe mumalandira siili mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wothandizira, ndiye sankhani "Momwemo (DHCP, adresi yokha)" ndi kulowetsa ma seva a DNS m'munda wa dzina lomwelo.



8. Dinani Sungani ".

Pambuyo pake, mgwirizano udzakhazikitsidwa. Koma mwa njira iyi mungathe kukonza IP, koma ngati adiresi ili yolimba, tsatirani izi:

1. Kuchokera pandandanda "Kuyika Njira" sankhani mzere "Buku".
2. Kumaloko "Adilesi" pressani batani "Onjezerani".
3. Moyenera mulowetse adiresi, netmask ndi chipatala.
   

   Zindikirani: Zonse zofunika zomwe mungazipeze mwa kulankhulana ndi ISP yanu.

4. Tchulani maseva a DNS m'munda wa dzina lomwelo.
5. Dinani Sungani ".

Potsiriza, intaneti idzaikidwa. Ngati malo osatsegulawo simukutsegula, ndi bwino kuyambanso kompyuta.

Njira 3: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito "Network"

Ogwiritsa ntchito ena akhoza kukumana ndi vuto pamene ayambitsa Pulogalamu ya Network Manager. Pankhaniyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe imagwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kutsegula m'njira ziwiri:

1. Kulimbana ndi chizindikiro cha intaneti kumbali yakanja ya gulu la GNOME ndikusankha "Zowonongeka Pakompyuta".



2. Kulowa makonzedwe apakompyuta kupyolera pa menyu ndikudula pazithunzi "Network".

Pamene ntchitoyo imatsegulidwa, chitani zotsatirazi kuti mugwirizanitse kugwirizana kwa wired:

1. Tembenuzani mpikisano wamagetsi ku malo ogwira ntchito.



2. Dinani pa batani ndi chithunzi cha gear.



3. Muwindo latsopano latsopano lotsegulidwa "Chizindikiro", tchulani dzina la mgwirizano watsopano ndikusankha ma adilesi a MAC kuchokera m'ndandanda. Pano pano mungathe kugwiritsira ntchito mauthenga okhudzana ndi makina a makompyuta pambuyo poyambitsa OS ndikupanga kugwirizana kwa ogwiritsira ntchito onse pofufuza makalata otsogolera.



4. Pitani ku gawo "IPv4" ndikuyika kusinthasintha konse kuchitapo kanthu ngati wothandizira atapatsa adiresi yaikulu ya IP. Ngati seva ya DNS iyenera kulembedwa mwadongosolo, pewani kusinthana "DNS" ndilowetsani seva nokha.



5. Dinani batani "Ikani".

Ndi IP static ikufunika m'gululi "IPv4" tchulani makonzedwe ena:

1. Kuchokera pa mndandanda wa kuchepa "Adilesi" sankhani chinthu "Buku".
2. Mu mawonekedwe oti mudzaze, lowetsani adiresi yachonde, maski ndi chipata.
3. Pansi pansi lekani kusinthana "DNS" ndipo lowetsani adiresi yake yoyenera.
   

   Dziwani: ngati kuli kotheka, mukhoza kudina pa batani "+" ndikufotokozeranso ma seva ena a DNS.

4. Dinani batani "Ikani".

Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungakhalire ubale wokhudzana ndi IP komanso static IP mu Debian ntchito dongosolo. Zimangokhala kusankha njira yoyenera.

PPPoE

Mosiyana ndi kugwirizana kwa wired, mungathe kukhazikitsa PPPoE network mu Debian m'njira ziwiri zokha: kudzera ntchito pppoeconf komanso mothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu yamakono yotchuka ya Network Network.

Njira 1: pppoeconf

Utility pppoeconf ndi chida chosavuta chomwe chimakuthandizani kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa PPPoE pa njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kernel ya Linux. Koma mosiyana ndi ma distros ambiri, ntchitoyi siidakonzedweratu mu Debian, kotero muyenera kuyamba kuisunga ndikuyiyika.

Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokonza intaneti pa kompyuta yanu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotseguka, mwachitsanzo Wi-Fi, ndiye kuti muyike pppoeconf muyenera kutero "Terminal" pangani lamulo ili:

sudo apt install pppoeconf

Ngati simungathe kugwirizana ndi Wi-Fi, muyenera choyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo china ndikuchiyika pa Flash.

Koperani pppoeconf kwa machitidwe 64-bit
Koperani pppoeconf kwa makina 32-bit

Pambuyo pake, ikani makina a USB pakompyuta yanu ndipo chitani izi:

1. Lembani zofunikira ku foda "Zojambula"pogwiritsa ntchito woyimira mafayilo apamwamba Nautilus.
2. Tsegulani "Terminal".
3. Yendetsani kuzenera kumene fayilo ili. Pankhaniyi, pitani ku foda "Zojambula". Kuti muchite izi, thawani:

   cd / kunyumba / UserName / Downloads

   Zindikirani: Mmalo mwa "UserName", muyenera kufotokoza dzina lachidziwitso limene linafotokozedwa pokhazikitsa Debian.

4. Sungani zofunikira pppoeconfpoyendetsa lamulo:

   sudo dpkg -i [PackageName] .deb

   Kumalo mwake "[PackageName]" Muyenera kufotokoza dzina lonse la fayilo.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi, mutha kukhazikitsa mwachindunji kukhazikitsa pulogalamu ya PPPoE. Kwa izi:

1. Kuthamangitsani ntchito yowonjezerayi poyendetsa "Terminal":

   sudo pppoeconf

2. Dikirani kuti zipangizo zisinthe.



3. Sankhani mawonekedwe a intaneti kuchokera pa mndandanda.

   

   Zindikirani: ngati khadi la makanema ndi lokha, ndiye kuti mawonekedwe apakompyuta adzatsimikiziridwa mosavuta ndipo siteji iyi idzasweka.

4. Yankhani motsimikizika ku funso loyambalo - zogwiritsira ntchito zimakuwonetsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito makonzedwe otchuka omwe ali abwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri.



5. Lowani lolowera, lomwe linaperekedwa ndi wopereka wanu, ndipo dinani "Chabwino".



6. Lowetsani mawu achinsinsi amene wopereka anakupatsani, ndipo yesani "Chabwino".



7. Yankhani inde inde ngati ma seva a DNS amatsimikizirika mosavuta. Apo ayi, sankhani "Ayi" ndipo dziwatseni nokha.



8. Mulole malire a MSS kufika 1452 bytes. Izi zidzathetsa zolakwika pamene mutsegula malo ena.



9. Sankhani "Inde"kotero kuti kulumikizana kwa PPPoE kumakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha pamene dongosolo likuyambitsidwa.



10. Kuti mukhazikitse mgwirizano pakali pano, yankhani "Inde".

Ngati mwasankha yankho "Inde", intaneti ikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kale. Apo ayi, kulumikizana, muyenera kulowa lamulo:

sudo pon dsl-wopereka

Kuti mulephere, chitani izi:

sudo poff dsl-wopereka

Umu ndi momwe mungakhalire makina a PPPoE pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito. pppoeconf akhoza kuonedwa ngati wangwiro. Koma ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto m'kutsata kwake, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri.

Njira 2: Mtsogoleri wa Network

Kugwiritsira ntchito Network Manager, kukhazikitsa kulumikizana kwa PPPoE kungatenge nthawi yaitali, koma ngati simungathe kutengera zofunikira pppoeconf pa kompyuta yanu, iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo kukhazikitsa intaneti mu Debian.

1. Tsegulani zenera pulogalamu. Kuti muchite izi, yesani kuyanjana kwachinsinsi Alt + F2 ndi kumunda umene umawoneka, lowetsani lamulo ili:

   nm-kugwirizana-mkonzi



2. Pawindo limene limatsegula, dinani pa batani. "Onjezerani".



3. Sankhani mzere kuchokera pandandanda "DSL" ndipo dinani "Pangani".



4. Fenera idzatsegulidwa kumene muyenera kulemba dzina la kulumikizana mu mzere woyenera.



5. Mu tab "General" Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tipereke mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira kuti pakhale PC itatsegulidwa, intaneti imayikidwa mosavuta ndipo ogwiritsira ntchito onse ali nayo.



6. Pa tabu ya DSL, lowetsani dzina lanu ndi dzina lanu pazinthu zoyenera. Ngati mulibe deta iyi, mukhoza kulankhulana ndi wopereka.

   

   Dziwani: dzina la utumiki ndilololera.

7. Kupita ku tabu "Ethernet", sankhani mndandanda "Chipangizo" Dzina la mawonekedwe a intaneti akupezeka "Kulumikizana" - "Musanyalanyaze"ndi kumunda "Yambani Makompyuta A MAC" tchulani "Sungani".



8. Mu tab "IPv4" ndi IP yogwira yomwe mukufuna kuchokera mndandanda "Kuyika Njira" sankhani "Momwemo (PPPoE)".



Ngati ma seva a DNS samabwera mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wothandizira, ndiye sankhani "Momwemo (PPPoE, adilesi okha)" ndipo alowetseni nokha m'munda wa dzina lomwelo.



Ngati malo adilesi yanu ya IP imakhala yolimba, muyenera kusankha njira yowonjezeramo ndi kuika zonsezi pazinthu zoyenera kuti mulowemo.



9. Dinani Sungani " ndi kutseka zenera pulogalamu.

Kulumikizana kwa intaneti pambuyo pomaliza ntchito zonse ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati si choncho, kukhazikitsanso kompyuta kungathandize.

YAM'MBUYO YOTSATIRA

Pa mitundu yonse ya maulumikizi a intaneti, DIAL-UP tsopano ikudziwika kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake palibe mapulogalamu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe angakonzedwe mu Debian. Koma pali ntchito pppconfig ndi mawonekedwe a pseudographic. Mukhozanso kukhazikitsa pogwiritsira ntchito zofunikira. wvdialkoma choyamba choyamba.

Njira 1: pppconfig

Utility pppconfig ndizofanana kwambiri pppoeconfig: Mukakhazikitsa, mukufunikira kupereka mayankho a mafunso, pambuyo pake mgwirizanowu udzakhazikitsidwa. Koma ntchitoyi siinayambe kukhazikitsidwa pazitsulo, kotero ikanizani "Terminal":

sudo apt install pppconfig

Ngati mulibe mwayi wopeza intaneti kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhazikitsa kuchokera pagalimoto. Kuti muchite izi, yambani kukweza phukusi. pppconfig ndi kuchiponyera icho pa galimoto.

Koperani pppconfig kwa ma-64-bit machitidwe
Tsitsani pppconfig makina 32-bit

Ndiye kuti muyike, chitani zotsatirazi:

1. Ikani magalimoto a USB pakompyuta yanu.
2. Sungani deta kuchokera ku foda "Zojambula"yomwe ili muzinthu zoyendetsera kunyumba.
3. Tsegulani "Terminal".
4. Yendetsani ku foda kumene mudasuntha fayilo ndi ntchito, ndiko, ku "Zojambula":

   cd / kunyumba / UserName / Downloads

   Kokha mmalo mwake "Wogwiritsa Ntchito" lowetsani dzina lachidziwitso limene linafotokozedwa pokhazikitsa dongosolo.

5. Sakani phukusi pppconfig pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo lapadera:

   sudo dpkg -i [PackageName] .deb

   Kumene mungapeze "[PackageName]" m'dzina la deb-file.

Pomwe phukusi lofunikira lidaikidwa m'dongosolo, mungathe kuchita mwachindunji kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa DIAL-UP.

1. Kuthamangitsani ntchito pppconfig:

   sudo pppconfig docomo

2. Muwindo loyamba lojambula zithunzi, sankhani "Pangani kugwirizana kotchedwa docomo" ndipo dinani "Ok".



3. Kenaka dziwani momwe mungakonzere maseva a DNS. Kwa IP static, sankhani Gwiritsani ntchito DNS static "ndi mphamvu - "Gwiritsani ntchito DNS yamphamvu".

   

   Chofunika: ngati mutasankha "Gwiritsani ntchito DNS static", ndiye kuti mulowetse pulogalamu ya IP yoyamba ndipo ngati mulipo, yowonjezerapo seva.

4. Sankhani njira yovomerezeka mwa kusankha "Peer Authentication Protocol"ndipo dinani "Ok".



5. Lowani lolowera limene mudapatsidwa ndi wothandizira.



6. Lowani mawu achinsinsi omwe mudalandila kuchokera kwa wothandizira.

   

   Zindikirani: ngati mulibe deta iyi, funsani thandizo lothandizira ndikulipereka kwa woyendetsa.

7. Tsopano muyenera kufotokozera pafupipafupi pa intaneti, zomwe zimakupatsani modem. Ngati sikofunikira kuti mukhale malire, tengani mtengo wapatali m'munda ndikusakani "Ok".



8. Fotokozani njira yojambula monga tanthauzo, sankhani kusankha "Tone" ndipo dinani "Ok".



9. Lowani nambala yanu ya foni. Chonde dziwani kuti muyenera kulowa deta popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha dash.



10. Tchulani doko la modem yanu yomwe imagwirizanitsa.

    

    Dziwani kuti: "mawindo a ttyS0-ttyS3" angayang'edwe pogwiritsa ntchito "sudo ls -l / dev / ttyS *" lamulo

11. Muwindo lomalizira mudzaperekedwa ndi lipoti la deta yonse yomwe inaloledwa kale. Ngati onse ali olondola, sankhani mzere "Ndamaliza kulembetsa mafayilo ndi kubwerera kumndandanda waukulu" ndipo dinani Lowani.

Tsopano mukungofunikira kuti muchite lamulo limodzi loti muzigwirizane:

pon docomo

Kuti athetse mgwirizano, gwiritsani ntchito lamulo ili:

poff docomo

Njira 2: wvdial

Ngati simunathe kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wa DIAL-UP pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapitayi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuchita mothandizidwa ndi zowonjezera. wvdial. Zidzathandiza kulenga mafayilo apadera m'dongosolo, pambuyo pake adzayenera kusintha. Tsopano izo zifotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungachitire izo.

1. Muyenera choyamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo wvdialchifukwa ichi "Terminal" zokwanira kuchita:

   sudo apt install wvdial

   Apanso, ngati panthawi ino makanema anu sanagwiritsidwe ntchito, mukhoza kukopera pulogalamu yofunikira pasadakhale kuchokera pa intaneti pa chipangizo china, kuichotsa pa galasi la USB ndikuliyika pa kompyuta yanu.

   Koperani zowonjezera machitidwe 64-bit
   Koperani zowonjezera machitidwe 32-bit



2. Pambuyo pazowonjezera pulogalamu yanu, muyenera kuyendetsa kuti ipange fayilo yofanana, yomwe tidzasintha. Kuti muthamange, yesani lamulo lotsatira:

   sudo wvdialconf

3. Fayiloyo inalengedwa m'ndandanda "/ etc /" ndipo imatchedwa "wvdial.conf". Tsegulani mu mndandanda wa malemba:

   sudo nano /etc/wvdial.conf

4. Idzasungira magawo omwe akuwerengedwa kuchokera ku modem yanu. Mukungofunikira kudzaza mizere itatu: Foni, Username ndi Chinsinsi.



5. Sungani zosintha (Ctrl + O) ndi kutseka mkonzi (Ctrl + X).

Kugwirizana kwa DIAL-UP kunakonzedweratu, koma kuti ikuthandizeni, muyenera kupanga lamulo limodzi lokha:

sudo wvdial

Kuti muyambe kugwirizana kokha ndi intaneti pamene makompyuta ayamba, ingolani lamulo ili ku Debian autoload.

Kutsiliza

Pali mitundu yambiri ya maulumikizi a intaneti, ndipo Debian ili ndi zipangizo zoyenera kuzikonzera. Monga mukuonera kuchokera pamwambapa, pali njira zingapo zokonza mtundu uliwonse wa mgwirizano. Muyenera kudzipangira nokha amene angagwiritse ntchito.