Chimodzi mwazofunikira zachuma ndi zachuma za ntchito ya malonda aliwonse ndikutulukira momwe akugwiritsira ntchito. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsera kuti ndikulingalira kotani kwa ntchito yomwe bungwe lidzapindula ndipo silidzatayika. Excel amapereka ogwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimathandiza kufotokozera chizindikirochi ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake. Tiyeni tipeze momwe tingawagwiritsire ntchito popeza mpumulo-ngakhale ngakhale pachitsanzo.
Pewani ngakhale mfundo
Chofunika cha kupuma-ngakhale mfundo ndi kupeza phindu la kupanga komwe phindu la ndalama (zowonongeka) lidzakhala zero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala kuchuluka kwa zopangidwe, kampaniyo idzayamba kusonyeza phindu la ntchitoyo, komanso kuchepa - zopanda phindu.
Mukamaliza kupuma-ngakhale mfundo muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama zonse za bizinesi zingagawidwe kukhala zosasinthika ndi zosinthika. Gulu loyambalo silinadalira mtundu wa zopangidwe ndipo sasintha. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa malipiro kwa ogwira ntchito, ndondomeko ya kubwereka malo, kuchepa kwa katundu wokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Koma ndalama zosinthira zimadalira molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kupanga. Izi, choyamba, ziyenera kuphatikizapo mtengo wogula zipangizo ndi mphamvu, kotero mtundu uwu wa mtengo umasonyezedwa pa unit of output.
Lingaliro la kusweka-ngakhale mfundo likugwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha ndalama zosasinthika ndi zosinthika. Mpaka pokhapokha paliponse paliponse zomwe zimapangidwira, ndalama zowonjezera zimakhala ndalama zowonjezera phindu lonse la zokolola, koma ndi kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu, magawo awo amagwa, ndipo chifukwa chake ndalama zogulitsa katundu zimagwa. Pa nthawi yopuma, ngakhale mtengo wapatali, mtengo wogulitsa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku kugulitsa katundu kapena ntchito ndi ofanana. Pokhala ndi kuonjezereka kochuluka kwa kupanga, kampani ikuyamba kupanga phindu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziŵa zolemba zomwe zimapangidwira.
Kuphwanya-ngakhale ngakhale kuwerengera
Timawerengera chiwerengerochi pogwiritsira ntchito zida za pulojekiti ya Excel, komanso kumanga galasi yomwe tidzasindikizirapo. Kwa ziwerengero tidzakagwiritsa ntchito tebulo momwe deta yoyamba yokhudza ntchitoyi ikuwonetsedwa:
- Zowonongeka;
- Ndalama zosiyana pa unit of production;
- Mtengo wogulitsa pa unit of output.
Choncho, tidzatha kuwerengetsa deta, potsatira mfundo zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu tebulo mu chithunzi pansipa.
- Timapanga tebulo latsopano pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo lachitukuko. Mzere woyamba wa tebulo latsopano ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu (kapena maere) opangidwa ndi malonda. Ndiko kuti, nambala ya mzere idzawonetsa chiwerengero cha zinthu zopangidwa. Mu gawo lachiwiri ndi mtengo wa ndalama zokwanira. Zidzakhala zofanana ndi ife mu mizere yonse. 25000. Mzere wachitatu ndi chiwerengero cha ndalama zosinthika. Mtengo umenewu pa mzere uliwonse udzakhala wofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndiko kuti, zomwe zili mu selo loyambalo, m'mbali yoyamba, ndi 2000 rubles.
M'ndandanda yachinayi ndi ndalama zonse. Ndizowerengeka za maselo a mzere wolingana wa gawo lachiwiri ndi lachitatu. Mu ndime yachisanu ndizo ndalama zonse. Icho chiwerengedwera powonjezera mtengo wa unit (4500 r.) pa chiwerengero chawo chophatikizapo, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu mzere wolingana wa chigawo choyamba. Mzere wachisanu ndi chimodzi uli ndi chizindikiro cha phindu. Icho chiwerengedwa pochotsa kuchoka ku ndalama zonse (ndime 5) kuchuluka kwa ndalama (ndime 4).
Izi zikutanthauza kuti, m'mizere ija yomwe ilibe phindu m'maselo ofanana a ndime yotsiriza, pali kutayika kwa kampani, kumene zizindikirozo zidzakhala 0 - Kuphulika-ngakhale ngakhale kwafikapo, ndipo mmalo momwe zidzakhalire zabwino - phindu la ntchito ya bungwe likudziwika.
Kuti muwone, tchulani 16 mizere. Chigawo choyamba chidzakhala chiwerengero cha zinthu (kapena maere) kuchokera 1 mpaka 16. Mitu yotsatira imadzazidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe idatchulidwa pamwambapa.
- Monga mukuonera, kuphulika-ngakhale mfundo ikufikira 10 mankhwala. Apa ndiye kuti ndalama zonse (45,000 rubles) ndizofanana ndi ndalama zonse, ndipo ndalama zowonjezera ndizofanana 0. Kuyambira pamene kutulutsidwa kwa chinthu khumi ndi chimodzi, kampani yasonyeza ntchito yopindulitsa. Kotero, kwa ife, kupuma-ngakhale ngakhale mu kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero ndi 10 mayunitsi, ndi ndalama - Makulita 45,000.
Kupanga ndandanda
Pambuyo patebulo pakhazikitsidwa kuti phokoso-ngakhale ngakhale liwerengedwe, mukhoza kupanga galama pomwe chitsanzo ichi chidzawonetsedwa. Kuti tichite izi, tifunika kumanga chithunzi ndi mizere iwiri yomwe ikuwonetsa mtengo ndi malonda a malonda. Pazigawo za mizere iwiri iyi idzakhala yopumira-ngakhale mfundo. Pakati pa axis X Chithunzi ichi chidzakhala chiwerengero cha mayunitsi a katundu, ndi pazowunikira Y ndalama zokwanira.
- Pitani ku tabu "Ikani". Dinani pazithunzi "Malo"yomwe imayikidwa pa tepi mu zida za zipangizo "Zolemba". Tili ndi kusankha mitundu yambiri ya ma grafu. Kuti tithetse vuto lathu, mtunduwu ndi wabwino kwambiri. "Dot ndi miyala yosalala ndi makina"kotero dinani chinthu ichi m'ndandanda. Ngakhale, ngati mukufuna, mungagwiritse ntchito mitundu ina ya mizere.
- Malo opanda tsatanetsatane amayamba patsogolo pathu. Iyenera kudzazidwa ndi deta. Kuti muchite izi, dinani kumene kumalo. Mu menyu yoyanjidwa, sankhani malo "Sankhani deta ...".
- Fayilo yosankhira deta yopezera deta ikuyamba. Pali malo omwe ali kumanzere kwake "Zithunzi za nthano (mizera)". Timakanikiza batani "Onjezerani"yomwe ili mulowetsedwe.
- Tisanayambe kutsegula zenera lotchedwa "Sintha mzere". Momwemo tiyenera kufotokoza makonzedwe a kufalitsa deta, mothandizidwa ndi imodzi mwa ma grafu. Poyamba tidzakhazikitsa ndondomeko yomwe ndalama zonse zidzawonetsedwe. Kotero, mmunda "Dzina Loyamba" lowetsani mzere wa makina "Ndalama Zonse".
Kumunda Makhalidwe a X onetsani zolumikizana za deta yomwe ili muzomwelo "Zambiri za katundu". Kuti muchite izi, yikani mthunzi mumunda uno, ndiyeno, mutasindikiza batani lamanzere, dinani ndondomeko yoyenera ya tebulo pa pepala. Monga momwe mukuonera, pambuyo pa zochitikazi, makonzedwe ake adzawonetsedwa muzenera zowonjezera zenera.
Mu gawo lotsatira "Y" ayenera kusonyeza adiresi yachinsinsi "Ndalama Zonse"momwe deta yomwe tikusowa ili. Timachita molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambapa: ikani malonda mmunda ndikusankha maselo a khomo lofunika ndi batani lamanzere. Deta idzawonetsedwa m'munda.
Pambuyo pazimene zachitika pamwambapa, dinani pa batani. "Chabwino"anaika pansi pazenera.
- Pambuyo pake, imangobwerera kuwindo la zosankha zosankha. Iyenso amafunika kukanikiza batani "Chabwino".
- Monga momwe mukuonera, pambuyo pake pepala lidzawonetsera gradi ya ndalama zonse za malonda.
- Tsopano tikuyenera kumanga mzere wa ndalama zonse za malonda. Poganizira izi, dinani pomwepa pa tchati, zomwe zili ndi mzere wa ndalama zonse za bungwe. Mu menyu yachidule, sankhani malo "Sankhani deta ...".
- Fayilo yosankhira deta yoyambira datha ikuyambanso, momwe muyenera kudinanso batani. "Onjezerani".
- Kuwonekera kwawindo laling'ono kumatsegulira. Kumunda "Dzina Loyamba" nthawi ino tikulemba "Ndalama Zonse".
Kumunda Makhalidwe a X ayenera kulowa m'zigawo za m'mbali "Zambiri za katundu". Timachita izi mofanana ndi momwe tinaganizira tikamanga mzere wokwera mtengo.
Kumunda "Y"Mofananamo, timafotokozera zogwirizana za ndimeyo. "Ndalama Zonse".
Mutatha kuchita izi, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Fayilo yosankhira deta yosungirako deta limatsekedwa podindira pa batani. "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pake, mzere wa ndalama zonse zidzawonetsedwa pa ndege ya pepala. Ndilo lingaliro la kuyanjana kwa mizere yonse ya ndalama ndi malipiro onse adzakhala phokoso-ngakhale mfundo.
Choncho, takwanitsa zolinga zokonza dongosolo lino.
Phunziro: Momwe mungapangire chithunzi mu Excel
Monga momwe mukuonera, kupuma-ngakhale mfundo kumadalira kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa zotsatira, momwe ndalama zonse zidzafanana ndi ndalama zonse. Zojambulajambula, izi zikuwonetsedwa mukumanga kwa mizere ya ndalama ndi ndalama, ndi kupeza mfundo ya njira yawo, yomwe idzakhala yopuma. Kuchita ziwerengero zoterezi ndizofunikira pakukonzekera ndikukonzekera ntchito za bizinesi iliyonse.
