Kupanga seva la FTP ku Linux

Kutumizirana mafayilo pa intaneti kumachitika chifukwa cha makina okonza FTP. Pulogalamuyi ikugwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga za TCP makasitomala ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mautumiki osiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire kusintha kwa malamulo pakati pa malo ogwirizana. Ogwiritsira ntchito ogwirizanitsa ndi kampani inayake yowonongeka akukumana ndi kufunikira kokonza seva la FTP payekha malinga ndi zofunikira za kampani imene imapereka ma webusaiti yokonza mapulogalamu kapena mapulogalamu ena. Kenaka, tidzasonyeza momwe tingakhalire seva yotereyi ku Linux pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chimodzi cha zinthu zothandiza.

Pangani seva la FTP ku Linux

Lero tigwiritsa ntchito chida chotchedwa VSftpd. Ubwino wa seva ngati FTP ndi kuti mwachindunji umayendetsedwa ndi machitidwe ambiri, imasungira maofesi osiyanasiyana a Linux ndipo ndi yosavuta kuikonza kuti ikhale yoyenera. Mwa njirayi, FTP iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Linux kernel, ndipo makampani ambiri ogwira ntchito amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa VSftpd. Choncho, tiyeni tizimvetsera mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko yoyikira ndikukonzekera zigawo zofunika.

Khwerero 1: Yesani VSftpd

Mwachisawawa, makalata onse oyenera a VSftpd m'magawuni sapezeka, kotero iwo ayenera kusungidwa pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito console. Izi zachitika motere:

1. Tsegulani "Terminal" Njira iliyonse yabwino, mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mu menyu.



2. Ogwira mabaibulo a Debian kapena Ubuntu amafunika kulemba lamulo.sudo apt-get install vsftpd. CentOS, Fedora -yum kukhazikitsa vsftpd, ndi Gentoo -emerge vsftpd. Atangoyamba kumene, dinani Lowanikuyamba kuyambitsa njira.



3. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi ufulu ndi akaunti yanu pofotokozera mawu oyenera.



4. Yembekezani mafayilo atsopano kuwonjezera pa dongosolo.

Timakopa chidwi cha eni eni a CentOS, omwe amagwiritsira ntchito seva yodzipatulira kuchokera kumalo ena. Muyenera kusintha ndondomeko yotchedwa OS kernel module, chifukwa popanda njirayi, zolakwika zazikulu zidzawonekera panthawi yopangidwe. Lembani mosamala malamulo awa:

yum zosinthika
rpm -Uvh //www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa yum-plugin-fastestmirror
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-devel-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-doc-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-doc-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-headers-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-headers-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-tools-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-tools-libs-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-tools-libs-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-tools-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/perf-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa perf-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
wonani //mirrors.neterra.net/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/python-perf-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
yum kukhazikitsa python-perf-3.15.6-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
Yum --enablerepo = elrepo-kernel kernel-ml

Pambuyo pa mapangidwe onsewa, yesani fayilo yosinthika m'njira iliyonse yabwino./boot/grub/grub.conf. Sinthani zomwe zili mkati kuti magawo otsatirawa akhale oyenera:

default = 0
nthawi = = 5
mutu vmlinuz-4.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
mizu (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-4.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 console = hvc0 xencons = tty0 root = / dev / xvda1 ro
initrd /boot/initramfs-4.0.4-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img

Ndiye mumangoyambiranso seva yopatulira ndikupititsa patsogolo pa seva la FTP pa kompyuta.

Khwerero 2: Kuika Pulogalamu Yoyambira FTP Yoyamba

Pogwirizana ndi pulojekitiyi, fayilo yake yosinthidwa imatumizidwa pa kompyuta, kuyambira pomwe seva la FTP limagwira ntchito. Zokonzera zonse zimapangidwira payekha pazinthu zowonjezera kapena zofuna zawo. Tikhoza kusonyeza momwe fayilo iyi imatsegulidwa ndipo ndi magawo ati omwe ayenera kuwamvetsera.

1. Pa machitidwe opangidwa ndi Debian kapena Ubuntu, fayilo yosinthidwa ikuyenda monga iyi:sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf. Mu CentOS ndi Fedora ali panjira./etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, ndi ku Gentoo -/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf.chitsanzo.



2. Fayilo yokha imasonyezedwa mu console kapena mndandanda wa malemba. Pano tcherani khutu ku mfundo zotsatirazi. Mu fayilo yanu yosinthidwa, ayenera kukhala ofanana.

   osadziwika_enable = NO
loc_enable = INDI
lembani = loyenera = EYA
chroot_local_user = INDI

3. Kodi zonse zikukonzekera nokha, ndipo musaiwale kusunga kusintha.

Gawo 3: Kuwonjezera Wophunzira Wopambana

Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito ndi seva la FTP osati kudzera mu akaunti yanu yaikulu kapena mukufuna kupereka mwayi kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ena, ma profaili omwe adalengedwa ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu woloweza kuti pokhapokha ngati mutsegula VSftpd ntchitoyi mulibe zolakwika ndi mwayi wotsutsa.

1. Thamangani "Terminal" ndipo lowetsani lamulosudo adduser user1kumene user1 - dzina la akaunti yatsopano.



2. Ikani mawu achinsinsi kwa izo, ndiyeno nkutsimikizira izo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tikulimbikitsanso kuti tikumbukire zolemba za kunyumba, m'tsogolomu mungafunikire kuzipeza kudzera muzondomeko.



3. Lembani mfundo zoyenera - dzina lonse, nambala ya chipinda, manambala a foni ndi zina, ngati mukufunikira.



4. Pambuyo pake, perekani ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito polemba lamulosudo adduser user1 sudo.



5. Pangani kwa wosuta buku lothandizira kuti asungire mafayilo akesudo mkdir / kunyumba / user1 / mafayilo.



6. Chotsatira, pita ku foda yanu ya kunyumba kudutsacd / kunyumbandipo pamenepo mupange watsopanoyo mwini mwini wazomwe mukulembachown root: root / home / user1.



7. Bweretsani seva mutapanga kusintha konse.sudo service vsftpd kuyamba. Kugawidwa kwa Gentoo kokha, ntchitoyo imagwiritsanso ntchito/etc/init.d/vsftpd ayambanso.

Tsopano mukhoza kuchita zofunikira zonse pa seva la FTP m'malo mwa wogwiritsa ntchito watsopano amene wapatsa ufulu wowonjezera.

Khwerero 4: Konzani Firewall (Ubuntu kokha)

Ogwiritsa ntchito zina zogawidwa akhoza kuthawa sitepeyi, popeza kutsegula kwa piritsi sikufunikanso kulikonse, koma ku Ubuntu basi. Mwachinsinsi, Firewall imakonzedweratu kuti ikhale yosaloledwa kuyendetsa magalimoto kuchokera ku maadiresi omwe timafunikira, choncho, tifunikira kulola ndime yake pamanja.

1. Mu zotonthoza, yambitsani malamulowa pamodzi.sudo ufw kulemalandisudo ufw kuthandizakukhazikitsanso chowotcha.



2. Onjezerani malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchitosudo ufw mulole 20 / tcpndisudo ufw alola 21 / tcp.



3. Onetsetsani kuti malamulowa agwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana momwe malowa amachitirasudo ufw chikhalidwe.

Mosiyana, ine ndikufuna kutchula malamulo angapo othandiza:

• /etc/init.d/vsftpd ayambekapenaservice vsftpd kuyamba- kusanthula fayilo yosintha;
• netstat -tanp | grep Mverani- kuwona kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa seva ya FTP;
• munthu vsftpd- kuitanitsa zolemba zovomerezeka za VSftpd kuti mufufuze zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ntchito;
• vsftpd yowonjezerakapena/etc/init.d/vsftpd ayambanso- seva yoyambiranso.

Ponena za kupeza mwayi kwa FTP-seva ndikupitiriza kugwira nawo ntchito, alankhule kuti mulandire deta iyi kwa oyimilira anu. Kuchokera kwa iwo, mudzatha kufotokozera zamatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi kugwidwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zolakwika.

Nkhaniyi ikufika pamapeto. Lero tatsimikiza njira yowonjezera ya seva ya VSftpd popanda kumangirizidwa ndi kampani ina iliyonse, kotero kumbukirani izi pochita malangizo athu ndikuziyerekeza ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi seva yanu. Kuonjezera apo, tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zina zathu, zomwe zikukhudzana ndi phunziro lopangidwira la zigawo za LAMP.

Onaninso: Kuika LAMP suite mu Ubuntu