Chithunzi chachithunzi ndi gome lomwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga dongosolo la polojekiti ndikuwonetsetsa kukwaniritsa kwake. Kwa ntchito yake yomangamanga pali mapulogalamu apadera, monga MS Project. Koma kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono komanso bizinesi yaumwini, sichinthu chanzeru kugula pulogalamu yapadera ndikukhala ndi nthawi yambiri yophunzira zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu a pawebusaiti, pulosesa ya spreadsheet Excel, yomwe imayikidwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, imakhala yopambana. Tiyeni tipeze momwe tingakwaniritsire ntchito pamwambapa pulogalamuyi.
Onaninso: Mmene mungapangire chithunzi cha Gantt mu Excel
Ndondomeko ya mafilimu a makanema
Kuti mumange makanema ku Excel, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito tchati cha Gantt. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chofunikira, mukhoza kupanga tebulo la zovuta zonse, kuyambira pulogalamu ya alonda kuti awononge mapulani osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pazomwe timagwira ntchitoyi, kupanga pulogalamu yosavuta.
Gawo 1: Pangani dongosolo la tebulo
Choyamba, muyenera kupanga kapangidwe ka gome. Icho chidzakhala mawonekedwe a makanema. Zomwe zimachitika pa ndondomeko ya intaneti ndizolemba, zomwe zikuwonetsera chiwerengero cha ntchito inayake, dzina lake, lomwe liri ndi udindo wotsatiridwa ndi nthawi yake. Koma kupatula zinthu izi zofunika, pakhoza kukhala zina zowonjezera mu mawonekedwe a zolemba, ndi zina zotero.
- Kotero, ife timalowa maina a zikhomo mmutu wotsatira wa tebulo. Mu chitsanzo chathu, mayina a mndandanda ali awa:
- P / p;
- Dzina la chochitikacho;
- Munthu wodalirika;
- Tsiku loyamba;
- Nthawi mu masiku;
- Zindikirani
Ngati maina sakulowa m'seri, ndiye kuti akukankhira malire ake.
- Lembani zinthu zomwe zili pamutu ndipo dinani pamalo osankhidwa. Mulemba mndandanda mtengo "Sungani maselo ...".
- Muwindo latsopano timasunthira ku gawoli. "Kugwirizana". Kumaloko "Mwachilendo" ikani kusinthana pa malo "Pakati". Mu gulu "Onetsani" onani bokosi "Tsatirani ndi mawu". Izi zidzatipindulitsa panthawi yomwe tidzakonza tebulo kuti tipeze malo pa pepala, kusuntha malire ake.
- Pitani ku maonekedwe awindo tabu. "Mawu". Mu bokosi lokhalamo "Kulembetsa" onetsetsani bokosi pafupi ndi choyimira "Bold". Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti maina a mndandanda apitirize pakati pazinthu zina. Tsopano dinani pa batani "Chabwino"kusungira kusintha kojambulidwa kumeneku.
- Gawo lotsatira lidzakhala malire a malire a tebulo. Sankhani maselo omwe ali ndi mayina a zikhomo, komanso mizere yomwe ili pansi pawo, yomwe idzakhala yofanana ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito zomwe zinakonzedwa mkati mwa polojekitiyi.
- Ili pa tabu "Kunyumba", dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa chithunzi "Malire" mu block "Mawu" pa tepi. Mndandanda wa mtundu wamtundu wosankhidwa ukutsegula. Timasiya kusankha pa malo "Malire Onse".
Pachifukwachi, kulengedwa kwa tebulo lopanda kanthu kungakhale ngati kutha.
PHUNZIRO: Kupanga ma tebulo a Excel
Gawo 2: Kupanga Nthawi
Tsopano tikufunikira kupanga gawo lalikulu la ndondomeko yathu yamakono - nthawi yayitali. Zidzakhala zigawo zazitsulo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nthawi imodzi ya polojekitiyi. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi imodzi ndi yofanana ndi tsiku limodzi, koma pali nthawi pamene mtengo wa nthawi ukuwerengedwa masabata, miyezi, nyumba ndi zaka.
Mu chitsanzo chathu, timagwiritsa ntchito njirayi pamene nthawi imodzi ili yofanana ndi tsiku limodzi. Timapanga nthawi ya masiku 30.
- Pitani ku malire oyenera a kukonza tebulo lathu. Kuyambira pa malire awa, timasankha zigawo 30, ndipo nambala ya mizere idzakhala yofanana ndi nambala ya mizere yomwe ilibe kanthu yomwe tinalenga kale.
- Pambuyo pake timangodina pazithunzi "Malire" mu njira "Malire Onse".
- Potsatira momwe malire afotokozedwera, tidzakhala owonjezera masikuwo. Tiyerekeze kuti tidzayang'ana polojekitiyi ndi nthawi yoyenera kuyambira June 1 mpaka June 30, 2017. Pachifukwa ichi, dzina la zipilala za nthawi yayitali ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi nthawi yeniyeni. Inde, kulowetsa mwadongosolo masiku onse kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kotero ife tigwiritsa ntchito chida chodziwikiratu chotchedwa "Kupitirira".
Ikani tsikulo kukhala chinthu choyamba cha mimbulu "01.06.2017". Pitani ku tabu "Kunyumba" ndipo dinani pazithunzi "Lembani". Menyu yowonjezera imatsegula pamene mukufuna kusankha chinthucho "Kupita patsogolo ...".
- Kusintha kwazenera kumachitika "Kupitirira". Mu gulu "Malo" mtengo uyenera kudziwika "M'mizere", popeza tidzakwaniritsa mutu, tawonetsedwa ngati chingwe. Mu gulu Lembani " ayenera kufufuzidwa Miyezi. Mu chipika "Units" Muyenera kuyika makina pafupi ndi malo "Tsiku". Kumaloko "Khwerero" ziyenera kukhala chiwerengero cha chiwerengero "1". Kumaloko "Pezani mtengo" onetsani tsikulo 30.06.2017. Dinani "Chabwino".
- Mutu wa mutu udzadzazidwa ndi masiku otsatizana kuyambira pa June 1 mpaka June 30, 2017. Koma chifukwa cha mafilimu a pawebusaiti, tili ndi maselo ochuluka kwambiri, omwe amakhudza kwambiri kugwirizana kwa tebulo, ndipo, kotero, kuwoneka kwake. Choncho, timagwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera tebulo.
Sankhani kapu ya nthawi. Timasankha chidutswa chosankhidwa. Mndandanda umene timayima pamapeto "Sezani maselo". - Muwindo lokhazikitsa lomwe limatsegula, sungani ku gawoli "Kugwirizana". Kumaloko "Malingaliro" ikani mtengo "Madigiri 90"kapena kusuntha chithunzithunzi "Kulembetsa" mmwamba Timasankha pa batani "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pake, mayina a zipilala mu mawonekedwe a dates anasintha kayendedwe kawo kuchoka kumalo osasunthika kupita kutsogolo. Koma chifukwa chakuti maselo sanasinthe kukula kwake, mainawo sanathe kuwawerenga, chifukwa sagwiritsidwa ntchito mosakanikirana ndi zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa. Kusintha zinthu izi, timasankhiranso zomwe zili pamutu. Timakani pa chithunzi "Format"ili pambali "Maselo". Mndandanda umene timasiya pazochita "Mzere wamtundu wamtundu wosankhidwa".
- Mutatha kufotokozera, malembawo ali ndi kutalika kokwanira m'kati mwa maselo, koma maselo samakhala ochuluka kwambiri. Kachiwiri, sankhani makapu a nthawi yambiri ndipo dinani pa batani. "Format". Nthawiyi m'ndandanda, sankhani kusankha "Kusankhidwa kwasanamira m'kati mwake".
- Tsopano tebulo yayamba kukhala yaying'ono, ndipo grid zinthu zimakhala zozungulira.
Gawo 3: kudzaza deta
Kenaka muyenera kudzaza deta ya deta.
- Bwererani kumayambiriro kwa tebulo ndipo lembani ndimeyi. "Dzina la chochitikacho" maina a ntchito zomwe akukonzekera kuti pakhale polojekitiyi. Ndipo mu ndime yotsatira tidzalowa maina a anthu omwe ali ndi udindo omwe adzakhala ndi udindo wopititsa ntchito pazokambirana.
- Pambuyo pake muyenera kudzaza chigawocho. "P / p nambala". Ngati pali zochepa zochitika, ndiye izi zingatheke polemba manambala. Koma ngati mukukonzekera kuchita zambiri, ndiye kuti zingakhale zomveka kugwiritsira ntchito kukonzetsa. Kuti muchite izi, lembani ndime yoyamba yolemba nambala "1". Timatsogolera chithunzithunzi kupita kumunsi kumbali ya kumunsi kwa chinthucho, kuyembekezera nthawi yomwe idzatembenuzidwa kukhala mtanda. Nthawi imodzi timagwira fungulo Ctrl ndi kusiya batani lasefu, kukokera mtanda mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa tebulo.
- Chigawo chonsecho chidzadzazidwa ndi malingaliro.
- Kenako, pitani ku chigawochi "Tsiku Loyamba". Pano muyenera kufotokoza tsiku loyamba la chochitika chilichonse. Ife timachita izo. M'ndandanda "Kutha kwa masiku" timasonyeza chiwerengero cha masiku omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti athetse ntchitoyi.
- M'ndandanda "Mfundo" Mukhoza kulemba deta ngati mukufunikira, kutchula mbali za ntchito inayake. Kulowetsa chidziwitso mu gawo ili ndizosankha pa zochitika zonse.
- Kenaka sankhani maselo onse mu tebulo lathu, kupatula mutu ndi galasi ndi masiku. Timakani pa chithunzi "Format" pa tepi, yomwe tayankhulapo kale, dinani pa malo omwe ali m'ndandanda yomwe imatsegulidwa "Kusankhidwa kwasanamira m'kati mwake".
- Pambuyo pake, kutalika kwa zipilala za zinthu zosankhidwa zimachepetsedwa mpaka kukula kwa selo, momwe kutalika kwa deta kuli koyerekeza kwambiri ndi zigawo zina za chigawocho. Motero, kupulumutsa malo pa pepala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamutu wa tebulo maina akusamutsidwa malinga ndi mfundo za pepala zomwe sizili m'kati mwake. Izi zinakhala chifukwa chakuti takhala tikuchotsa kalembedwe mu mawonekedwe a maselo oyambirira. "Tsatirani ndi mawu".
Gawo lachinayi: Kujambula zochitika
Pachigawo chotsatira cha kugwira ntchito ndi intaneti, tiyenera kudzaza mtundu wa maselo a gridi omwe akugwirizana ndi nthawi ya chochitikacho. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kupyolera mu maonekedwe ovomerezeka.
- Timayika maselo onse opanda kanthu pa nthawi yake, yomwe amaimiridwa ngati galasi la zinthu zooneka ngati zala.
- Dinani pazithunzi "Mafomu Okhazikika". Ili pambali. "Masitala" Pambuyo pake mndandanda udzatsegulidwa. Iyenera kusankha kusankha "Pangani lamulo".
- Kuwonekera kwawindo kumene mukufuna kupanga malamulo kumachitika. Kumalo osankha mtundu wa chikhalidwe, onetsetsani bokosi lomwe limatanthawuza kugwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yomwe imatanthauzira zinthu zojambulidwa Kumunda "Miyambo yapamwamba" Tiyenera kukhazikitsa lamulo losankhidwa, loyimiridwa ngati lamulo. Kwa ife makamaka, ziwoneka ngati izi:
= Ndipo (G $ 1> = $ D2; G $ 1 <= ($ D2 + $ E2-1))Koma kuti mutembenuze mawonekedwe awa ndi ndondomeko yanu ya intaneti, zomwe zingakhale ndi zochitika zina, tikuyenera kufotokoza ndondomeko yolembedwa.
"Ndipo" ndi ntchito yopangidwa mkati mwa Excel yomwe imayang'ana ngati zikhulupiliro zonse zimalowa ngati zifukwa zake ziri zoona. Chidule chake ndi:
= Ndipo (kumvetsetsa_kumveka1; kumvetsetsa_kumveka2; ...)Zonsezi, mpaka 255 zolinga zamagwiritsidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zifukwa, koma tikusowa awiri okha.
Mtsutso woyamba unalembedwa ngati chiwonetsero. "G $ 1> = $ D2". Amayang'ana kuti mtengo mu nthawi yayitali kuposa kapena wofanana ndi mtengo wofanana wa tsiku loyamba lachitika. Choncho, choyamba chogwirizanitsa mawuwa chimatanthawuza selo yoyamba ya mzere pa nthawi yayitali, ndipo yachiwiri ku gawo loyambirira la ndimeyo kumayambiriro kwa tsikulo. Chizindikiro cha dollar ($) akukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji kuti zitsimikiziranso kuti mapangano a ndondomekoyi, omwe ali ndi chizindikiro ichi, samasintha, koma akhalebe mwamtheradi. Ndipo pa mlandu wanu muyenera kuika zidole za dollar m'malo oyenera.
Kukangana kwachiwiri kukuyimiridwa ndi mawu
"G $ 1˂ = ($ D2 + $ E2-1)". Amayang'ana kuti awone chizindikiro pa nthawi yake (G $ 1) inali yocheperapo kapena yofanana ndi tsiku lomaliza ntchito.$ D2 + $ E2-1). Chizindikiro pa nthawiyi chiwerengedwera monga momwe tanenera kale, ndipo tsiku lomalizira polojekiti limawerengedwa powonjezera tsiku loyamba la polojekiti ($ D2) ndi nthawi yake mu masiku ($ E2). Kuti muphatikize tsiku loyamba la polojekitiyi mu chiwerengero cha masiku, chigawo chimachotsedwa pa ndalamayi. Chizindikiro cha dola chimagwira ntchito yomweyi monga momwe tanenera kale.Ngati zifukwa zonse zokhudzana ndi ndondomekoyi zowona, ndiye kuti zolemba zovomerezeka mwa mawonekedwe a kudzaza ndi mtundu zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ku maselo.
Kusankha mtundu wodzazidwa, dinani pa batani. "Format ...".
- Muwindo latsopano timasunthira ku gawoli. "Lembani". Mu gulu "Maonekedwe Akumbuyo" Njira zosiyanasiyana zojambula zimaperekedwa. Timayika mtundu umene timafuna, kuti maselo a masiku omwe akugwirizana ndi nthawi ya ntchito yapadera ayesedwe. Mwachitsanzo, sankhani chobiriwira. Mthunzi ukawonetsedwa m'munda "Chitsanzo"kumamatira "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pobwerera kuulamuliro zowalenga zenera, timasindikizanso batani. "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pa sitepe yotsiriza, galasi yamagetsi ikugwirizanitsa ndi nthawi ya chochitikacho chinali chobiriwira.
Pachifukwachi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya makanema kungatengedwe kukhala kokwanira.
PHUNZIRO: Kujambula Momwemo mu Microsoft Excel
Pogwiritsa ntchito, tinapanga ndondomeko ya intaneti. Izi sizinthu zokhazokha patebulo lomwe lingathe kulengedwa mu Excel, koma mfundo zoyambirira za ntchitoyi sizikhala zosasintha. Choncho, ngati mukufuna, wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense akhoza kusintha tebulo yomwe ili ndi chitsanzo cha zosowa zawo.
