ART kapena Dalvik pa Android - ndi chiyani, chabwino ndi chiyani, momwe mungathere

02.25.2014 zipangizo zamakono

Google inayambitsa pulogalamu yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi imodzi monga gawo la ndondomeko ya Android 4.4 KitKat. Tsopano, kuwonjezera pa makina opangidwa ndi Dalvik, pa zamakono zamakono omwe ali ndi opanga mapulogalamu a Snapdragon, nkotheka kusankha chisokonezo cha ART. (Ngati mwabwera ku nkhaniyi kuti mudziwe momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ART pa Android, pezani mpaka kumapeto kwake, izi zimaperekedwa kumeneko).

Kodi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi chiyani ndipo makina enieni ali kuti? Mu Android, makina opangidwa ndi Dalvik (osasintha, panthawi ino) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito zomwe mumasula monga mafayi a APK (ndi zomwe sizilembedwenso), ndipo ntchito zothandizira zikugwera.

Mu makina onse a Dalvik, kulembetsa ntchito, njira ya Just-In-Time (JIT) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zikutanthawuza kusonkhanitsa nthawi yomweyo poyambitsa kapena mwazochita zina. Izi zingachititse nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera pamene akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito, "brakes", ntchito yowonjezera yambiri ya RAM.

Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe cha ART

ART (Android Runtime) ndi makina atsopano, koma ayesetsero omwe amapezeka mu Android 4.4 ndipo mungathe kuwongolera pazomwe amapanga (izo ziwonetsedwa pansipa momwe mungachitire).

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa ART ndi Dalvik ndi njira ya AOT (Yotsogolera Panthawi) pamene ikugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu, omwe nthawi zambiri amatanthawuza kusonkhanitsa mapulogalamuwa: kotero, kuyika koyambirira kwa ntchitoyo kumatenga nthawi yochuluka, iwo atenga malo ambiri mu chipangizo cha Android chosungirako Komabe, kuyambitsidwa kwawo kofulumira kudzakhala mofulumira (izo zakhala zikulembedweratu), ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kochepa kwa pulosesa ndi RAM chifukwa chofunikira kubwezeretsa, mwina, kumayambitsa kuchepetsa zakudya mphamvu.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chiri chabwino, ART kapena Dalvik?

Pa intaneti, pali kusiyana kwakukulu kosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zipangizo za Android zimagwirira ntchito m'madera awiri ndipo zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa mayesero ozama kwambiri ndi ofunika kwambiri amalembedwa pa androidpolice.com (Chingerezi):

• kugwira ntchito mu ART ndi Dalvik,
• moyo wa batri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mu ART ndi Dalvik

Kuphatikizira zotsatira, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti palibe zopindulitsa pakadali pano (ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti ntchito ya ART ikupitirizabe, chilengedwechi chili pokhapokha kuyesera), ART alibe: ponena za ntchito, koma osati m'mbali zonse), komanso muzinthu zina zamtengo wapatali zopanda ulemu kapena Dalvik patsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tikulankhula za moyo wa batri, mosiyana ndi zoyembekeza, Dalvik amasonyeza pafupifupi zotsatira zofanana ndi ART.

Kumapeto kwa mayesero ambiri - kusiyana kwakukulu pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi ART, kuti palibe Dalvik. Komabe, malo atsopano ndi njira zomwe zikugwiritsiridwa ntchito mmenemo zikuwoneka zowonjezereka, ndipo mwinamwake mu Android 4.5 kapena Android 5 kusiyana kumeneko kudzakhala kowonekera. (Ndiponso, Google ikhoza kupanga ART kukhala malo osasinthika).

Otsatira ena amalingalira kuti muzisamala ngati mutasintha chilengedwe ART m'malo mwake Dalvik - mapulogalamu ena sangagwire ntchito bwino (kapena ayi, mwachitsanzo Whatsapp ndi Titanium Kusunga), ndi kukonzanso kwathunthu Android ikhoza kutenga 10-20 mphindi: ndiko kuti, ngati mutatembenuka ART komanso pambuyo poyambanso foni kapena piritsi, ili yozizira, dikirani.

Momwe mungathandizire ART pa Android

Kuti muwathandize ART, muyenera kukhala ndi foni ya Android kapena piritsi ndi OS 4.4.x ndi pulosesa ya Snapdragon, mwachitsanzo, Nexus 5 kapena Nexus 7 2013.

Choyamba muyenera kuyika makina opangira pa Android. Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku makonzedwe a chipangizochi, pitani ku "Foni" (Za piritsi) ndikugwiritsani ntchito "Kumanga nambala" maulendo angapo kufikira mutapeza uthenga womwe mwakhala woyambitsa.

Pambuyo pake, chinthu cha "For Developers" chidzawonekera m'makonzedwe, ndipo pamenepo - "Sankhani Malo", kumene muyenera kukhazikitsa ART m'malo mwa Dalvik, ngati muli ndi chikhumbo choterocho.