BIOS (kuchokera ku Chingelezi. Basic Input / Output System) - njira yowunikira / yobwereketsa yomwe imayambitsa kuyambitsa makompyuta ndi kasinthidwe ka msinkhu wa zigawo zake. M'nkhani ino tidzalongosola mmene zimagwirira ntchito, zomwe zili, komanso ntchito yake.
Bios
BIOS ndi thupi lopangidwa mwakuthupi. Popanda chipangizochi, makompyuta sakudziwa zomwe angachite pambuyo pa mphamvu - kuchokera komwe angayendetse ntchito, momwe mwamsanga ozizira ayenera kuthamangira, kaya n'kotheka kutsegula chipangizochi pogwiritsa ntchito batani la makina kapena makina, ndi zina zotero.
Osati kusokonezeka "BIOS SetUp" (menyu ya buluu yomwe mungathe kufika powakaniza mabatani ena a piringu pamene kompyuta ikuwombera) kuchokera ku BIOS yokha. Yoyamba ndi imodzi chabe ya mapulogalamu angapo olembedwa pa chipangizo chachikulu cha BIOS.
Zizindikiro za BIOS
Njira yowonjezera / yopangidwira imalembedwa kwa zipangizo zosakondera zokhazikika. Pa bokosilolo, likuwoneka ngati microcircuit, pafupi ndi batiri.
Chifukwa cha chisankho ichi ndikuti BIOS iyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse, mosasamala kanthu kuti magetsi amaperekedwa kwa PC kapena ayi. Chip chiyenera kutetezedwa moyenera kuchokera ku zinthu zakunja, chifukwa ngati kusokonezeka kumachitika, sipadzakhalanso malangizo mumakumbupi a makompyuta omwe angalole kuti azisunga OS kapena agwiritse ntchito pakali pano ku bokosi la ma boboti.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya chips yomwe BIOS ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa:
- ERPROM (ROM yosasinthika yowonongeka) - zomwe zili m'mapiko oterewa zingathetsedwe chifukwa chodziwika ndi magwero a ultraviolet. Ichi ndi mtundu wosasinthika wa chipangizo chimene sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Eeprom (ROM yowonongeka yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi) - buku lamakono, deta yomwe ingathe kuwonongedwa ndi chizindikiro cha magetsi, chomwe chimakulolani kuti musachotse chipangizocho kuchoka pamat. malipiro. Pa zipangizo zoterezi, mukhoza kusintha BIOS, yomwe imakulolani kuti muwonjezere machitidwe a PC, yonjezerani mndandanda wa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bokosi la ma bokosilo, konzani zolakwa ndi zophophonya zopangidwa ndi wopanga.
Werengani zambiri: Kusintha BIOS pa kompyuta
Ntchito BIOS
Ntchito yaikulu ndi cholinga cha BIOS ndi kasamalidwe kakang'ono, kamangidwe ka zipangizo zamakono zomwe zili mu kompyuta. Pulojekitiyi "BIOS SetUp" imayankha izi. Ndi chithandizo chake mungathe:
- Ikani nthawi yamagetsi;
- Ikani kukhazikitsa patsogolo, ndiko kuti, tchulani chipangizo chomwe mafayilo ayenera kutsogoleredwa mu RAM, ndipo ndi chiani kuchokera kwa ena;
- Thandizani kapena kulepheretsa ntchito ya zigawo zikuluzikulu, ikani magetsi kwa iwo ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito ya BIOS
Pamene kompyuta ikuyamba, pafupifupi zigawo zonse zomwe zimayikidwa mmenemo zimapanga chipangizo cha BIOS kuti mudziwe zambiri. Mphamvu yotereyi imatchedwa POST (kudziyesa yekha). Ngati zigawozo, popanda zomwe PC sungathe kuzimanga (RAM, ROM, I / O zipangizo, etc.), kudutsa mayeso ogwira ntchito, BIOS imayamba kufufuza zolemba za boot (MBR). Ngati apeza, ndiye kuti oyang'anira hardware amasamutsidwa ku OS ndipo amaletsedwa. Tsopano, malingana ndi kachitidwe kachitidwe, BIOS imapereka mphamvu zowonjezera ku zigawo zake (zomwe zimakhala za Windows ndi Linux) kapena zimangopereka mwayi wochepa (MS-DOS). Pambuyo pa OS, katundu wa BIOS ukhoza kuonedwa ngati wathunthu. Ndondomeko imeneyi idzachitika nthawi iliyonse mphamvu yatsopano komanso pokhapokha.
Kuyanjana kwa ogwiritsa ntchito BIOS
Kuti mufike ku menyu ya BIOS ndikusintha magawo ena, muyenera kuyika batani limodzi pokhapokha pakhazikitsa PC. Mfungulo uwu ukhoza kumasiyana malingana ndi wopanga makina. Kawirikawiri izo "F1", "F2", "ESC" kapena "DELETE".
Mndandanda wa O / O onse opangira ma boboliboli amayang'ana mofanana. Mukhoza kukhala otsimikiza kuti ntchito yayikulu (yomwe ili mu gawo lotchedwa "Ntchito za BIOS" za nkhaniyi) sizasiyana ndi izo.
Onaninso: Momwe mungalowe mu BIOS pa kompyuta
Malingana ngati kusintha sikusungidwe, sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa PC. Choncho, nkofunika kukhazikitsa zonse mwaukhondo ndi molondola, chifukwa cholakwika mu zochitika za BIOS zingathe kutsogolera kuti makompyuta amasiya kubwezeretsa, ndipo monga kotheka, zigawo zina za hardware zingalephereke. Izi zingakhale pulosesa, ngati simusintha mofulumira kayendedwe ka madzi ozizira omwe amaziziritsa, kapena mphamvu, ngati simugwiritsanso ntchito magetsi pamabotolo - zambiri zomwe mungasankhe ndipo ambiri mwa iwo angakhale ovuta kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito chipangizo chonsecho. Mwamwayi, pali POST, yomwe ingasonyeze ma code olakwika pa monitor, ndipo ngati alipo okamba, angapereke zizindikiro zomveka, zomwe zimasonyezanso zolakwika.
Zambiri zosokoneza mavuto zingathandize kukhazikitsanso zosintha za BIOS, phunzirani zambiri pa nkhaniyi pa webusaiti yathu, yomwe ili pamunsiyi.
Werengani zambiri: Kukonzanso zosintha za BIOS
Kutsiliza
M'nkhaniyi, lingaliro la BIOS, ntchito zake zazikulu, ndondomeko ya ntchito, zipsedwe zomwe zingathe kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo zina zidawoneka. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inali yosangalatsa kwa inu ndipo inatilola kuti tiphunzire chinachake chatsopano kapena kuti tizitsitsimutsa zidziwitso zomwe zilipo kale.
