Excel imatchuka kwambiri pakati pa owerengetsa ndalama, azachuma ndi ndalama, osati chifukwa cha zida zake zowonjezera ndalama. Makamaka ntchito zapaderazi zimaperekedwa ku gulu la ndalama. Ambiri mwa iwo angakhale othandiza osati kwa akatswiri okha, komanso kwa ogwira ntchito m'mayiko ena, komanso ogwiritsa ntchito pazofunikira zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino mbali izi zazomwe tikugwiritsira ntchito, komanso tcheru makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito otchuka a gulu lino.
Kuwerengera pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama
Gulu la ogwira ntchitowa limaphatikizapo mayina oposa 50. Ife timakhala paokha pa khumi omwe amafunidwa kwambiri mwa iwo. Koma choyamba, tiyeni tiwone momwe tingatsegule mndandanda wa zida za ndalama kuti tipitirize kukhazikitsa ntchito yapadera.
Kusintha kupita ku zida izi ndi kophweka kwambiri kupyolera mwa Master of Functions.
- Sankhani selo komwe zotsatira zake ziwonetsedwe, ndipo dinani pa batani "Ikani ntchito"ili pafupi ndi bar.
- Yoyambitsa wizara ya ntchito. Dinani pamtunda "Magulu".
- Mndandanda wa magulu omwe akupezeka amatsegula. Sankhani dzina kuchokera "Ndalama".
- Mndandanda wa zida zomwe tikufunikira zimayambika. Sankhani ntchito inayake kuti muchite ntchitoyi ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino". Kenako mawindo a osankhidwawo amatsegula.
Mu ntchito ya wizara, mungathe kudutsamo "Maonekedwe". Popeza mutasintha, muyenera kudinkhani pa batani pa tepiyi "Ikani ntchito"anaikidwa mu chida cha zipangizo "Laibulale ya Ntchito". Posakhalitsa, ntchito ya wizara idzayamba.
Palinso njira yopita kwa woyendetsa bwino ndalama popanda kutsegula mawindo oyambirira a wizara. Zolinga izi mu tabu imodzi "Maonekedwe" mu gulu la zosankha "Laibulale ya Ntchito" pa tepicho dinani batani "Ndalama". Pambuyo pake, mndandanda wazitsulo wa zida zonse zomwe zilipo pa tsambali zidzatsegulidwa. Sankhani chinthu chomwe mukufuna ndipo dinani. Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, mawindo ake adzatsegulidwa.
Phunziro: Wowonjezera Wogwira Ntchito
ZOKHUDZA
Mmodzi mwa ogwira ntchito kwambiri omwe akufunafuna ndalama ndi ntchito ZOKHUDZA. Izi zimakulolani kuti muwerenge zokolola zamtunduwu pa tsiku la mgwirizano, tsiku loyamba kugwira ntchito (chiwombolo), mtengo pa 100 rubles kuwombola mtengo, chiwongoladzanja chaka chilichonse, chiwerengero cha chiwombolo pa 100 rubles kuwombola mtengo ndi chiwerengero cha malipiro (mafupipafupi). Zigawozi ndizo zotsutsana za njirayi. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali ndondomeko yodzifunira "Maziko". Deta yonseyi ingalowe mwachindunji kuchokera ku kibokosilo kupita kumalo oyenera pawindo kapena kusungidwa m'ma sebulo la Excel. Pachifukwa chomaliza, mmalo mwa nambala ndi masiku, muyenera kulembera ma selo awa. Mukhozanso kulowera ntchito mu barolo kapena pamzere pa pepala popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zenera. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumatsatira chiganizo chotsatirachi:
= NKHANI (Dat_sog; Dat_avt_v_silu; Rate, Price, Redemption "Frequency; [Basis])
BS
Ntchito yaikulu ya ntchito ya BS ndiyo kudziwa momwe ndalama zidzakhalira m'tsogolo. Mtsutso wake ndi chiwongoladzanja cha nthawi ("Bet"), chiwerengero cha nthawi (Col_per) ndi kulipira nthawi zonse nthawi iliyonse ("Plt"). Zosankha zokhazokha zimaphatikizapo mtengo wamakono ("Ps") ndikuyika nthawi yobwezera kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi (Lembani "). Mawuwa ali ndi mawu omasulira awa:
= BS (Rate; Col_per; Plt; [Ps]; [Mtundu])
VSD
Woyendetsa VSD amawerengera mlingo wamkati wa kubwerera kwa ndalama. Ganizo lokhalo lofunika la ntchitoyi ndizoyendetsera ndalama, zomwe pa pepala la Excel likhoza kuyimilidwa ndi deta yambiri m'maselo ("Makhalidwe"). Ndipo mu selo yoyamba ya zowerengera ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi "-", ndi ndalama zotsalira. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali ndondomeko yodzifunira "Kutengera". Zimasonyeza kubwereranso kuchuluka kwa kubwerera. Ngati sizinafotokozedwe, ndiye kuti phindu limeneli limatengedwa ngati 10%. Syntax yowonjezera ili motere:
= IRR (Makhalidwe; [Assumptions])
MVSD
Woyendetsa MVSD chiwerengero cha kusintha kwa mkati mwasinthidwe, kupatsidwa chiwerengero cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa ndalama. Mu ntchitoyi, kuphatikiza pa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zotuluka ("Makhalidwe") Zokambirana ndi mlingo wa ndalama komanso mlingo wa reinvestment. Momwemonso, mawuwa ndi awa:
= MVSD (Miyezo; Rate_financer; Rate_investir)
PRPLT
Woyendetsa PRPLT amawerengetsera kuchuluka kwa malipiro a chiwongoladzanja kwa nthawi yeniyeni. Zokambirana za ntchitoyi ndi chiwerengero cha chiwongoladzanja cha nthawi ("Bet"); nambala ya nambala ("Nyengo"), mtengo umene sungapitirire kuchuluka kwa nthawi; nambala ya nthawi (Col_per); mtengo wamakono ("Ps"). Kuwonjezera apo, pali ndondomeko yodzifunira - mtengo wamtsogolo ("Bs"). Lamuloli lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati malipiro amatha nthawi zonse. Mawu ake omasulira ndi awa:
= PRPLT (Malipiro; Period; Call_per; Ps; [Bs])
PMT
Woyendetsa PMT amawerengera kuchuluka kwa malipiro a periodic ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero. Mosiyana ndi ntchito yapitayi, iyi ilibe mtsutso. "Nyengo". Koma kukangana kosankha kumaphatikizidwa. Lembani "zomwe zimasonyezedwa kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yomwe malipiro ayenera kuchitidwa. Zigawo zotsalirazo zimagwirizana ndi ndondomeko yapitayi. Mawu omasulira ndi awa:
= MTT (Lingani; Col_per; Ps; [Bs]; [Mtundu]
PS
Mchitidwe PS amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mtengo wamakono wa ndalama. Ntchitoyi ikutsutsana ndi wogwira ntchitoyo. PMT. Ali ndi zifukwa zomwezo, koma mmalo mwa mkangano wapatali wamakono ("PS"), zomwe kwenikweni zikuwerengedwa, kuchuluka kwa malipiro a periodic ("Plt"). Mawu omasulira ndi awa:
= PS (Rate; Number_per; Plt; [Bs ;; [Mtundu])
NPV
Mawu awa akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengetsera zamtunduwu kapena zamtengo wapatali. Ntchitoyi ili ndi zifukwa ziwiri: mtengo wotsika mtengo ndi mtengo wa malipiro kapena mapepala. Zoona, yachiwiri mwa iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu 254 yosonyeza ndalama. Mphatikiti wa ndondomeko iyi ndi:
= NPV (Malipiro; Mtengo1; Value2; ...)
BET
Ntchito BET chiwerengero cha chiwongoladzanja pa annuity. Mikangano ya woyendetsa izi ndi chiwerengero cha nthawi (Col_per), kuchuluka kwa malipiro nthawi zonse ("Plt") ndi kuchuluka kwa malipiro ("Ps"). Kuonjezerapo, pali zowonjezera zotsutsana: kufunika kwa m'tsogolo ("Bs") ndipo chisonyezero kumayambiriro kapena kutha kwa nthawi yamalipiro chidzapangidwa (Lembani "). Chidule chake ndi:
= BET (Col_per; Plt; Ps [Bs]; [Mtundu])
ZOKHUDZA
Woyendetsa ZOKHUDZA chiwerengero cha chiwongoladzanja chenicheni (kapena chogwira ntchito). Ntchitoyi ili ndi zifukwa ziwiri zokha: chiwerengero cha nthawi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chidwi, komanso chiwerengero cha dzina. Chizindikiro chake ndi:
= EFFECT (NOM; RON)
Tangoganizira zokhazokha zokhudzana ndichuma. Kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito kuchokera ku gululi kangapo zazikulu. Koma ngakhale mu zitsanzo izi, munthu amatha kuona bwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo izi mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti owerenga azigwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.
