Ubuntu Server Installation Guide

Kuyika Ubuntu Server sikunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa mawonekedwe a desktop, koma ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri akuopabe kukhazikitsa seva ya OS pa disk hard. Izi ndizovomerezeka, koma kuyimitsa sikungayambitse mavuto ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito malangizo athu.

Sakani Ubuntu Server

Ubuntu Server ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa makompyuta ambiri, popeza OS imathandizira mapuloteni ambiri otchuka:

• AMD64;
• Intel x86;
• ARM.

Ngakhale seva ya OS imakhala yochepa mphamvu ya PC, zofunikira za dongosolo sizingatheke:

• RAM - 128 MB;
• Mafupipafupi afupipafupi - 300 MHz;
• Mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ili ndi 500 MB yokhala ndi maziko oyamba kapena 1 GB imodzi yokwanira.

Ngati makhalidwe a chipangizo chanu akukwaniritsa zofunikira, mungathe kupitako mwachindunji kuti muike Ubuntu Server.

Khwerero 1: Koperani Ubuntu Server

Choyamba, muyenera kutsegula fano la seva la Ubuntu palokha kuti liwotche kumoto. Koperani ayenera kukhala pa webusaiti yathu yovomerezeka, chifukwa mwa njira imeneyi mudzalandira msonkhano wosasunthika, popanda zolakwa zofunikira komanso ndi zosintha zatsopano.

Koperani Ubuntu Server kuchokera pa tsamba lovomerezeka

Pamalo mungathe kumasula mavoti awiri a OS (16.04 ndi 14.04) ndi zozama zosiyana (64-bit ndi 32-bit) pogwiritsa ntchito chiyanjano chofanana.

Khwerero 2: Kupanga galimoto yotsegula ya bootable

Mutatha kukopera imodzi mwa ma Ubuntu Server pa kompyuta yanu, muyenera kupanga galimoto yotsegula ya USB. Izi zimatenga nthawi yosachepera. Ngati simunalembepo fano la ISO pa galasi la USB, ndiye pa webusaiti yathuyi muli nkhani yowunikira, yomwe ili ndi malangizo ofotokoza.

Werengani zambiri: Momwe mungapangire galimoto yotentha ya USB ndi Linux yogawa

Khwerero 3: Kuyambira PC kuchokera pa galimoto

Mukamayambitsa njira iliyonse yothandizira, nkofunikira kuyambitsa kompyuta kuchokera pagalimoto yomwe fomuyo imalembedwa. Gawo ili nthawi zina limakhala lovuta kwambiri kwa wosadziwa zambiri, chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa ma BIOS osiyanasiyana. Tili ndi zofunikira zonse pa webusaiti yathu, ndikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane njira yakuyambira kompyuta kuchokera pa galimoto.

Zambiri:
Momwe mungasinthire machitidwe osiyanasiyana a BIOS polemba kuchokera pa galimoto yopanga
Momwe mungapezere buku la BIOS

Khwerero 4: Konzani zam'tsogolo

Mwamsanga mutangoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta kuchokera pa galimoto, mudzawona mndandanda yomwe muyenera kusankha chinenero choyikira:

Mu chitsanzo chathu, chinenero cha Chirasha chidzasankhidwa, koma inu mukhoza kufotokozera wina nokha.

Zindikirani: pamene mutsegula OS, zochita zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera pa khibhodiyo, choncho, kuti mugwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a zinthu, gwiritsani ntchito mafungulo awa: mivi, TAB ndi Enter.

Mukasankha chinenero, mndandanda wazitsulo udzaonekera pamaso panu, momwe muyenera kudinenera "Sakani Ubuntu Server".

Kuyambira pano mpaka pano, kuyambitsananso kachitidwe ka mtsogolo kudzayambira, pomwe muyesa kudziwa zoyambirazo ndikuyika deta yonse yofunikira.

1. Muwindo loyamba mudzafunsidwa kuti muwone dziko lomwe mukukhalamo. Izi zidzalola kuti dongosololo likhazikike nthawi yeniyeni pamakompyuta, komanso malo omwe akuyenera kukhala. Ngati dziko lanu silili mndandanda, dinani pa batani. "zina" - mudzawona mndandanda wa mayiko padziko lapansi.



2. Khwerero lotsatira ndi kusankha kwa makanema. Ndibwino kuti mudziwe momwe mungakhalire mwa kuwonekera "Ayi" ndi kusankha kuchokera mndandanda.



3. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kudziwa mgwirizano waukulu, mutasindikiza zomwe zingasinthe makanemawo. Mu chitsanzo, kuphatikiza kudzasankhidwa. "Alt + Shift", mukhoza kusankha wina.



4. Pambuyo pa kusankhidwa, nyimbo zotalika zotsatila zidzatsatila, pomwe nthawi zina zigawo zina zidzasungidwa ndi kuikidwa:

   

   Zida zamagetsi zidzatanthauzidwa:

   

   ndipo mwalumikizidwa ku intaneti:



5. Muzenera zosintha za akaunti, lowetsani dzina la wosuta watsopano. Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito seva pakhomo, mungathe kulemba dzina lopanda dzina, ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa bungwe, funsani ndi wotsogolera.



6. Tsopano mufunika kulemba dzina la akaunti ndikuyika mawu achinsinsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzinali, gwiritsani ntchito vutoli, ndipo liwu lachinsinsi limagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zapadera.



7. Muzenera yotsatira, dinani "Inde"ngati seva ikukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamalonda, ngati palibe zodandaula za kukhulupirika kwa deta yonse, ndiye dinani "Ayi".



8. Gawo lomalizira pazomwe akukonzekera ndikutanthauzira nthawi yochuluka (kachiwiri). Zowonjezereka, dongosololi lidzayesera kuti lidziwe nthawi yanu, koma nthawi zambiri zimamuvutitsa, choncho muwindo loyamba dinani "Ayi", ndipo chachiwiri, dziwani nokha.

Pambuyo pa masitepe onse, dongosololi lidzayang'ana kompyuta yanu pa hardware ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, imitsani zofunikira zofunikazo, ndiyeno mutenge zofunikira zowonjezera disk.

Gawo lachisanu: Disk Partitioning

Panthawi imeneyi, mukhoza kupita njira ziwiri: kupanga magawo ophatikizana a disks kapena kuchita zonse mwadongosolo. Kotero, ngati mukuyika Ubuntu Server pa diski yopanda kanthu kapena simusamala za zomwe zilipo, mungathe kusankha bwino "Gwiritsani ntchito mogwiritsa ntchito disk zonse". Ngati pali zofunika pa diski kapena njira ina yowonjezera, mwachitsanzo, Windows, ndi bwino kusankha "Buku".

Chokhazikika disk partitioning

Kuti mutengere mbali ya disk, muyenera:

1. Sankhani njira yopangira "Gwiritsani ntchito mogwiritsa ntchito disk zonse".



2. Sankhani diski yomwe ipangidwe ntchitoyo.

   

   Pankhaniyi pali disk imodzi yokha.

3. Yembekezani mpaka ndondomekoyo itatha ndipo mutsimikizire zosinthika za disk posindikiza "Malizitsani kulemba ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk".

Chonde dziwani kuti kujambula kokhazikika kumapanga magawo awiri okha: muzu ndi kusinthanitsa magawano. Ngati makonzedwe awa sakugwirizana ndi inu, ndiye dinani "Sintha Zosintha Zachigawo" ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yotsatirayi.

Tsambalo la disk la Buku

Pogwiritsa ntchito disk malo pamanja, mukhoza kupanga zigawo zambiri zomwe zingagwire ntchito zina. Nkhaniyi idzapereka ubwino wa Ubuntu Server, zomwe zikutanthawuza chiwerengero cha chitetezo chadongosolo.

Muwindo la zosankha, muyenera kudinanso "Buku". Kenaka, mawindo adzawonekera polemba mndandanda wa disks omwe adaikidwa mu kompyuta ndi magawo awo. Mu chitsanzo ichi, diski ndi wosakwatiwa ndipo palibe magawo mkati mwake, popeza ilibe kanthu. Choncho, sankhani ndipo dinani Lowani.

Pambuyo pake, funso ngati mukufuna kupanga tebulo latsopano la magawo laperekedwa "Inde".

Dziwani: ngati mutagawira diski ndi magawo omwe kale, ndiye kuti zenera sizidzakhala.

Tsopano pansi pa dzina la mndandanda wa disk hard appeared "PLACE YA UFULU". Ndili ndi iye amene tidzatha kugwira ntchito. Choyamba muyenera kupanga cholemba cha mizu:

1. Dinani Lowani pa mfundo "PLACE YA UFULU".



2. Sankhani "Pangani gawo latsopano".



3. Tchulani kuchuluka kwa malo omwe munapatsidwa kuti mudziwe. Kumbukirani kuti zochepa zovomerezeka - 500 MB. Mutatha kulowa makina "Pitirizani".



4. Tsopano muyenera kusankha mtundu wa gawo latsopano. Zonse zimadalira momwe mukukonzekera kuti muzipange. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chiwerengero chazitali chiwerengero ndi zinayi, koma lamuloli likhoza kusokonezedwa popanga magawo omveka, osati oyambirira. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa Ubuntu Server yekha pa diski yanu, sankhani "Mkulu" (Magawo 4 adzakhala okwanira), ngati njira ina yothandizira imayikidwa pafupi - "Zolingalira".



5. Posankha malo, zitsogoleredwa ndi zokonda zanu, makamaka zisakhudze chirichonse.



6. Pachigawo chomaliza cha chilengedwe, muyenera kufotokozera magawo ofunikira kwambiri: mawonekedwe a fayilo, mapu otchinga, mapiri omwe mungasankhe, ndi zina. Pogwiritsa ntchito magawo a mizu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito maimidwe omwe asonyezedwa mu chithunzi chili pansipa.



7. Pambuyo polemba zinthu zonse dinani "Kuyika gawoli kwatha".

Tsopano disk malo anu ayenera kuoneka ngati awa:

Koma izi si zokwanira, kotero kuti dongosolo limagwira ntchito, mukufunikanso kupanga magawo osintha. Izi zatheka mwachidule:

1. Yambani kupanga gawo latsopano pochita zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira mndandanda wammbuyo.
2. Tsimikizani kuchuluka kwa allocated disk malo ofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa RAM yanu, ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".



3. Sankhani mtundu wa gawo latsopano.
4. Tchulani malo ake.
5. Kenako, dinani pa chinthucho "Gwiritsani ntchito monga"…

   

   ... ndi kusankha "sintha magawo".



6. Dinani "Kuyika gawoli kwatha".

Mawonedwe aakulu a dongosolo la disk adzawoneka ngati awa:

Zimangokhala zokhala malo onse omasuka pansi pa gawo la nyumba:

1. Tsatirani ndondomeko yoyamba iwiri kuti mupange gawo la mizu.
2. Muzenera kuti mudziwe kukula kwa gawolo, tchulani zomwe zingatheke ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".
   

   Dziwani: otsala disk malo angapezeke mzere woyamba wawindo lomwelo.



3. Dziwani mtundu wa magawano.
4. Ikani magawo onse otsala malingana ndi chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa.



5. Dinani "Kuyika gawoli kwatha".

Tsopano mawonekedwe onse a disk amawoneka monga awa:

Monga mukuonera, palibe danga laulere lamanzere, koma simungagwiritse ntchito malo onsewa kuti muyike njira ina yowonjezera pafupi ndi Ubuntu Server.

Ngati zochita zonse zomwe munachita zinali zolondola ndipo mutakhutira ndi zotsatira, ndiye yesani "Malizitsani kulemba ndikulemba kusintha kwa disk".

Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, lipoti lidzaperekedwa kuti lilembedwe kusintha komwe kudzalembedwe ku disk. Kachiwiri, ngati chirichonse chikukutsani inu, pezani "Inde".

Panthawi imeneyi, dongosolo la disk likhoza kuonedwa ngati lathunthu.

Gawo 6: Malizitsani kukonza

Pambuyo pogawa gawo la disk, muyenera kupanga masakonzedwe ena ochepa kuti mukonze dongosolo lonse la machitidwe a Ubuntu Server.

1. Muzenera "Kukhazikitsa bwana wa phukusi" tchulani seva wothandizila ndikudina "Pitirizani". Ngati mulibe seva, ndiye dinani "Pitirizani", ndikusiya munda osawoneka.



2. Yembekezani osatsegula OS kuti asunge ndi kuika mapepala oyenera kuchokera pa intaneti.



3. Sankhani njira ya kusintha kwa Ubuntu Server.

   

   Zindikirani: kuti muwonjezere chitetezo cha dongosolo, ndiyenera kudziwongolera zowonjezera zosinthidwa, ndikuchita ntchitoyi pamanja.

4. Kuchokera pandandanda, sankhani mapulogalamu omwe angayambe kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo dinani "Pitirizani".

   

   Kuchokera pa mndandanda wonse ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzindikire "standard system utilities" ndi "Seva ya OpenSSH", koma mulimonsemo akhoza kukhazikitsa pambuyo pa kukonza kwa OS.

5. Yembekezani njira yozilitsira ndi kukhazikitsa pulogalamu yamasankhidwa kale.



6. Ikani bootloader Grub. Dziwani kuti pamene muika Ubuntu Server pa diski yopanda kanthu, mudzakakamizika kuti muyike mubukhu la boot. Pankhaniyi, sankhani "Inde".

   

   Ngati kachiwiri kachitidwe kali pa disk hard, ndipo zenera likuwonekera, sankhani "Ayi" ndipo onetsetsani mbiri ya boot nokha.

7. Pa siteji yotsiriza pawindo "Kumaliza kukonza", muyenera kuchotsa galasi yoyendetsera galimotoyo ndikuikamo makinawo ndikukankhira pakani "Pitirizani".

Kutsiliza

Potsatira malangizo, makompyuta ayambiranso ndipo masewera akuluakulu a Ubuntu Server akuwonekera pazenera, momwe mungayenerere kulowa ndi kutsegula chinsinsi pa nthawi yowonjezera. Chonde dziwani kuti mawu achinsinsi sakuwonetsedwa polowa.