Zowonjezera mapulagini a Adobe Photoshop CS6

Wowonjezerapo (discrete) adapala mavidiyo akufunika panthawi yomwe pulosesa ilibe zithunzi zojambulidwa chip ndi / kapena kompyuta ikufunikira kugwira ntchito bwino pamaseŵera olemera, ojambula zithunzi ndi mapulogalamu owonetsera kanema.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti khadi la kanema liyenera kukhala lovomerezeka ndi makhadi omwe ali pakali pano ndi purosesa. Komanso, ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta pamagetsi akuluakulu, onetsetsani kuti mungathe kukhazikitsa njira yowonongeka yowonjezera makhadi pa kanema.

Ponena za opanga

Ndi opanga ochepa chabe omwe amapanga makadi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makasitomala. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kupanga makhadi ojambula amawoneka pazithunzithunzi za NVIDIA, AMD kapena Intel. Makampani atatuwa akupanga kupanga ndi kukonza makadi a kanema, tikuwona kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu.

• Nvidia - kampani yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ikugwira ntchito yomasula zithunzi zogwiritsa ntchito mafilimu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Zogulitsa zake poyamba zimangoganizira za osewera ndi awo omwe amagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi mavidiyo ndi / kapena zithunzi. Ngakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa malondawo, ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito (ngakhale osakakamiza kwambiri) amakonda kampaniyi. Mapulogalamu ake ndi odalirika, otsika kwambiri komanso abwino;
• AMD - Wopambana mpikisano wa NVIDIA, akupanga makadi a kanema pa teknoloji yake. Pogwiritsa ntchito purosesa ya AMD, kumene kuli kujambula kophatikiza zithunzi, "zofiira" zimapereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Ma adapita AMD ali mofulumira kwambiri, amafulumizitsa bwino, koma amakhala ndi vuto ndi kutenthedwa ndi kuyendetsa ndi mpikisano wothamanga wa Blue, koma nthawi yomweyo sali okwera mtengo;



• Intel - Choyamba, zimapanga mapulogalamu ojambula ndi kujambula zithunzi zojambulidwa molingana ndi makina awo, komanso kupanga makina ojambula zithunzi. Makhadi a kanema a Intel sali osiyana ndi machitidwe apamwamba, koma amatenga ndi khalidwe lawo ndi kudalirika, motero amayenera kukhala "makina ofesi". Mtengo wawo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri;



• MSI - amapanga makadi avidiyo malinga ndi chilolezo cha NVIDIA. Choyamba, pali machitidwe kwa eni ake makina othamanga ndi zipangizo zamaluso. Zogulitsa za kampaniyi ndi zamtengo wapatali, koma nthawi yomweyo zimapindulitsa, zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo sizimayambitsa mavuto;



• Gigabyte - Wopanga winanso wa zipangizo zamagetsi, zomwe zimatenga pang'onopang'ono njira yopanga masewera. Zimapanga makadi a kanema a NVIDIA, koma pakhala kuyesayesa kupanga makhadi oyimira AMD. Ntchito ya zithunzi zosinthika kuchokera kwa opangazi sizimayambitsa madandaulo aakulu, kuphatikizapo ali ndi mtengo wapatali kuposa MSI ndi NVIDIA;



• ASUS - wopanga wotchuka kwambiri wa zipangizo zamakono pamsika wa makompyuta ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu kwa iwo. Posachedwapa, ndinayamba kupanga makadi a kanema malinga ndi mfundo za NVIDIA ndi AMD. Nthaŵi zambiri, kampaniyo imapanga makhadi ojambula pamaseŵera a masewera ndi odziwa ntchito, koma palinso zitsanzo zodula zogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira mafilimu.

Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti makadi a kanemawa adagawidwa mndandanda wambiri:

• Nvidia geforce. Mzerewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga onse omwe amapanga makhadi molingana ndi muyezo wa NVIDIA;
• AMD Radeon. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi AMD palokha ndi opanga omwe amapanga mankhwala molingana ndi AMD mfundo;
• Zithunzi za Intel HD. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Intel yekha.

Ogwirizira khadi la Video

Ma bokosi onse amasiku ano ali ndi pulogalamu yapadera ya PCI, yomwe mungathe kugwirizanitsa khadi lojambula zithunzi ndi zigawo zina. Panthawiyi igawikidwa m'mawindo awiri: PCI ndi PCI-Express.

Njira yoyamba ikutha msinkhu ndipo ilibe njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito, kugula adapatikiti yamphamvu pansi pake sikumveka, chifukwa omalizawo amagwira ntchito theka la mphamvu zake. Koma amalimbana bwino ndi makadi opanga bajeti "makina a ofesi" ndi malo owonetsera zamagetsi. Ndiponso, onetsetsani kuti muwone ngati khadi ya kanema imathandizira mtundu woterewu. Zolinga zamakono zamakono (ngakhale gawo la bajeti) sizingagwirizane ndi chojambulira ichi.

Njira yachiwiri imapezeka m'mabotchi amasiku ano ndipo imathandizidwa ndi makadi onse a kanema, kupatulapo zitsanzo zakale kwambiri. Ndi bwino kugula adapata yamphamvu (kapena adapters angapo), kuyambira Basi yake imapereka maulendo opambana komanso oyendetsa bwino ndi pulosesa, RAM ndi kugwira ntchito ndi makadi angapo a kanema pamodzi. Komabe, mabotolo a makina a chojambulira ichi akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Kugwiritsira ntchito PCI kungagawidwe m'zinenero zingapo - 2.0, 2.1 ndi 3.0. Mapamwamba a mawotchiwa, bwino mabasiwidth basi ndi ntchito ya khadi lavideo mogwirizana ndi zigawo zina za PC. Mosasamala kanthu kwa mawonekedwe a chojambulira mmenemo popanda mavuto, mukhoza kukhazikitsa adapotala iliyonse ngati ikugwirizana ndi chojambulira ichi.

Komanso pa mabotolo akale omwe mungapeze mmalo mwachikhalidwe cha masiku ano PCI-connectors, chisa cha mtundu wa AGP. Ichi ndi chojambulira chosatha ndipo palibe zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimatulutsidwa kale, choncho ngati muli ndi bolodi lakale kwambiri, ndiye kuti khadi latsopano la kanema lokhala ndi chojambulira lidzakhala lovuta kwambiri kupeza.

Za makapu a kanema

Chipangizo cha kanema ndi purosesa yazing'ono yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka khadi la kanema. Mphamvu ya adapter ya mafilimu ndipo, mbali yake, zogwirizana ndi zigawo zina za kompyuta (makamaka ndi CPU ndi chipangizo chaboardboard) zimadalira. Mwachitsanzo, makadi a vidiyo a AMD ndi Intel ali ndi makapu a kanema omwe amapereka zogwirizana kwambiri ndi pulojekiti ya wopanga, mwinamwake mumataya kwambiri ntchito ndi ntchito yabwino.

Machitidwe a makaseti a kanema, mosiyana ndi purosesa yapakati, amawerengedwa osati mumagetsi ndi maulendo, koma powomba (computational) mabwalo. Ndipotu, izi ndizofanana ndi makina osungira pakati, pokhapokha pa makadi a kanema chiwerengero cha anthu otero chingathe kufika zikwi zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, makadi a makadi a bajeti ali ndi zigawo pafupifupi 400-600, pafupifupi 600-1000, okwera 1000-2800.

Samalani makina opanga chipangizochi. Zimasonyezedwa mu nanometers (nm) ndipo ziyenera kusiyana pakati pa 14 ndi 65 nm m'makhadi amakanema amakono. Kugwiritsira ntchito kachipangizo kake ndi mautumiki ake otentha kumadalira kwambiri momwe mtengo umenewu uliri wamng'ono. Ndi bwino kugula zitsanzo ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri, kuyambira iwo ali ophatikizana kwambiri, amadya mphamvu zochepetsetsa ndipo chofunika kwambiri - kuwonjezera apo.

Zotsatira za kanema wa kanema pamagwira ntchito

Kumbukirani mavidiyo ali ofanana ndi ogwira ntchito, koma kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti kumagwira ntchito molingana ndi miyezo ina ndipo imakhala yowonjezera. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndikofunika kuti kanema kanema kogwirizanitsa ndi RAM, processor ndi bolodi lamasamba, kuyambira Bokosi la bokosi limathandizira kukula kwa video kanema, maulendo, ndi mtundu.

Msikawu tsopano umakhala ndi makadi a kanema ndi mafupipafupi a GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X ndi HBM. Chotsatirachi ndi chikhalidwe cha AMD, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wopanga ichi, kotero zipangizo zopangidwa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha AMD zingakhale ndi mavuto aakulu pogwira ntchito ndi zida zochokera kwa ena opanga makina (makhadi a kanema, mapulosesa). Ponena za ntchito, HBM ili pakati pa GDDR5 ndi GDDR5X.

GDDR3 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makhadi a makanema otsika omwe ali ndi chipangizo chofooka, kuyambira Mphamvu yamakono yogwiritsira ntchito ikufunika kuti igwiritse ntchito deta yaikulu ya kukumbukira. Kukumbukira uku kuli ndifupipafupi pa msika - kuyambira 1600 MHz mpaka 2000 MHz. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugula adapata yamatsenga omwe nthawi zambiri kukumbukira nthawi yayitali ndi 1600 MHz, chifukwa Pankhaniyi ngakhale maseŵera ofooka adzagwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa kukumbukira ndi GDDR5, umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso m'mabuku ena a bajeti. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe amenewa ndi pafupifupi 2000-3600 MHz. Amapalasita okwera mtengo amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro abwino - GDDR5X, omwe amapereka maulendo apamwamba kwambiri othandizira deta, komanso kukhala ndi mafupipafupi a 5000 MHz.

Kuwonjezera pa mtundu wa kukumbukira, samverani kuchuluka kwake. Mu mapepala a bajeti muli pafupifupi 1 GG ya video memory, pakati gulu mtengo ndi zotheka kupeza zitsanzo ndi 2 GB kukumbukira. Mu makadi okhudzidwa kwambiri a mavidiyo omwe ali ndi maola 6 GB angapezeke. Mwamwayi, chifukwa chogwira ntchito yamakono ambiri amakono, zida zogwiritsira ntchito zogwiritsa ntchito ndi 2 GB ya video memory ndizokwanira. Koma ngati mukusowa makompyuta omwe amatha kukopa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso zaka 2-3, mugulitse khadi la kanemali ndi memembala kwambiri. Komanso, musaiwale kuti ndi bwino kupatsa mtundu wa kukumbukira GDDR5 ndi kusinthidwa kwake, pakadali pano musathamangitse mabuku ambiri. Ndi bwino kugula khadi ndi 2 GB GDDR5 kusiyana ndi 4 GB GDDR3.

Onetsetsani kufupi kwa deta ya data. Sitiyenera kukhala osachepera 128, mwina, mutakhala opanda ntchito pafupifupi mapulogalamu onse. Kukwera kwa mabasi okwanira kumasiyana pakati pa mabedi 128-384.

Zida Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zamagetsi Zamagetsi

Mabotolo ena a maina ndi mphamvu sizingathe kuthandizira mphamvu zofunikira komanso / kapena alibe zida zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito khadi la kanema lovuta, choncho kumbukirani izi. Ngati adapotala ya zithunzi si yoyenera chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyiyika (ngati zinthu zina zili zoyenera), koma simungathe kuchita bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito makhadi a kanema a makalasi osiyana ndi awa:

• Kalasi yoyamba - osati ma Watts 70. Khadi la kalasiyi lidzagwira ntchito popanda vuto lililonse lamakono lamakono ndi magetsi;
• Gulu lapakati - mu 70-150 watts. Osati zigawo zonse ndizoyenera izi;
• Makhadi apamwamba - m'deralo kuyambira pa 150 mpaka 300 Watts. Pachifukwa ichi, mufunikira thandizo lapadera ndi makina a maina, omwe amasinthidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za makina osewera.

Kuzizira makhadi avidiyo

Ngati adapotala ya zithunzi imayamba kuwonjezereka, ndiye, monga pulosesa, sangathe kulephera, komanso kuwonongera umphumphu wa bokosilo, zomwe zidzasokoneza kwambiri. Choncho, makadi a kanema amatenga dongosolo lozizira, lomwe ligawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Zosasamala - pakadali pano, palibe khadi lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lizizizira, kapena koyera kokha kamakhala nawo gawoli, zomwe sizili bwino kwambiri. Adapitala monga lamulo alibe ntchito yabwino, choncho imakhala yozizira kwambiri popanda izo;



• Ogwira ntchito - alipo kale njira yozizira yowonongeka - ali ndi radiator, fanasi ndipo nthawizina ali ndi mapaipi otentha amkuwa. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu makadi amtundu uliwonse. Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zozizira;



• Kuthamanga - m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi machitidwe okhudzidwa. Kanthu kakang'ono kamene kamakwera pa khadi, komwe kuli kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamangoyenda mumlengalenga pamphamvu kwambiri ndipo imayendetsa pakompyuta ndi ma tubes apadera. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kungangowonjezedwa pa makadi akulu ndi amphamvu.

Samalani ndi zinthu zomwe zotsamba zamoto ndi dothi la radiator zimapangidwira. Ngati katundu wolemera atayikidwa pa khadi, ndibwino kusiya mafakitale ndi ma radiator apulasitiki ndi kuganizira njirayi ndi aluminium. Ma radiator abwino - ndi makoma kapena zitsulo zamkuwa. Ndiponso, chifukwa cha makadi a zithunzi "otentha", mafanizidwe okhala ndi zitsulo, osati pulasitiki, ndi abwino kwambiri. iwo akhoza kusungunuka.

Miyeso ya makadi a kanema

Ngati muli ndi bokosi laling'ono la / kapena lachitsitsimutso, yesetsani kusankha ochepa adapatsa zithunzi, kuyambira pano waukulu kwambiri akhoza kugwada bolodi loperewera lamasamba kapena samangogwirizana nawo ngati liri laling'ono kwambiri.

Kulekanitsa pakati, monga choncho, ayi. Makhadi ena angakhale ang'onoang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri amawoneka opanda mphamvu popanda dongosolo lozizira, kapena ndi radiator yaing'ono. Miyeso yeniyeni ili bwino kuti iwonetsere pa webusaiti ya wopanga kapena mu sitolo yogula.

Chiwerengero cha khadi la kanema chikhoza kudalira chiwerengero cha ojambulira pa icho. Pamipukutu yotsika mtengo kawirikawiri pamakhala mzere umodzi wogwirizana (2 zidutswa mzere).

Video Card Connectors

Mndandandanda wa zowonjezera zowonjezera zikuphatikizapo:

• DVI - ndi izo, mukhoza kulumikizana ndi oyang'anitsitsa zamakono, kotero makonzedwe ameneŵa alipo pafupifupi makanema onse. Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri - DVI-D ndi DVI-I. Pachiyambi choyamba pali chojambulira cha digito, chachiwiri palinso chizindikiro cha analog;
• HDMI - ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa ma TV lero kumakompyuta. Chojambulira ichi chiri pa makadi a pakati ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali;
• VGA - amafunika kugwirizanitsa oyang'anira ambiri ndi zowonongeka;
• Displayport - pali zochepa zokhazokha zitsanzo za khadi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mndandanda wa apadera.

Onetsetsani kuti mumvetsere kukhalapo kwa chojambulira chapadera kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zowonjezera pa makadi avidiyo omwe ali ndipamwamba kwambiri (sizowonjezera zitsanzo za "makina a ofesi" ndi malo owonetsera multimedia). Amagawidwa mu 6 ndi 8-pin. Kuti mugwire bwino, m'pofunika kuti bokosi lanu lamagetsi ndi magetsi zithandizire othandizirawa ndi chiwerengero chawo.

Mapulogalamu ambiri makhadi a kanema

Makhadi a amayi a makulidwe akuluakulu ndi aakulu amakhala ndi malo angapo othandizira makhadi a kanema. Kawirikawiri chiwerengero chawo sichidutsa zidutswa 4, koma mu makompyuta apadera mwina pangakhale pang'ono. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala ndi othandizira omasuka, ndikofunika kutsimikiza kuti makadi a kanema angathe kugwira ntchito mogwirizana. Kuti muchite izi, ganizirani malamulo angapo:

• Bokosi la ma bokosi liyenera kuthandizira ntchito ya makadi angapo a vidiyo mogwirizana. Nthawi zina zimakhala kuti chogwirizanitsa chofunikira chikupezeka, koma bokosilo limathandizira ntchito yokhala ndi adapala imodzi yokha, pamene chojambulira "chowonjezera" chimagwira ntchito yokhayokha;
• Makhadi onse a kanema ayenera kupangidwa malinga ndi muyezo umodzi - NVIDIA kapena AMD. Apo ayi, iwo sangathe kuyanjana ndi wina ndi mzake ndipo adzakangana, zomwe zingathenso kumatsogolera kuchitidwe;
• Pa makadi a mafilimu, payenera kukhalanso ojambulira apaderadera okhudzana ndi adapita ndi iwo, mwinamwake simungapindule bwino. Ngati pali chimodzi chokha chogwiritsira ntchito pamakhadi, ndiye adapatsa imodzi yokha yomwe ingagwirizanitsidwe; ngati pali zigawo ziwiri, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha makhadi oonera mavidiyo amakula kufika pa 3, kuphatikizapo yaikulu.

Palinso lamulo lina lofunika ponena za bolodi lamasamba - payenera kukhala chithandizo cha matepi amodzi a makhadi ojambula zithunzi - SLI kapena CrossFire. Yoyamba ndi ubongo wa NVIDIA, wachiwiri ndi AMD. Monga lamulo, pa mabungwe ambiri a amayi, makamaka bajeti ndi gawo la bajeti, pali chithandizo cha mmodzi yekha. Choncho, ngati muli ndi adapotolo ya NVIDIA, ndipo mukufuna kugula khadi lina kuchokera kumapangidwe omwewo, koma bokosi lamanja limathandizira teknoloji yamakono yolankhulirana, muyenera kutsitsa makhadi akuluakulu ojambula zithunzi ndi analo kuchokera ku AMD ndikugula zina kuchokera kwa wopanga yemweyo.

Ziribe kanthu kaya makina apamwamba otani a ma bokosi amathandizira - khadi imodzi ya kanema kuchokera kwa wopanga chirichonse idzachita bwino (ngati ikugwirizanabe ndi pulosesa yapakati), koma ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa makadi awiri, ndiye kuti mungakhale ndi vuto panthawiyi.

Tiyeni tione ubwino wa makadi angapo a kanema ogwirizanitsa:

• Kuwonjezera zokolola;
• Nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa kugula makhadi ena a kanema (malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali) kuposa kukhazikitsa latsopano, champhamvu kwambiri;
• Ngati khadi limodzi lilephera, kompyutayo idzagwira ntchito mokwanira ndipo idzatha kukopa masewera olimba, ngakhale pazowonongeka.

Palinso zovuta:

• Zovuta zogwirizana. Nthawi zina, poika makadi awiri a kanema, ntchito imangowonjezereka;
• Kuti mukhale ogwira ntchito, mukufunikira mphamvu yamphamvu ndi kuzirala, chifukwa Kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi kutumiza kutentha kwa makadi angapo a kanema omwe amayikidwa pafupi akuwonjezeka kwambiri;
• Iwo akhoza kupanga phokoso lowonjezereka pa zifukwa kuchokera pa mfundo yapitayi.

Mukamagula khadi lavideo, onetsetsani kuti mukuyerekeza makhalidwe onse a bokosilo, mphamvu ndi CPU ndi malingaliro a chitsanzo ichi. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mumagula zitsanzo zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo chachikulu, chifukwa Chigawo ichi cha makompyuta chimakhala cholemera kwambiri ndipo chikhoza kulephera nthawi iliyonse. Nthawi yothandizira nthawi yosiyana imakhala yosiyana ndi miyezi 12-24, koma mwinamwake.