Mmodzi mwa magulu otchuka kwambiri a ogwira ntchito pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi matebulo a Excel ndi tsiku ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mungathe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi nthawi ya deta. Tsiku ndi nthawi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mapangidwe a zochitika zosiyanasiyana ku Excel. Kuchita deta ngatiyi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya ogwira ntchito pamwambapa. Tiyeni tipeze komwe mungapeze gululi la ntchito mu mawonekedwe a pulojekiti, ndi momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi mafomu omwe amadziwika kwambiri pa unit.
Gwiritsani ntchito tsiku ndi nthawi ntchito
Gulu la nthawi ndi nthawi zimagwira ntchito yokonza deta yomwe imaperekedwa tsiku kapena nthawi. Pakalipano, Excel ili ndi oposa 20 omwe akuphatikizidwa muzenera. Pamene kumasulidwa kwa Mabaibulo atsopano a Excel, chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka.
Ntchito iliyonse ingathe kulowa mwachinsinsi ngati mutadziwa mawu ake, koma kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri, makamaka osadziŵa zambiri kapena ali ndi chidziwitso chosapitirira chiwerengero, zimakhala zophweka kulowa malamulo pogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chomwe chilipo. Mbuye wa ntchito amatsatiridwa ndikusunthira ku zenera.
- Poyamba njirayi kudzera Mlaliki Wachipangizo sankhani selo komwe zotsatirazo ziwonetsedwe, ndiyeno dinani batani "Ikani ntchito". Ili kumbali yakumanzere ya bar.
- Pambuyo pake, kuyambitsidwa kwa ntchito yambuye kumapezeka. Dinani kumunda "Gulu".
- Kuchokera pandandanda yomwe imatsegulira, sankhani chinthucho "Tsiku ndi Nthawi".
- Pambuyo pake mndandanda wa ogwira ntchito a gulu ili watsegulidwa. Kuti mupite kuzinthu zina, sankhani ntchito yomwe mukufunayo mundandanda ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino". Pambuyo pochita zochitika pamwambapa, zenera zidzatulutsidwa.
Komanso, Mlaliki Wachipangizo akhoza kutsegulidwa mwa kuwonetsera selo pa pepala ndikukakamiza mgwirizano wapadera Shift + F3. Palinso mwayi wosinthika ku tab "Maonekedwe"komwe pa riboni mu gulu la masewero a zida "Laibulale ya Ntchito" dinani pa batani "Ikani ntchito".
N'zotheka kusunthira pazenera zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko inayake ya gululo "Tsiku ndi Nthawi" popanda kuyambitsa zenera lalikulu la Wothandizira Wothandizira. Kuti muchite izi, sungani ku tabu "Maonekedwe". Dinani pa batani "Tsiku ndi Nthawi". Imaikidwa pa tepi mu zida zamagulu. "Laibulale ya Ntchito". Amagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa omwe akugwira ntchitoyi m'gulu lino. Sankhani zomwe zikufunika kuti mutsirize ntchitoyi. Pambuyo pake, mfundozo zimasunthira kuwindo.
Phunziro: Wowonjezera Wogwira Ntchito
DATE
Chimodzi mwa zosavuta kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo ntchito zambiri zomwe gululi limagwira ndi woyendetsa DATE. Imawonetsera tsiku lodziwika mu mawonekedwe mu selo momwe mayendedwe omwewo aikidwa.
Mfundo zake ndizo "Chaka", "Mwezi" ndi "Tsiku". Chidziwitso cha kusungidwa kwa deta ndikuti ntchito imagwira kokha ndi nthawi yochepa osati kale kuposa 1900. Kotero, ngati ngati kutsutsana mmunda "Chaka" Mwachitsanzo, mu 1898, woyendetsa ntchitoyo adzawonetsa mtengo wosayenerera mu selo. Mwachibadwa, monga zifukwa "Mwezi" ndi "Tsiku" chiwerengerocho, mwachindunji, kuyambira 1 mpaka 12 ndi kuyambira 1 mpaka 31. Mikangano ingathenso kutanthawuzira ma selo okhala ndi deta yolondola.
Polemba mwatsatanetsatane ndondomeko, gwiritsani ntchito mawu ofanana awa:
= DATE (Chaka; Mwezi; Tsiku)
Yandikirani izi ntchito ndi mtengo opaleshoni Chaka, MONTH ndi TSIKU. Amawonetsera mu selo mtengo wofanana ndi dzina lawo ndipo ali ndi mtsutso umodzi wa dzina lomwelo.
RAZNAT
Ntchito yodabwitsa ndi yothandizira RAZNAT. Icho chiwerengetsera kusiyana pakati pa masiku awiri. Chidziwitso chake ndi chakuti olemba ntchitowa sali m'ndandanda wa mayina Oyang'anira ntchito, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zikhalidwe zake nthawi zonse zimayenera kulowetsedwa osati kudzera muzithunzi zojambulajambula, koma mwachindunji, motsatira ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
= RAZNAT (kuyamba_date; kutha_date; imodzi)
Kuchokera pazochitikazo zikuonekeratu kuti monga zifukwa "Tsiku Loyamba" ndi "Tsiku Lomaliza" Masiku, kusiyana pakati pa zomwe muyenera kuwerenga. Koma ngati kutsutsana "Chigawo" Gawo lapadera la kusiyana kwake ndi:
- Chaka (y);
- Mwezi (m);
- Tsiku (d);
- Kusiyana kwa miyezi (YM);
- Kusiyana kwa masiku osaganizira zaka (YD);
- Kusiyanasiyana kwa masiku osapatula miyezi ndi zaka (MD).
Phunziro: Chiwerengero cha masiku pakati pa masiku mu Excel
OLEMBEDWA
Mosiyana ndi ndemanga yapitayi, ndondomekoyi OLEMBEDWA akuyimira mndandanda Oyang'anira ntchito. Ntchito yake ndi kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa masiku ogwira ntchito pakati pa masiku awiri, omwe amaperekedwa ngati zifukwa. Komanso, pali kutsutsana kwina - "Maholide". Mtsutso uwu ndi wosankha. Zimasonyeza chiwerengero cha maholide nthawi yophunzira. Masiku ano amachotsedwanso kuchokera ku chiwerengero chonse. Chiwerengerocho chiwerengetsera chiwerengero cha masiku onse pakati pa masiku awiri, kupatula Loweruka, Lamlungu ndi masiku omwe akufotokozedwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ngati maholide. Zokambirana zikhoza kukhala masiku kapena zizindikiro za maselo omwe ali nawo.
Mawu omasulira ndi awa:
= OTHANDIZA (kuyamba_date; kutha_date; [maholide])
TATA
Woyendetsa TATA zosangalatsa chifukwa ziribe zifukwa. Imawonetsera tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe ilipo pa kompyuta mu selo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti phindu limeneli silidzasinthidwa mosavuta. Idzakonzedwa nthawi yomwe ntchitoyo idalengedwa kufikira itayikidwanso. Kuti musinthe, ingosankhira selo yomwe ili ndi ntchitoyo, ikani ndondomeko muzenera yazitsulo ndikusindikiza pa batani Lowani pabokosi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kubwezeretsanso kwa pulogalamuyi kumatha kukhazikika. Syntax TATA monga:
= TDA ()
MASIKU ano
Yofanana kwambiri ndi ntchito yapitayi mu opambana MASIKU ano. Iye alibe zifukwa. Koma selo siliwonetsa chithunzi cha tsiku ndi nthawi, koma tsiku limodzi lokha la tsopano. Mawu omasulirawo ndi ophweka kwambiri:
= MASIKU ano ()
Ntchitoyi, komanso yoyamba, imafuna kubwezeretsanso kusinthidwa. Kukonzedwanso kumachitidwa chimodzimodzi.
TIME
Ntchito yaikulu ya ntchitoyo TIME ndi zotsatira zake ku selo lolongosoledwa la nthawi yomwe imatchulidwa ndi zifukwa. Maganizo a ntchitoyi ndi maola, mphindi ndi masekondi. Zikhoza kufotokozedwa onse mwa mawonekedwe a nambala komanso mawonekedwe omwe akulozera maselo omwe amasungidwa. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi wogwira ntchitoyo DATE, koma mosiyana ndi izo zikuwonetsera zizindikiro za nthawi zomwe zilipo. Kuwongolera kuli kofunika "Clock" akhoza kukhazikitsidwa kuyambira pa 0 mpaka 23, ndi mfundo za miniti ndi yachiwiri - kuyambira 0 mpaka 59. Mawuwa ndi awa:
= TIME (Maola; Mphindi; Zachiwiri)
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ntchito zosiyana zingatchulidwe pafupi ndi woyendetsa. Ola limodzi, MINUTES ndi SECONDS. Amasonyeza kufunika kwa chizindikiro cha nthawi chofanana ndi dzina, chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi ndemanga imodzi ya dzina lomwelo.
DATE
Ntchito DATE zenizeni kwambiri. Sichifukwa cha anthu, koma pulogalamuyi. Ntchito yake ndikutembenuza kujambula kwa tsikulo mwachizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chokha chomwe chilipo ku Excel. Chotsutsana chokha cha ntchitoyi ndi tsiku lomwe likulemba. Komanso, monga momwe zilili pazokangana DATE, zokhazokha pambuyo pa 1900 zamasinthidwa molondola. Chidule chake ndi:
= DATENAME (data_text)
TSIKU
Ntchito yogwira ntchito TSIKU --wonetsani mu selo yeniyeni yomwe ilipo mtengo wa tsiku la sabata kwa tsiku lodziwika. Koma mawonekedwe sakuwonetsera dzina la tsikulo, koma nambala yake yeniyeni. Ndipo kuyamba kwa tsiku loyamba la sabata kumakhala kumunda Lembani ". Kotero, ngati muyika mtengo mu gawo lino "1", ndiye tsiku loyamba la sabata lidzatengedwa Lamlungu, ngati "2" - madzulo, ndi zina zotero. Koma izi sizitsutsano; ngati munda suli wodzazidwa, izo zimaonedwa kuti countdown imayamba kuyambira Lamlungu. Kukangana kwachiwiri ndi tsiku lenilenilo muzinthu zowerengeka, zochitika za tsiku limene mukufuna kuika. Chidule chake ndi:
= DENNED (Tsiku_nambala_nambala; [Mtundu])
MAFUNSO
Cholinga cha wogwiritsira ntchito MAFUNSO ndilo chizindikiro cha nambala yapadera ya sabata ya tsiku loyamba. Zokambirana ndi tsiku lenileni komanso mtundu wa kubwerera. Ngati chirichonse chikuwonekera bwino ndi kutsutsana koyamba, yachiwiri imafuna kufotokoza kwina. Chowonadi n'chakuti m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya malinga ndi mfundo za ISO 8601, sabata yoyamba ya chaka ndilo sabata yoyamba ya chaka. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, muyenera kuika chiwerengero mumtundu wamtunduwu "2". Ngati mukufuna buku lodziwika bwino, komwe sabata yoyamba ya chaka ikuyesedwa kuti ndi yomwe January 1 akugwa, ndiye muyenera kulemba nambala "1" kapena kuchoka m'munda mulibe kanthu. Chidule cha ntchitoyi ndi:
= NUMBERS (tsiku; [mtundu]
KUKHALA
Woyendetsa KUKHALA amapanga chiwerengero chogawanika cha gawo la chaka chomwe chimatha pakati pa masiku awiri mpaka chaka chonse. Zokambirana za ntchitoyi ndi masiku awiriwa, omwe ndi malire a nthawiyi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ntchitoyi ili ndi mkangano wosankha "Maziko". Ikusonyeza momwe mungawerengere tsikulo. Mwachikhazikitso, ngati palibe phindu lafotokozedwa, njira ya ku America yakuwerengera imatengedwa. Nthawi zambiri, zimangokwanira, choncho nthawi zambiri izi sizikusowa konse. Chidule chake ndi:
= Pindulani (start_date; end_date; [maziko])
Tinangoyendayenda kupyolera mwa ogwira ntchito omwe amapanga gulu la ntchito. "Tsiku ndi Nthawi" mu Excel. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali oposa khumi ndi awiri ogwira ntchito a gulu lomwelo. Monga mukuonera, ngakhale ntchito zomwe tafotokozedwa zingathandize kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zikhalidwe za mawonekedwe monga tsiku ndi nthawi. Zinthu izi zimakulolani kuti muzitha kuwerengetsera. Mwachitsanzo, polowera tsiku kapena nthawi yomwe ili mu selo yeniyeni. Popanda kuzindikira momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera sitingathe kuyankhula bwino za Excel.
