Zotsatira - chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu mukamagwira ntchito ku Microsoft Excel. Iwo ndi mbali yofunikira ya machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pulogalamuyi. Ena a iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popita kuzinthu zina kapena zina pa intaneti. Tiyeni tione momwe tingapangire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zofotokozera mu Excel.
Kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizana
Nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mawu onse otchulidwa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri ofunika: amawerengera ngati chiwerengero cha mayendedwe, ntchito, zida zina ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupita ku chinthu chomwe chilipo. Zomalizazo zimatchedwanso hyperlinks. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maulaliki (zogwirizana) amagawidwa mkati ndi kunja. Zamkatimu ndizofotokozera zomwe zili mkati mwa bukhuli. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito paziwerengero, monga gawo la ndondomeko kapena kukangana kwa ntchito, akulozera chinthu china chomwe chiri ndi deta kuti ichitidwe. Gawo ili likuphatikizapo zomwe zimatanthawuza malo omwe ali pamapepala ena. Zonsezi, malingana ndi katundu wawo, zimagawanika kukhala zogwirizana ndi zenizeni.
Zogwirizana zakunja zimatanthawuza chinthu chomwe chili kunja kwa bukhuli. Izi zikhoza kukhala buku lina labwino la Excel kapena malo alimo, chikalata cha mtundu wosiyana, kapena webusaiti yathu pa intaneti.
Mtundu wa chilengedwe umadalira mtundu umene mukufuna kupanga. Tiyeni tiwone njira zosiyana mwatsatanetsatane.
Njira 1: kulenga maulumikizano m'mafomu mkati mwa pepala limodzi
Choyamba, tiyeni tiyang'ane momwe tingapangire zosankha zosiyanasiyana zogwirizana ndi ma fomu, ntchito, ndi zida zina zowerengera za Excel mu pepala limodzi. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita.
Ndemanga yosavuta yowonetsera ikuwoneka ngati iyi:
= A1
Chidziwitso chovomerezeka cha mawu ndi chizindikiro "=". Pokhapokha mukayika chizindikiro ichi mu selo musanayambe kufotokozera, izo zidzawoneka ngati zikuwongolera. Chikhumbo chofunikira ndilo dzina la ndimeyi (mu nkhani iyi A) ndi nambala ya mzere (mu nkhani iyi 1).
Kulongosola "= A1" imanena kuti chinthu chomwe chimayikidwa chimakokera deta kuchokera ku chinthu ndi makonzedwe A1.
Ngati tibwezeretsa mawuwo mu selo kumene zotsatira zimasonyezedwa, mwachitsanzo, pitirizani "= B5", ndiye malingaliro ochokera ku chinthu chomwe chili ndi makonzedwe adzakokedwa mmenemo B5.
Mothandizidwa ndi maulumikizi mungathe kuchita machitidwe osiyanasiyana a masamu. Mwachitsanzo, tikulemba mawu otsatirawa:
= A1 + B5
Dinani batani Lowani. Tsopano, mu mfundo yomwe mawu awa ali, zikhulupiliro zomwe zimayikidwa mu zinthu zomwe zili ndi zigawo zidzakambidwa. A1 ndi B5.
Mfundo yomweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popatukana, kuchulukitsa, kuchotsa ndi ntchito zina zamasamu.
Kuti mulembe chilankhulo chosiyana kapena ngati gawo la ndondomeko, sikofunikira kuti muyendetse kuchokera ku kambokosi. Ingokhalani khalidwelo "=", ndiyeno musiyeni dinani pa chinthu chimene mukufuna kutchula. Adilesi yake idzawonetsedwa mu chinthu chomwe chizindikirocho chaikidwa zofanana.
Koma ziyenera kuzindikiridwa kuti kalembedwe ka makonzedwe A1 osati yokha yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafomu. Mofanana, Excel imagwira ntchito R1C1momwe, mosiyana ndi ndondomeko yapitayi, makonzedwe samatchulidwa ndi makalata ndi manambala, koma mwa nambala chabe.
Kulongosola R1C1 ndilofanana A1ndi R5c2 - B5. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mosiyana ndi kalembedwe A1, pa malo oyambirira ndizo makonzedwe a mzere, ndipo gawo - m'chiwiri.
Mawonekedwe onsewa ndi ofanana mu Excel, koma kusasintha kwazomwekulingalira ndi A1. Kuti muzisinthe kuwona R1C1 zofunikira mu Excel magawo mu gawolo "Maonekedwe" onani bokosi "Link Style R1C1".
Pambuyo pake, ziwerengero zidzawoneka mmalo mwa makalata pazitsulo zosakanikirana, ndipo mawu omwe ali mu barraleyi adzawonekera R1C1. Kuwonjezera apo, mawu olembedwa osati powonjezera akugwirizanitsa mwamanja, koma podindira chinthu chofanana, adzawonetsedwa monga gawo limodzi ndi selo limene aikidwa. Chithunzichi chili pansipa.
= R [2] C [-1]
Ngati ulemba mawuwo mwachindunji, izo zidzatenga mawonekedwe ozolowereka R1C1.
Pachiyambi choyamba, mtundu wamtunduwu unaperekedwa (= R [2] C [-1]), ndipo chachiwiri (= R1C1) - mwamtheradi. Zolumikizo zomveka zimatanthawuza chinthu china, ndi chachibale - ku malo a chinthucho chokhudza selo.
Ngati mubwerera ku chikhalidwe chovomerezeka, ndiye kuti maulumikizano amodzi ali A1ndi mtheradi $ A $ 1. Mwachikhazikitso, maulumiki onse opangidwa mu Excel ali ofanana. Izi zikuwonetseredwa kuti pakukopera kugwiritsa ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, kufunika kwake kumasintha mogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe kake.
- Kuti muwone momwe ziwonekera pochita, yang'anani ku selo A1. Ikani chizindikiro mu chilichonse chopanda kanthu pa pepala "=" ndipo dinani pa chinthucho ndi makonzedwe A1. Pambuyo pa adiresiyi ikuwonetsedwa muzitsulo, tikusindikiza pa batani Lowani.
- Ikani cholozera pamphepete mwachindunji cha chinthu chomwe zotsatira zake zikuwonetsedwa. Tsambali limasinthidwa kukhala chizindikiro chodzaza. Gwiritsani batani lakumbuyo la mouse ndi kukokera pointer yomwe ikufanana ndi deta yomwe mukufuna kuijambula.
- Pambuyo pomaliza, timayang'ana kuti zikhulupiliro zazomwe zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zili m'zolemba zoyambirira (zokopera). Ngati mutasankha selo iliyonse yomwe tinakopera deta, ndiye mu bar yazomwe mungathe kuona kuti mgwirizano unasinthidwa mogwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe kake. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kugwirizana kwake.
Nthaŵi zina chuma chimathandiza kwambiri mukamagwira ntchito ndi ma tebulo, koma nthawi zina mumayenera kufotokoza ndondomeko yoyenera popanda kusintha. Kuti muchite izi, chiyanjano chiyenera kutembenuzidwa kukhala mtheradi.
- Pochita kusintha, kokwanira kuyika chizindikiro cha dola (pafupi ndi makonzedwe ozungulira ndi ozungulira)$).
- Titagwiritsa ntchito chikhomo chodzaza, mukhoza kuona kuti kufunika kwa maselo onse omwe akutsatiridwa akuwonetsedwa mofanana ndi oyambirira. Kuonjezera apo, pamene muyendetsa pa chinthu chilichonse kuchokera pazomwe zili pansipa mu barra, mukhoza kuona kuti maulumikilo akhalabe osasintha.
Kuphatikiza pa mwamtheradi ndi wachibale, pakadalibe zosakaniza zosakaniza. Mwa iwo, ngongole ya dollar yokhala pambaliyi ili ndi chizindikiro cha dola (chitsanzo: $ A1),
kapena ma coordinates a mzere (chitsanzo: A $ 1).
Chizindikiro cha dola chingalowetsedwe mwa kuwonekera pa chizindikiro chofanana pa kambokosi ($). Idzawonetsedwa ngati mubokosi lachingelezi la Chingerezi lidakanikiza pafungulo "4".
Koma pali njira yowonjezera yowonjezera khalidwe lofotokozedwa. Mukungoyenera kusankha ndondomeko yofotokozera ndikusindikiza fungulo F4. Pambuyo pake, chizindikiro cha dola chidzawonekera panthawi imodzi pamakonzedwe onse ozungulira ndi ozungulira. Pambuyo polimbikitsanso F4 chiyanjanocho chimasandulika kukhala chosakanikirana: chizindikiro cha dola chidzangokhala pa makonzedwe a mzere, ndipo pazolumikizana za chigawocho zidzatha. Pemphani wina F4 adzapangitsa zotsatira zosiyana: chizindikiro cha dola chikuwoneka pazolumikizana zazitsulo, koma sichikupezeka pamakonzedwe a mizere. Chotsatira mukamaliza F4 chiyanjano chimasandulika kukhala wachibale popanda zizindikiro za dola. Makina otsatira amachititsa kukhala omveka. Ndipo kotero pa bwalo latsopano.
Mu Excel, simungathe kutchula kokha selo, koma ndi maulendo onse. Mndandanda wamakalata umawoneka ngati makonzedwe a kumtunda kumanzere kwake ndi kumunsi kumanja, wolekanitsidwa ndi koloni (:). Mwachitsanzo, mndandanda womwe ukuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa uli ndi makonzedwe A1: C5.
Potero, kulumikizana kwa mzerewu kudzawoneka ngati:
= A1: C5
PHUNZIRO: Mtheradi ndi wachibale zimalumikizana ku Microsoft Excel
Njira 2: kulumikiza maulumikizano pamakalata ndi malemba ena
Zisanachitike, tinkangoganizira zokhazokha papepala limodzi. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe tingatchulire malo pa pepala lina kapena ngakhale bukhu. Pachifukwa chotsatira, sichidzakhala chiyanjano chamkati, koma chiyanjano chakunja.
Mfundo za chilengedwe ndizofanana ndi zomwe takambirana pamwambapa pochita pepala limodzi. Pokhapokha pa nkhaniyi, muyenera kufotokozera kuwonjezera pa adiresi ya pepala kapena buku limene selo kapena mtundu ulipo womwe mukufunayo.
Kuti muwone kufunika kwa pepala lina, mukufunikira pakati pa chizindikiro "=" ndipo makonzedwe a selo amasonyeza dzina lake, ndiye ikani chizindikiro chodabwitsa.
Choncho kulumikizana ndi selo Mapepala 2 ndi makonzedwe B4 ziwoneka ngati izi:
= Mapepala2! B4
Mawuwo akhoza kutengedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pa khibhodi, koma ndi bwino kwambiri kuchita izi.
- Ikani chizindikiro "=" mu chigawo chomwe chidzakhala ndi mafotokozedwe otsindika. Pambuyo pake, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yocheperapo pamwamba pa barani, muyenera kupita ku pepala komwe chinthu chomwe mukufuna kutchula chipezeka.
- Pambuyo pa kusinthika, sankhani chinthu (selo kapena mtundu) ndipo dinani pa batani Lowani.
- Pambuyo pake, kubwerera kwa pepala lapitalo kudzachitika, koma mgwirizano umene tikufuna udzapangidwa.
Tsopano tiyeni tione momwe tingatchulire chinthu chomwe chiri mu bukhu lina. Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti malamulo a ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi zida za Excel ndi mabuku ena ndi osiyana. Ena a iwo amagwira ntchito ndi maofesi ena a Excel, ngakhale atatsekedwa, pamene ena amafunikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafayilowa kuti agwirizane.
Mogwirizana ndi izi, mtundu wa kugwirizana kwa mabuku ena ndi wosiyana. Ngati mwaiyika mu chida chomwe chimagwira ntchito ndi mafayilo okhaokha, pakuthayi, mungathe kufotokoza dzina la bukhu limene mumatchula. Ngati mukufuna kupanga ntchito ndi fayilo yomwe simudzatsegula, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kufotokozera njira yonseyo. Ngati simukudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi fayilo kapena simukudziwa momwe chida china chingagwiritsire ntchito ndi izo, ndiye pakali pano, ndi bwino kufotokoza njira yonse. Zosasangalatsa izo ndithudi sizidzatero.
Ngati mukufuna kutchula chinthu chomwe chili ndi adilesi C9zilipo Mapepala 2 mu bukhu latsopano lotchedwa "Excel.xlsx", kenaka lembani mawu otsatirawa m'makalata omwe phindu lidzatulutsidwa:
= [excel.xlsx] Sheet2! C9
Ngati mukukonzekera kugwira ntchito ndi chikalata chatsekedwa, ndiye kuti mwazinthu zina muyenera kufotokoza njira ya malo ake. Mwachitsanzo:
= 'D: Foda yatsopano [excel.xlsx] Sheet2'! C9
Monga momwe mukugwiritsira ntchito mawu ogwirizanitsa pa pepala lina, pamene mukupanga chiyanjano ku zigawo za bukhu lina, mukhoza kuliyika mwadongosolo, kapena mwa kusankha selo lofanana kapena fayilo mu fayilo ina.
- Ikani khalidwe "=" mu selo komwe mawu owonetsedwawo adzakhazikitsidwe.
- Kenaka mutsegule buku limene mukufuna kutchula ngati silikuyenda. Timasindikiza pa pepala lake pamalo omwe akuyenera kutchula. Pambuyo izi dinani Lowani.
- Palibwereza kubwereza kubwereza. Monga mukuwonera, ili ndi chiyanjano ku zigawo za fayilo yomwe tadodomanga pa sitepe yapitayi. Lili ndi dzina lokha popanda njira.
- Koma ngati titseka fayilo yowonongeka, ulalowu udzasinthidwa mwamsanga. Iwonetseratu njira yonse yopita ku fayilo. Choncho, ngati chiganizo, ntchito, kapena chida chikuthandizira kugwira ntchito ndi mabuku otsekedwa, ndiye tsopano, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kufotokozera, mungagwiritse ntchito mwayi umenewu.
Monga momwe mukuonera, kuyika chiyanjano ku zigawo za fayilo ina podalira pa izo sizowonjezereka kwambiri kuposa kulowetsa mowonjezera pa adiresi, komanso kuwonjezera pa chilengedwe chonse, chifukwa paichi chiyanjano chimasinthidwa malingana ndi ngati buku limene likutanthawuza likutsekedwa, kapena kutseguka.
Njira 3: DFID ntchito
Chinthu china chomwe mungatanthauze chinthu mu Excel ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi FLOSS. Chida ichi chakonzedwa kuti chikhale ndi mafotokozedwe a mawonekedwe. Mipangidwe yolumikizidwa mwanjira iyi imatchedwanso "super-absolute", pamene imagwirizanitsidwa ndi selo yomwe imasonyezedwa mwa iwo molimba kwambiri kusiyana ndi momwe amachitira. Chidule cha mawu awa ndi:
= FLOSS (kutchulidwa; a1)
"Lumikizanani" - iyi ndi mtsutso womwe umatanthawuza selo mu mawonekedwe a malemba (wokutidwa mu ndemanga);
"A1" - ndemanga yodzifunira yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito: A1 kapena R1C1. Ngati mtengo wa zokambiranazi "WOONA"ndiye njira yoyamba ikugwiritsidwira ntchito ngati "ZINTHU" - kenako chachiwiri. Ngati mkangano uwu wasiya zonse, ndiye kuti palibe chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. A1.
- Lembani zomwe zimapangidwa pa pepala limene chiganizocho chidzapezeka. Timakani pa chithunzi "Ikani ntchito".
- Mu Wizard ntchito mu block "Zolumikizana ndi zolemba" sangalalani "DVSSYL". Timakakamiza "Chabwino".
- Festile yotsutsana ya mawu ikuyamba. Kumunda Chiyanjano cha Cell yikani chotsitsa ndikusankha chinthu chomwe chili pa pepala chomwe tikufuna kuti tifikirepo podindira phokoso. Pambuyo pa adiresi ikuwonetsedwa kumunda, "timachikulunga" m'mawu ake. Munda wachiwiri ("A1") achoke opanda kanthu. Dinani "Chabwino".
- Zotsatira za kukonza ntchitoyi ikuwonetsedwa mu selo losankhidwa.
Tsatanetsatane tsatanetsatane ubwino ndi maonekedwe a ntchito ndi ntchitoyi FLOSS zomwe takambirana pa phunziro lapadera.
PHUNZIRO: Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito mu Microsoft Excel
Njira 4: Pangani Hyperlinks
Ma hyperlink ndi osiyana ndi mawonekedwe omwe tawoneka pamwambapa. Amatumikira kuti asatenge "deta" kuchokera kumadera ena kupita ku selo kumene ali, koma kuti musinthe pamene mutsegula kumalo omwe akuwamasulira.
- Pali njira zitatu zopita kuwindo lachirengedwe la hyperlink. Malingana ndi yoyamba mwa iwo, muyenera kusankha selo limene fayilo lidzalowetsedwamo, ndipo dinani ndi batani lamanja la mouse. Mu menyu yachidule, sankhani kusankha "Hyperlink ...".
M'malo mwake, mutasankha chinthu chomwe chimayimilira, mukhoza kupita ku tabu "Ikani". Kumeneko pa tepi yomwe mukufuna kuikani pa batani. "Hyperlink".
Komanso, mutasankha selo, mungagwiritse ntchito kondomu. CTRL + K.
- Mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu izi, mawindo otsegulira otsegulira adzatsegulidwa. Kumanzere kwawindo mungasankhe chinthu chomwe mukufuna kuyankhulana nacho:
- Ali ndi malo mu bukhu lamakono;
- Ndi buku latsopano;
- Ndi webusaiti kapena fayilo;
- Kuchokera pa imelo.
- Mwachindunji, zenera likuyamba njira yolankhulirana ndi fayilo kapena tsamba la intaneti. Kuti muyanjanitse chinthu ndi fayilo, mkatikati mwawindo, mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyendetsa, muyenera kupita kudiresi yovuta ya disk komwe fayilo ili, ndipo muisankhe. Ikhoza kukhala bukhu la ntchito ya Excel kapena fayilo ya mtundu uliwonse. Pambuyo pazigawo izi zidzawonetsedwa mmunda "Adilesi". Kenako, kuti mutsirize opaleshoniyi, dinani batani "Chabwino".
Ngati pali chosowa chogwirizanitsa ndi webusaitiyi, ndiye kuti mu gawo lomwelo pawindo la kulenga hyperlink kumunda "Adilesi" Mukungoyenera kufotokozera adiresi ya intaneti yomwe mukufuna ndikuikani pa batani "Chabwino".
Ngati mukufuna kufotokoza hyperlink kumalo omwe alipo pakali pano, muyenera kupita ku gawolo "Gwirizanitsani malo kumalo". Kuwonjezera pa gawo lapakati la zenera muyenera kufotokoza pepala ndi adiresi ya selo yomwe mukufuna kupanga kugwirizana. Dinani "Chabwino".
Ngati mukufuna kupanga pulogalamu yatsopano ya Excel ndi kuikulumikiza pogwiritsira ntchito hyperlink ku bukhu lamakono, muyenera kupita ku gawoli "Gwirizanitsani ndi chikalata chatsopano". Kenaka m'katikati mwawindo, perekani dzina ndikuwonetsa malo ake pa diski. Kenaka dinani "Chabwino".
Ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kugwirizanitsa chinthu cha pepala ndi hyperlink, ngakhale ndi imelo. Kuti muchite izi, pitani ku gawoli "Link kwa Email" ndi kumunda "Adilesi" tchulani imelo. Klaatsay "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pophatikiza foni, mawuwo mu selo yomwe ilipo, amasintha buluu posasintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti hyperlink ikugwira ntchito. Kuti mupite ku chinthu chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa, dinani kawiri pa icho ndi batani lamanzere.
Kuphatikiza apo, chithunzithunzi chikhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yomangidwa mkati yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwe limalankhula lokha - "HYPERLINK".
Mawu awa ali ndi syntax:
= HYPERLINK (adilesi; dzina)
"Adilesi" - mtsutso wosonyeza adiresi ya intaneti pa intaneti kapena fayilo pa hard drive imene mukufuna kukhazikitsa kugwirizana.
"Dzina" - mkangano mwa mawonekedwe a malemba omwe adzasonyezedwe mu chigawo cha pepala chomwe chiri ndi hyperlink. Mtsutso uwu ndi wosankha. Ngati kulibe, adiresi ya chinthu chomwe ntchitoyo ikuimira idzawonetsedwa muzomwe zili pamasamba.
- Sankhani selo limene fayilo liyikidwa, ndipo dinani pazithunzi "Ikani ntchito".
- Mu Wizard ntchito pitani ku gawo "Zolumikizana ndi zolemba". Lembani dzina "HYPERLINK" ndipo dinani "Chabwino".
- Mu bokosi latsutso m'munda "Adilesi" timafotokoza adiresi pa webusaitiyi kapena fayilo pa winchester. Kumunda "Dzina" lembani mawu omwe adzasonyezedwe muzowonjezera pepala. Klaatsay "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pake, hyperlink idzalengedwa.
PHUNZIRO: Mmene mungapangire kapena kuchotsa ma hyperlink ku Excel
Tapeza kuti mu Excel magulu pali magulu awiri a maulumikizi: omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafomu ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha (hyperlink). Kuwonjezera apo, magulu awiriwa adagawidwa m'mitundu yochepa. Kukonzekera kwa ndondomeko ya chilengedwe kumadalira mtundu weniweni wa chiyanjano.
