HDD, hard drive, hard drive - onsewa ndi mayina a chipangizo chimodzi chodziwika bwino chosungirako. M'nkhaniyi tidzakuuzani za chida cha ma drivewa, momwe mungasungitsire zambiri, komanso zina zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chipangizo choyendetsa galimoto
Malingana ndi dzina lonse la chipangizochi - chodabwitsa choyendetsa galimoto (HDD) - mungathe kumvetsetsa zomwe zili pa maziko a ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso wotalika, zosungiramo zosungiramo zosungiramo zimayikidwa mu makompyuta osiyanasiyana: PC, matepi, mapulogalamu, mapiritsi, ndi zina zotero. Chinthu chosiyana cha HDD ndicho kusunga deta zambiri, pamene ali ndi miyeso yaing'ono kwambiri. M'munsimu timalongosola maonekedwe ake, mfundo za ntchito ndi zina. Tiyeni tiyambe!
Phukusi lamagetsi ndi bolodi lamagetsi
Magalasi opangira magetsi ndi mkuwa pambali pake, pamodzi ndi zida zogwirizanitsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi chingwe cha SATA, amatchedwa bolodi (Printed Circuit Board, PCB). Dongosolo lophatikizidwa limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthanitsa diski ndi PC ndikutsogolera njira zonse mkati mwa HDD. Nyumba zoyera zowonjezeredwa ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake zimatchedwa malo osayendetsa (Mutu wa Mutu ndi Disk, HDA).
Pakati pa dera lophatikizana ndi chipangizo chachikulu microcontroller (Micro Controller Unit, MCU). Masiku ano HDD microprocessor ili ndi zigawo ziwiri: komiti yamagetsi yapakati (Central Processor Unit, CPU), yomwe imakhudza zowerengera zonse, ndi werengani ndi kulemba njira - chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimamasulira chizindikiro cha analog kuchokera kumutu kupita ku discrete pamene chiri chovuta kuwerenga ndi mosiyana - digito kwa analog pamene mukulemba. Microprocessor ali nayo Maiko a I / O, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe akuyendetsa zinthu zina zomwe zili pa bolodi, ndikupanga kusinthanitsa kwa chidziwitso kudzera mu kugwirizana kwa SATA.
Chichipangizo china, chomwe chili pa chithunzi, ndikumbuyo kwa DDR SDRAM (chipangizo chokumbukira). Nambala yake imatulutsa voliyumu ya cache yovuta. Chip chipichi chimagawidwa mu kukumbukira firmware, mbali yomwe ili mu galasi yoyendetsa, ndipo kukumbukira kukumbukira koyenera kuti pulosesa ikhale yosungiramo modules firmware.
Chip chipiti chachitatu chimatchedwa woyendetsa galimoto komanso mitu (Voice Coil Motor controller, VCM woyang'anira). Amayang'anira magetsi ena omwe ali pa bolodi. Zimayendetsedwa ndi microprocessor ndi sintha preamplifier (preamplifier) ili mu chidindo chosindikizidwa. Olamulirawa amafunika mphamvu zambiri kuposa zigawo zina pa gulu, popeza ndizoyendetsa kusinthasintha kwazitsulo ndi kuyenda kwa mitu. Cholinga cha preamplifier chogwiritsira ntchito chimatha kugwira ntchito potentha kwa 100 ° C! Pamene HDD imagwiritsidwa ntchito, microcontroller imatsitsa zomwe zili mu chipangizo cha flash ndikuzikumbukira ndikuyamba kuchita izi. Ngati chikhocho chikulephera kubwereza bwino, HDD sichidzatha kuyamba kupititsa patsogolo. Ndiponso, kukumbukira kukugwiritsidwa ntchito mu microcontroller, ndipo sikukhala mu bolodi.
Ili pa mapu kuthamanga khungu (mantha otsegula) amatsimikizira mlingo wa kugwedezeka. Ngati akuwona kuti mphamvu yake ndi yoopsa, chizindikiro chidzatumizidwa ku injini ndi woyang'anira mutu, pambuyo pake adzaimitsa mitu kapena kuimitsa makina onse a HDD. Mwachidziwitso, njirayi yapangidwa kuti iteteze HDD kuwonongeka kwa makina osiyanasiyana, komabe, pakuchita izo sizikuyenda bwino ndi izo. Choncho, sikofunika kusiya galimoto yonyamula, chifukwa ikhoza kutsogolera ntchito yopanda mphamvu, yomwe ingayambitse kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chipangizocho. Ma HDD ena ali ndi masensa otsekemera omwe amavomereza kuwonetseratu pang'ono. Deta yomwe VCM imalandira imathandizira kusintha kayendetsedwe ka mutuwo, choncho disks zili ndi masensa awiri otero.
Chida china chokonzekera kuteteza HDD - mpweya wochepa wautali (Kutha Kwachangu Kugonjetsa, TVS), yokonzedwa kuti zisawonongeke ngati zingatheke pokhapokha ngati magetsi akugwera. Mu chigwirizano chimodzi pangakhale zingapo zoterezi.
Pamwamba pa HDA
Pansi pa gulu lozungulira lozungulira ndi oyanjana ndi magalimoto ndi mitu. Pano mungathe kuonanso malo osadziwika omwe ali ndi mpweya wozizira, womwe umagwirizanitsa kupanikizika mkati ndi kunja kwa malo osungirako ziwalo, ndikuwononga nthano kuti palipansi mkati mwa hard drive. Malo ake amkati ali ndi fyuluta yapaderayi yomwe sichidutsa fumbi ndi chinyezi mwachindunji ku HDD.
HDA
Pansi pa chivundikiro cha maluwa ake, omwe ali ndi zitsulo zamtundu ndi mphika wa rabara umene umatetezera ku chinyontho ndi fumbi, pali maginito disks.
Angathenso kutchedwa zikondamoyo kapena mbale (mbale). Ma discs amakhala opangidwa ndi galasi kapena aluminiyumu yomwe yapangidwa kale. Kenaka ali ndi zigawo zingapo za zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala ndi ferromagnet - chifukwa chake, n'zotheka kulemba ndi kusunga zambiri pa disk. Pakati pa mbale ndi pamwamba pa pamwamba pake paliponse. okonza (dampers kapena separators). Iwo amalinganiza kayendetsedwe ka mpweya ndi kuchepetsa phokoso lamakono. Kawirikawiri amapanga pulasitiki kapena aluminium.
Mipata yogawanika, yomwe inapangidwa ndi aluminium, imapanga ntchito yabwino yochepetsera kutentha kwa mpweya mkati mwake.
Magnetic Head Block
Kumapeto kwa mabakitawa maginito mutu (Head Stack Assembly, HSA), mitu yowerenga / kulemba ilipo. Nkhwangwa ikamayimitsidwa, iyenera kukhala pamalo okonzekera - apa ndi pamene mitu ya daki yochuluka ikugwira ntchito panthawi yomwe chitsamba sichigwira ntchito. M'madera ena a HDD, magalimoto amapezeka pamapangidwe apulasitiki omwe ali kunja kwa mbale.
Kuti ntchito yosavuta ya disk yovuta ikhale yoyera, mpweya uli ndi zochepa zazing'ono zakunja. M'kupita kwa nthawi, makina opangira mafuta ndi zitsulo amapangidwa mu accumulator. Kuti atulutse, HDD ili ndi zipangizo mafayilo oyendayenda (fyulululuta fyuluta), yomwe nthawi zonse imasonkhanitsa ndi kusunga tizilombo tochepa kwambiri. Iwo amaikidwa mu njira ya kuthamanga kwa mpweya, zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mbale.
Mu NZHMD amapanga magetsi a neodymium omwe amatha kukopa ndi kulemera kwake komwe kangakhale zazikulu zikwi 1300 kuposa zake. Cholinga cha maginito awa mu HDD ndi kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa mitu mwa kuwaika pamwamba pa mapepala apulasitiki kapena aluminium.
Mbali ina ya msonkhano waukulu wa maginito ndi chophimba (voil voil). Pamodzi ndi magetsi, imapanga BMG galimotoomwe, pamodzi ndi BMH ali udindo (actuator) - chipangizo chomwe chimasuntha mutu. Chitetezo cha chipangizo ichi chimatchedwa kukonza (latch latch). Amamasula BMG mwamsanga pamene kachidutswa kamene kamatenga mavoti okwanira. Panthawi yomasulidwayi, pangakhale kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Kuwombera kumalepheretsa kusuntha kulikonse kwa mitu mu dziko lokonzekera.
Pansi pa BMG padzakhala zomveka bwino. Icho chimapangitsa kuwonetsetsa ndi kulondola kwa gawoli. Palinso zopangidwira zopangidwa ndi alloyum alloy, omwe amatchedwa goli (mkono). Pamapeto pake, pamapeto a kasupe, ndiwo mitu. Kuchokera kwa rocker akubwera makina osinthika (Flexible Printed Circuit, FPC) yomwe imatsogolera ku contact pad yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta.
Pano pali coil, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi chingwe:
Pano mungathe kuona zotsatirazo:
Nazi zotsatira za BMG:
Gasket (gasket) amathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti mwamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, mpweya umalowa m'kati mwa ma discs ndipo imangoyenda pena pena pokhapokha ngati ikugwedeza. Mawonekedwe a disk awa amadzazidwa ndi zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wabwino.
Msonkhano wodutsa:
Kumapeto kwa kasupe suspensions ndizochepa - oyendetsa (slide). Amathandizira kuwerenga ndi kulemba deta mwa kukweza mutu pamwamba pa mbale. M'makono amakono, mitu imagwira ntchito mtunda wa 5-10 nm kuchokera pamwamba pa zitsulo zazitsulo. Zambiri za kuwerengera ndi kulemba chidziwitso zili pamapeto a omanga. Ndizochepa kwambiri moti mungathe kuziwona pogwiritsa ntchito microscope.
Mbalizi sizing'onozing'ono, monga momwe zimadzipangira zokhazokha, zomwe zimawongolera kutalika kwake. Mlengalenga pansipa imalenga mtolo (Kutenga Mpweya, ABS), yomwe imathandizira kuthawa pamtunda.
Tenga - chipangizo chomwe chili ndi udindo wotsogolera mitu ndi kukulitsa chizindikiro kwa iwo kapena kwa iwo. Lipezeka mwachindunji mu BMG, chifukwa mbendera yomwe imapangidwa ndi mitu ilibe mphamvu yokwanira (pafupifupi 1 GHz). Popanda chowongolera m'malo ozungulira, zimangowonongeka pa njira yopita ku dera lophatikizidwa.
Kuchokera ku chipangizochi, njira zambiri zimatsogolera kumitu kuposa malo ozungulira. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti hard disk ingagwirizane ndi mmodzi wa iwo pa nthawi inayake pa nthawi. Microprocessor imatumiza zopempha za preamp kuti zisankhe mutu zomwe zikufunikira. Kuchokera pa diski kupita kwa aliyense wa iwo amapita zingapo zingapo. Iwo ali ndi udindo wowakhazikitsa, kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kuyendetsa kayendedwe kakang'ono, kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zamtunduwu zomwe zingathe kuyendetsa chingwecho, chomwe chimapangitsa kuwonjezera kulondola kwa malo a mitu. Mmodzi wa iwo ayenera kutsogolera ku moto umene umayendera kutalika kwa kuthawa kwake. Ntchito yomangayi imagwira ntchito motere: kutentha kumatengedwa kuchoka pamotentha mpaka kuyimitsidwa, komwe kumagwirizanitsa chotsitsa ndi mkono wodula. Kuyimitsa kumapangidwa kuchokera ku alloys omwe ali ndi zosiyana zosiyana kuchokera ku kutentha kumeneku. Pamene kutentha kumatuluka, kumadumphira ku mbale, potero kumachepetsa mtunda kuchokera pamutuwo kupita kumutu. Pamene kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha, zotsatira zotsutsana zimapezeka - mutu umayenda kuchoka ku phokoso.
Umo ndi momwe wolekanitsa pamwamba akuwoneka ngati:
Chithunzichi chili ndi malo osindikizidwa opanda mutu komanso mutu wopatulira. Mukhozanso kuona makina otsika komanso kukanikiza (mbale zowomba):
Ndodo iyi imagwira mapepala a palimodzi pamodzi, kuteteza kusuntha kulikonse:
Ma mbalewo amadziwika shaft (kachipangizo kakang'ono):
Koma chiyani pansi pa mbale yopamwamba:
Monga mutha kumvetsetsa, malo a mituyo adalengedwa mothandizidwa ndi apadera kulekanitsa mphete (mphete zamkati). Izi ndizigawo zomveka bwino zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maginito osakanizika kapena ma polima:
Pansi pa HDA palinso malo osokoneza ubongo omwe ali pansipa pansi pa fyuluta yakuda. Mlengalenga omwe ali kunja kwa chidindo chosindikizidwa, ndithudi, ali ndi fumbi particles. Kuti athetse vutoli, fyuluta yowonjezera yowonjezera imayikidwa, yomwe imakhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi fyuluta yozungulira yofanana. Nthawi zina mumatha kupeza njira za gelisi, zomwe zimayenera kuyamwa chinyezi:
Kutsiliza
Nkhaniyi yatulutsa ndondomeko ya HDD. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inali yosangalatsa kwa inu ndipo inathandizidwa kuphunzira zinthu zambiri zatsopano kuchokera kumapangizo a makompyuta.
