Graph ikukulolani kuti muwonetsetse kudalira kwa deta pa zizindikiro zina, kapena mphamvu zawo. Mipukutu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse mu sayansi kapena kafukufuku, komanso mu zitsanzo. Tiyeni tione momwe tingamangire graph mu Microsoft Excel.
Plotting
N'zotheka kukopera galasi ku Microsoft Excel pambuyo pa tebulo ndi deta ili yokonzeka, malinga ndi zomwe idzamangidwira.
Pambuyo patebulo liri lokonzeka, pokhala mu tab "Insert", sankhani malo a tebulo kumene deta yomwe tifuna kuwona mu graph ilipo. Kenaka, pa tsatanetsatane m'bokosi la "Zithunzi", dinani pa "Grafu".
Zitatha izi, mndandanda umatsegulidwa kuti mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya ma grafu imaperekedwa:
- ndondomeko ya nthawi zonse;
- zidutswa;
- normalized nthawi ndi accumulation;
- ndi zizindikiro;
- tchati ndi zizindikiro ndi kusonkhanitsa;
- normalized ndondomeko ndi zizindikiro ndi kusonkhanitsa;
- tchati chavotolo.
Timasankha ndondomeko yomwe, mwa lingaliro lanu, ili yabwino kwambiri pa zolinga zake zomangamanga.
Komanso, pulogalamu ya Microsoft Excel imapanga ntchito yomanga ma graph.
Kusintha kwa Tchati
Gululo litamangidwa, mukhoza kulikonza, kuti likhale looneka bwino kwambiri, ndi kumvetsetsa mfundo zomwe graph ikuwonetsera.
Kuti mulembe dzina la graph, pitani ku "Layout" tab ya wizard yogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi. Timakani pa batani pa tepi yomwe ili pansi pa dzina lakuti "Dzina lachati". M'ndandanda yomwe imatsegulidwa, sankhani ngati dzina liyikidwa: pakati kapena pamwamba pa ndandanda. Njira yachiwiri ndi yoyenera kwambiri, kotero dinani chinthu "Pamwamba pa tchati." Pambuyo pake, dzina likuwonekera, lomwe lingasinthidwe kapena kusinthidwa mwanzeru yake, pokhapokha podalira pa izo, ndi kulowa malemba ofunidwa kuchokera ku kibokosilo.
Pofuna kutchula mazere a graph, dinani pa batani "Dzina lachisa". Mndandanda wotsika pansi, nthawi yomweyo sankhani chinthucho "Dzina lachinthu chachikulu chotsamira", kenako pitani ku malo akuti "Dzina pansi pa axis".
Pambuyo pake, pansi pa axis, mawonekedwe a dzina amapezeka momwe mungalowemo dzina lirilonse lomwe mukufuna.
Mofananamo, timasaina chingwe chowongolera. Dinani pa batani "Dzina la Axis", koma pa menyu omwe akuwonekera, sankhani dzina "Dzina la chingwe chowonekera." Pambuyo pake, mndandanda wa zosankha zitatu pa malo a saina:
- kusinthidwa;
- chowonekera;
- yopanda malire.
Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dzina lozunguliridwa, popeza pakadali pano malo omwe ali patsamba amasungidwa. Dinani pa dzina "Wotchedwa mutu".
Kachiwiri, pa pepala, pafupi ndi liwu lolingana, munda umapezeka momwe mungalowemo dzina lokha lomwe likugwirizana kwambiri ndi deta yomwe ilipo.
Ngati mukuganiza kuti nthano sifunika kuti mumvetse zithunzi, koma zimangotenga malo, mukhoza kuzichotsa. Kuti muchite izi, dinani pa batani "Legend", yomwe ili pa tepi, ndipo musankhe "Ayi". Pano mungasankhe malo alionse a nthano, ngati simukufuna kuchotsa, koma ingosintha malo.
Kulemba ndi chithandizo chothandizira
Pali milandu yomwe muyenera kuyika ma graph angapo pa ndege yomweyo. Ngati ali ndi miyeso yofanana yowerengera, ndiye izi zimachitidwa chimodzimodzi monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Koma ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati miyesoyi ndi yosiyana?
Poyamba, pokhala pa "Insert" tab, ngati nthawi yomaliza, sankhani zoyenera pa tebulo. Kenaka, dinani pa batani "Graph", ndipo sankhani ndondomeko yoyenera kwambiri ya ndandanda.
Monga mukuonera, zithunzi ziwiri zimapangidwa. Kuti muwonetse dzina lenileni la mayunitsi pa grafu iliyonse, dinani pomwepo pa zomwe titi tiwonjezeko zina. M'ndandanda imene ikuwonekera, sankhani "Dongosolo la deta".
Mawindo a mawonekedwe a mzere akuyamba. Mu gawo lake "Row Parameters", limene liyenera kutsegulidwa mwachisawawa, titsani kusinthana ku "Pakati pa malo owonjezera". Dinani pa batani "Tsekani".
Pambuyo pake, mzere watsopano umapangidwa, ndipo ndondomeko imangidwanso.
Tsopano, tifunika kulemba zitsulo, ndi dzina la grafu, molingana ndi momwe amachitira kale. Ngati pali ma grafu angapo, ndi bwino kuti musachotse nthano.
Plot ntchito
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe tingamangire grafu pa ntchito yapatsidwa.
Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi ntchito y = x ^ 2-2. Khwerero, idzakhala yofanana ndi 2.
Choyamba, timanga tebulo. Ku mbali ya kumanzere, lembani ma x x mu increments 2, ndiko, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ndi zina. Kumanja kumanja ife timayendetsa mu dongosolo.
Kenaka, timayima pa ngodya ya kumunsi ya selo, dinani pakani pakhomo, ndipo "kukokera" pansi pa gome, motero mukufanizira fomuyi mumaselo ena.
Kenaka pitani ku tab "Insert". Sankhani deta ya ntchitoyo, ndipo dinani pa batani "Obalalitsa" pa leboni. Kuchokera pa mndandanda wa ma chart, sankhani mfundo ndi mapepala osalala ndi zizindikiro, chifukwa malingaliro awa ndi abwino kwambiri pomanga ntchito.
Plotting ntchitoyi ikupitirira.
Gululo litakonzedweratu, mukhoza kuchotsa nthano ndikupanga zojambula, zomwe tazitchula kale.
Monga mukuonera, Microsoft Excel imapereka mphamvu yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma grafu. Mkhalidwe waukulu wa izi ndi kulengedwa kwa tebulo ndi deta. Pambuyo pa pulogalamuyi, imatha kusintha ndikusinthidwa molingana ndi cholinga.
