Kusiyanasiyana kwawerengedwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zotchuka kwambiri masamu. Koma kuwerengera uku sikugwiritsidwe ntchito mu sayansi yokha. Timachita nthawi zonse, popanda kuganiza, mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwerenge kusintha kuchokera kugula m'sitolo, chiwerengero cha kupeza kusiyana pakati pa ndalama zomwe wogula adapatsa wogulitsayo komanso mtengo wa katunduyo akugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawerengere kusiyana kwa Excel pamene tikugwiritsa ntchito mafomu osiyanasiyana.
Kusiyanitsa mawerengedwe
Poganizira kuti Excel imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zojambula, pamene kuchotsa mtengo umodzi kuchokera kwa wina, mitundu yosiyana ya malemba imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma kawirikawiri, zonsezi zingatheke kukhala mtundu umodzi:
X = A-B
Ndipo tsopano tiyang'ane momwe zikhalidwe za mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana zimachotsedwera: manambala, ndalama, tsiku ndi nthawi.
Njira 1: Chotsani Numeri
Nthawi yomweyo tiyeni tiganizire mosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kusiyana, ndiko kuchotsa kwa mawerengero. Pazinthu izi, Excel angagwiritse ntchito chizoloŵezi cha masamu ndi chizindikiro "-".
- Ngati mukufunika kupanga chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha nambala, kugwiritsa ntchito Excel, ngati chowerengera, kenaka yesani chizindikiro mu selo "=". Ndiye mwamsanga pambuyo pa chizindikiro ichi muyenera kulemba nambala kuti ichepetse kuchokera ku kibodiboli, ikani chizindikiro "-"ndiyeno lembani deductible. Ngati angapo amachotsedwa, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuikanso chizindikiro "-" ndipo lembani nambala yofunikira. Ndondomeko yotsatila chizindikiro cha masamu ndi manambala ayenera kuchitidwa mpaka ndalama zonse zitalowa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera 10 chotsani 5 ndi 3, muyenera kulemba ndondomeko zotsatirazi mu gawo la pepala la Excel:
=10-5-3Mukamaliza kujambula, kuti muwonetse zotsatira za mawerengedwe, dinani pa fungulo Lowani.
- Monga mukuonera, zotsatira zimasonyezedwa. Ndilofanana ndi chiwerengero 2.
Koma mobwerezabwereza, ndondomeko ya kuchotsa Excel ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa manambala omwe amaikidwa m'maselo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dongosolo la masamu lokha silinasinthe, koma tsopano m'malo mwa mawu amodzi, mafotokozedwe a maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kumene ali. Chotsatiracho chikuwonetsedwa mu chidutswa chosiyana cha pepala, kumene chizindikiro chimayikidwa "=".
Tiyeni tiwone momwe tingawerengere kusiyana pakati pa nambala. 59 ndi 26yomwe ili pambali pa pepalali ndi ma coordinates A3 ndi C3.
- Sankhani chinthu chopanda kanthu cha bukulo, limene tikukonzekera kusonyeza zotsatira za kuwerengera kusiyana. Timaika chizindikiro "=". Pambuyo pake dinani selo A3. Ikani khalidwe "-". Kenaka, dinani pa chipepalacho. C3. Pachilembachi kuti muwonetse zotsatira, fomu ya fomu yotsatira iyenera kuonekera:
= A3-C3Monga momwe zinalili kale, kuti muwonetse zotsatirapo pawindo, dinani pa batani. Lowani.
- Monga mukuonera, pankhaniyi, kuwerengera kunapangidwa bwino. Zotsatira za kuwerengera ndi zofanana ndi chiwerengero 33.
Koma kwenikweni, nthawi zina zimayenera kuti achoke, momwe ziwerengero zonse zomwe zimapezeka ndi maselo omwe alipo zidzatenga mbali. Choncho, zikhoza kukumana ndi kufotokozera, mwachitsanzo, za mawonekedwe otsatirawa:
= A3-23-C3-E3-5
PHUNZIRO: Mmene mungachotsere chiwerengero kuchokera ku Excel
Njira 2: maonekedwe a ndalama
Kuwerengera kwa ziyeso mu mawonekedwe a ndalama ndizosiyana mosiyana ndi chiwerengero chimodzi. Njira zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa, mozama, mtunduwu ndi chimodzi mwa njira zomwe mungasankhe. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti kumapeto kwa kuchuluka kwa zowerengera muzowerengera, chizindikiro cha ndalama cha ndalama yapadera chimayikidwa.
- Kwenikweni, mukhoza kuchita ntchitoyi, monga kuchotsa chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, ndipo pokhapokha perekani zotsatira zomaliza za mtundu wa ndalama. Kotero, ife timapanga kuwerengera. Mwachitsanzo, chotsani kuchokera 15 chiwerengerocho 3.
- Pambuyo pake, dinani pa chigawo cha pepala chomwe chiri ndi zotsatira. Mu menyu, sankhani mtengo "Sungani maselo ...". M'malo moitanira mndandanda wamakono, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mutakakamiza makiyiwo Ctrl + 1.
- Ngati chimodzi mwazigawo ziwirizi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zenera zowonongeka zimayambika. Pitani ku gawo "Nambala". Mu gulu "Maofomu Owerengeka" onani njira "Ndalama". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo apadera adzaonekera kumanja kwawindo lazenera limene mungasankhe mtundu wa ndalama ndi chiwerengero cha malo osungira. Ngati muli ndi Windows pafupipafupi ndipo Microsoft Office makamaka iliponse pansi pa Russia, ndiye kuti mwachindunji ayenera kukhala m'ndandanda "Udindo" chizindikiro cha ruble, ndi chiwerengero cha decimal "2". Kawirikawiri, masewerawa safunikira kusintha. Koma, ngati mukufunabe kuti muwerengere madola kapena opanda malo, muyenera kusintha.
Potsatila momwe kusintha kuli kofunikira kumapangidwira, ife timangodalira "Chabwino".
- Monga momwe mukuonera, zotsatira za kuchotsedwa mu selo zinasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa ndalama ndi chiwerengero chokha cha malo apamwamba.
Pali njira ina yosinthira zotsatira zotsalira chifukwa cha ndalama. Kuti muchite izi, pa kaboni mu tabu "Kunyumba" Dinani pa katatu kupita kumanja kwa gawo lowonetsera la selo yamakono mu gulu la chida "Nambala". Kuchokera pandandanda yomwe imatsegulira, sankhani kusankha "Ndalama". Mawerengero a Numeri adzasandulika ku ndalama. Zoona muzochitika izi palibe kuthekera kosankha ndalama ndi chiwerengero cha malo achisimali. Zosintha zomwe zili m'dongosolo mwadongosolo zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena zimakonzedwa kudzera pawindo lokonzekera lofotokozedwa ndi ife pamwambapa.
Ngati muyesa kusiyana pakati pa miyeso yamaselo omwe apangidwa kale kuti apangire mtundu wa ndalama, ndiye kuti sikofunika kuti mupangire zomwe zili pa pepala kuti muwonetse zotsatira. Zidzasinthidwa mosavuta kuti zikhale zoyenera pambuyo potsatira ndondomekoyi ndi maulumikizidwe kwa zinthu zomwe zili ndi nambala yoti ichotsedwe ndi kuchotsedwa, komanso powanikiza Lowani.
PHUNZIRO: Mmene mungasinthire mawonekedwe a selo mu Excel
Njira 3: Nthawi
Koma mawerengedwe a kusiyana kwa tsiku ali ndi misinkhu yosiyana yomwe ili yosiyana ndi zosankhidwa kale.
- Ngati tifunika kuchotsa masiku angapo kuchokera tsiku limene tafotokoza mu chimodzi cha zinthu pa pepala, ndiye choyamba chitani chizindikiro "=" ku gawo limene zotsatira zomaliza zidzawonetsedwa. Pambuyo pake, dinani pa chigawo cha pepala, chomwe chiri ndi tsiku. Adilesi yake ikuwonetsedwa mu chigawo chokwera komanso mu bar. Kenaka, ikani chizindikiro "-" ndi kuyendetsa chiwerengero cha masiku kuchokera pa kibokosilo kuti mutenge. Kuti tiwone kuwerengera Lowani.
- Zotsatira zimasonyezedwa mu selo lomwe tawonetsedwa ndi ife. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe ake amatembenuzidwa kukhala mtundu wa tsiku. Potero, timapeza tsiku lowonetsedwa bwino.
Palinso zovuta pamene mukufunikira kuchotsa wina kuchokera tsiku limodzi ndi kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pawo mu masiku.
- Ikani chizindikiro "=" mu selo komwe zotsatira zidzasonyezedwe. Pambuyo pake, timangodutsa pazomwe zili pa pepala pomwe nthawi yotsatira ikupezeka. Pambuyo pa adiresi yake ikuwonetsedwa mu ndondomekoyi, ikani chizindikiro "-". Timakani pa selo yomwe ili ndi tsiku loyamba. Ndiye ife timangodutsa Lowani.
- Monga mukuonera, pulogalamuyo inafotokoza molondola chiwerengero cha masiku pakati pa masiku omwe atchulidwa.
Komanso, kusiyana pakati pa masiku kungathe kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi RAZNAT. Ndi zabwino chifukwa zimakulolani kusintha ndi kuthandizana ndi mfundo yowonjezereka, momwe mayunitsi amodzi amasiyanitsira kusiyana kwake: miyezi, masiku, ndi zina zotero. Chosavuta cha njira iyi ndi chakuti kugwira ntchito ndi ntchito kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi machitidwe ochiritsira. Kuphatikiza apo, woyendetsa RAZNAT sizinatchulidwe Oyang'anira ntchitondipo kotero izo ziyenera kuti zilowetsedwe mwamanja pogwiritsa ntchito syntax yotsatira:
= RAZNAT (kuyamba_date; mapeto_date; unit)
"Tsiku Loyamba" - kukangana komwe kukuimira tsiku loyambirira kapena kulumikizana nalo, komwe kuli pamutu pa pepala.
"Tsiku Lomaliza" - Iyi ndi mkangano mwa mawonekedwe a tsiku lomaliza kapena kulumikizana nalo.
Ndemanga yokondweretsa kwambiri "Chigawo". Ndicho, mungasankhe kusankha momwe zotsatirazo ziwonetsedwere. Zingasinthe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:
- "d" - zotsatira ziwonetsedwa m'masiku;
- "m" - mu miyezi yonse;
- "y" - m'zaka zonse;
- "YD" - kusiyana kwa masiku (osapatula zaka);
- "MD" - kusiyana kwa masiku (osapatula miyezi ndi zaka);
- "YM" - kusiyana pakati pa miyezi.
Kotero, kwa ife, pakufunika kusiyana pakati pa May 27 ndi March 14, 2017. Masiku awa ali mu maselo ndi makonzedwe B4 ndi D4, motsatira. Tikayika chotsekera pazomwe zilibe papepala pomwe tifuna kuona zotsatira za kuwerengera, ndipo lembani fomu yotsatirayi:
= RAZNAT (D4; B4; "d")
Dinani Lowani ndipo ife timapeza zotsatira zomaliza za kuwerengera kusiyana 74. Zoonadi, pakati pa masiku amenewa ndi masiku 74.
Ngati akufunikira kuchotsa masiku omwewo, koma osawalembera m'maselo a pepala, ndiye kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito njirayi:
= RAZNAT ("03/14/2017"; "05/27/2017"; "d")
Apanso, yesani pakani Lowani. Monga mukuonera, zotsatira zake mwachibadwa zimakhala zofanana, zimangotengedwa m'njira yosiyana.
Phunziro: Chiwerengero cha masiku pakati pa masiku mu Excel
Njira 4: Nthawi
Tsopano ife tikubwera ku phunziro la algorithm ya ndondomeko yochotsa nthawi mu Excel. Mfundo yofunikira ikhale yofanana ndi nthawi imene kuchotsa masiku. Ndikofunika kuchotsa nthawi ina.
- Kotero, ife tikuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito yodziwa kuti ndidutsa mphindi zingati kuchokera 15:13 mpaka 22:55. Timalemba nthawi izi mu maselo osiyana pa pepala. Chochititsa chidwi, mutatha kulowa mu deta, zinthu za pepalazo zidzasinthidwa kukhala zokhutira ngati zisanakonzedwe kale. Apo ayi, zidzakonzedwa pamanja patsikulo. Mu selo momwe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kudzawonetsedwe, ikani chizindikiro "=". Kenaka ife timangodalira pazomwe zili ndi nthawi yotsatira (22:55). Pambuyo pa adiresi ikuwonetsedweramo, yanizani chizindikiro "-". Tsopano ife tibole pa chinthucho pa pepala yomwe nthawi yoyamba ilipo (15:13). Kwa ife, ife tiri ndi njira yotsatirayi:
= C4-E4Kuti tiwerenge tikusinthasintha Lowani.
- Koma, monga momwe tikuonera, zotsatira zake zinawonetsedwa pang'ono mwa mawonekedwe omwe timafuna. Tinkangofunikira kusiyana maminiti, ndipo maola 7 ndi maminiti 42 anawonetsedwa.
Kuti tipeze maminiti, tifunika kuchulukitsa zotsatira zam'mbuyo ndi coefficient 1440. Coefficient iyi imapezeka pakuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha mphindi pa ora (60) ndi maola patsiku (24).
- Koma, monga momwe tikuonera, zotsatirazo zinayankhulidwanso molakwika (0:00). Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti kuchulukitsa chigawo cha pepalachi kunasinthidwanso mu nthawi yake. Kuti tisonyeze kusiyana kwa mphindi, tifunika kubwezeretsanso machitidwe omwewo.
- Choncho, sankhani selo ili ndi tab "Kunyumba" Dinani pa katatu kakudziwika komwe kumanja kumalo osonyeza maonekedwe. Mu mndandanda wochitidwa, sankhani kusankha "General".
Inu mukhoza kuchita mosiyana. Sankhani chinthu chomwe chimaperekedwa pa pepala ndikusindikiza mafungulo. Ctrl + 1. Zowonetsera zowonongeka zimayambika, zomwe takhala tachita kale kale. Pitani ku tabu "Nambala" ndi mndandanda wa maonekedwe a chiwerengero, sankhani kusankha "General". Klaatsay "Chabwino".
- Mutagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonseyi, selo imasinthidwa kuti ikhale yofanana. Imaonetsa kusiyana pakati pa nthawi yeniyeni mu maminiti. Monga mukuonera, kusiyana pakati pa 15:13 ndi 22:55 ndi 462 mphindi.
Choncho, yesani khalidwe "=" mu selo yopanda kanthu pa pepala. Pambuyo pake, dinani pazigawo za pepala, kumene kusiyana pakati pa kuchotsa nthawi ndi (7:42). Pambuyo pa makonzedwe a selo ili akuwonetsedwa mu ndondomeko, dinani pa chizindikiro wonjezerani (*) pa kibokosilo, ndiyeno tilemba chiwerengerocho 1440. Kuti tipeze zotsatira timatsitsa Lowani.
PHUNZIRO: Momwe mungasinthire maola ndi mphindi ku Excel
Monga momwe mukuonera, mawonekedwe owerengera kusiyana kwa Excel akudalira pa deta yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akugwira nawo. Koma, komabe, mfundo yaikulu ya kuyandikira kuchitidwe ichi cha masamu siinasinthe. Ndikofunika kuchotsa wina kuchokera ku nambala imodzi. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mayamu a masamu, omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira mawu ofunika kwambiri a Excel, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zowonjezera.
