Ogwiritsa ntchito pa Excel amadziwa kuti pulogalamuyi ili ndi ntchito zambiri zowerengetsera, malinga ndi msinkhu umene ungapikisane mosavuta ndi mapulogalamu apadera. Koma kuwonjezera apo, Excel ili ndi chida chimene deta ikugwiritsiridwa ntchito pa ziwerengero zingapo zoyambirira zowerengetsera pang'onopang'ono imodzi.
Chida ichi chimatchedwa "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa". Ndizomwe mungathe mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, pogwiritsira ntchito zofunikira za pulogalamuyo, pangani ndondomeko yambiri ya deta ndikudziwe zambiri pazowerengera zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone momwe chida ichi chikugwirira ntchito, ndipo yang'anani zina mwa mawonekedwe ogwira nawo ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ziwerengero Zotsatanetsatane
Pansi pa ziwerengero zofotokozera zimamvetsetsa kusinthika kwa deta yamtundu wa ziwerengero zofunikira zoyambirira. Komanso, chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe zinapezedwa kuchokera ku zizindikiro izi, ndizotheka kupanga mfundo zokhudzana ndi deta yomwe ili pansi pa phunziro.
Mu Excel pali chida chophatikizidwa "Analysis Package"zomwe mungathe kupanga mtundu woterewu. Iye amatchedwa "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa". Zina mwa zida zomwe chida ichi chikuwerengera ndizo zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Chamkati;
- Mafashoni;
- Kufalikira;
- Avereji;
- Kusiyana kwakukulu;
- Kulakwitsa kwakukulu;
- Asymmetry, ndi zina zotero.
Ganizirani momwe chida ichi chikugwiritsira ntchito pa Excel 2010, ngakhale kuti njirayi ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito mu Excel 2007 komanso pulogalamuyi.
Kugwirizana kwa "Analysis Package"
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chida "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa" Zili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatchedwa Pulojekiti yofufuza. Koma chowonadi ndi chakuti mwachinsinsi izi zowonjezera mu Excel zalephereka. Choncho, ngati simunaphatikizirepo, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za ziwerengero zofotokozera, muyenera kuchita.
- Pitani ku tabu "Foni". Kenaka, timasunthira kumalo "Zosankha".
- Muzenera yowonjezera, pita ku ndimeyi Zowonjezera. Pansi pazenera ndi munda "Management". Ndikofunika kukonzanso kusintha komwe kuli Zowonjezeretsa Zolembangati ziri zosiyana. Pambuyo pa izi, dinani pa batani "Pitani ...".
- Zowonjezera Excel yowonjezeramo zenera ikuyamba. Zina "Analysis Package" ikani mbendera. Kenaka dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
Ntchito zotsatirazi zowonjezera Pulojekiti yofufuza idzatsegulidwa ndipo lidzakhala likupezeka pa tabu "Deta" Excel. Tsopano tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zida za ziwerengero zofotokozera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chofotokozera chiwerengero
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe chiwerengero chofotokozera chida chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuchita. Pa zolinga izi, timagwiritsa ntchito tebulo lokonzekera.
- Pitani ku tabu "Deta" ndipo dinani pa batani "Dongosolo la Data"yomwe imayikidwa pa tepiyi mu chida chopangira "Kusanthula".
- Mndandanda wa zipangizo zomwe zatchulidwa Pulojekiti yofufuza. Ife tikuyang'ana dzina "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa"sankhani ndipo dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Mutatha kuchita izi, zenera zidzayamba mwachindunji. "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa".
Kumunda "Nthawi yolowera" tchulani adiresi yazomwe zingakonzedwe ndi chida ichi. Ndipo ife timafotokoza izo pamodzi ndi gome lomwe likutsogolera. Kuti tilowe muzowunikira zomwe tikusowa, yikani cholozera mmalo mwachindunji. Kenako, mutagwiritsa ntchito batani lamanzere, sankhani malo omwe alipo pa pepala. Monga mukuonera, makonzedwe ake adzawonekera msanga. Popeza tinatenga deta pamodzi ndi mutu, ndiye za parameter "Tags mu mzere woyamba" muyenera kufufuza bokosi. Yambani posankha mtundu wa magulu, kusuntha kuwombera ku malo "Ndi ndondomeko" kapena "M'mizere". Ifeyo, mwayi "Ndi ndondomeko", koma nthawi zina, mungafunikire kuyika kasinthasintha.
Pamwamba tidayankhula zokha za deta zowonjezera. Tsopano tikupitiriza kufufuza zolemba za magawo, omwe ali pawindo lomweli popanga ziwerengero zofotokozera. Choyamba, tifunika kusankha komwe ndondomeko yosinthidwa idzaperekedwa:
- Nthawi yotsatsa;
- Pulogalamu Yatsopano;
- Buku latsopano.
Pachiyambi choyamba, muyenera kufotokozera mtundu wapadera pa pepala lamakono kapena selo lakumanzere lakumanzere, kumene chidziwitso chotsatiridwa chidzaperekedwa. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, muyenera kufotokoza dzina la pepala lapadera la bukhu ili, lomwe lidzasonyeza zotsatira za processing. Ngati palibe pepala lokhala ndi dzina ili panthawiyi, ilo lidzangokhala lokha pambuyo mutatsegula batani. "Chabwino". Kachitatu, palibe magawo ena oyenerera kuti adziwe, chifukwa deta idzawonetsedwa mu felelo yosiyana ya Excel (workbook). Timasankha kuwonetsa zotsatira pa tsamba lamakalata lotchedwa "Zotsatira".
Komanso, ngati mukufuna kuti ziwerengero zomalizira zibweretsedwe, ndiye kuti muyang'ane bokosi pafupi ndi chinthu chofanana. Mukhozanso kukhazikitsa mlingo wokhala wodalirika mwa kuyika mtengo woyenera. Mwachisawawa, zidzakhala zofanana ndi 95%, koma zingasinthidwe mwa kuwonjezera manambala ena kumunda kumanja.
Kuphatikizanso apo, mukhoza kuyika makalata ochezera. "Kth pang'ono" ndi "K-th yaikulu"mwa kuika zikhulupiliro pazinthu zoyenera. Koma kwa ife, izi zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zapitazo, sizolangizidwa, kotero sitimayang'ana mabokosi.
Pambuyo pa deta zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa, dinani pa batani "Chabwino".
- Pambuyo pochita izi, tebulo ndi ziwerengero zofotokozera zikuwonetsedwa pa pepala limodzi, lomwe tilitcha "Zotsatira". Monga momwe mukuonera, deta ndi yosokoneza, kotero iyenera kusinthidwa mwa kukulitsa zipilala zofanana kuti ziwoneke mosavuta.
- Deta ikadakhala "yosakanizidwa" mungathe kupitiliza kuwunika molunjika. Monga momwe mukuonera, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zofotokozera:
- Asymmetry;
- Kusintha;
- Osachepera;
- Kusiyana kwakukulu;
- Chitsanzo chosiyana;
- Kutalika;
- Mtengo;
- Kuwonjezera;
- Avereji;
- Kulakwitsa kwakukulu;
- Chamkati;
- Mafashoni;
- Akaunti
Ngati zina mwazomwe zili pamwambazi sizikufunika kuti muyambe kufufuza, ndiye zikhoza kuchotsedwa kuti zisasokoneze. Kufufuza kwina kumachitika powerenga malamulo owerengetsera.
Phunziro: Zomwe zimakhala zowerengeka
Monga mukuonera, pogwiritsa ntchito chida "Zomwe Zikufotokozedwa" Mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zowonjezereka, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana pa chiwerengero chilichonse, zomwe zingatenge nthawi yambiri kwa wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo kotero, ziwerengero zonsezi zingapezeke pafupifupi kokha, kugwiritsa ntchito chida choyenera - Pulojekiti yofufuza.
